Persistent CO2 reactivity deficits are associated with neurological dysfunction up to one year after repetitive mild closed head injury in adolescent mice

2021 ◽  
pp. 0271678X2110217
Author(s):  
Limin Wu ◽  
Suk-Tak Chan ◽  
William J Edmiston ◽  
Gina Jin ◽  
Emily S Levy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Respiratory Rate ◽  
Brain Connectivity ◽  
Closed Head Injury ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
Circadian Activity ◽  
Closed Head ◽  
One Year

Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) deficits in adolescents with concussion may persist after resolution of neurological symptoms. Whether or not CVR deficits predict long term neurological function is unknown. We used adolescent mice closed head injury (CHI) models (54 g, 107 cm or 117 cm drop height), followed by blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD)-functional MRI with CO2 challenge to assess CVR and brain connectivity. At one week, 3HD 107 cm mice showed delayed BOLD responses (p = 0.0074), normal striatal connectivity, and an impaired respiratory rate response to CO2 challenge (p = 0.0061 in ΔRmax). The 107 cm group developed rotarod deficits at 6 months (p = 0.02) and altered post-CO2 brain connectivity (3-fold increase in striatum to motor cortex correlation coefficient) by one year, but resolved their CVR and respiratory rate impairments, and did not develop cognitive or circadian activity deficits. In contrast, the 117 cm group had persistent CVR (delay time: p = 0.016; washout time: p = 0.039) and circadian activity deficits (free-running period: 23.7 hr in sham vs 23.9 hr in 3HD; amplitude: 0.15 in sham vs 0.2 in 3HD; peak activity: 18 in sham vs 21 in 3HD) at one year. Persistent CVR deficits after concussion may portend long-term neurological dysfunction. Further studies are warranted to determine the utility of CVR to predict chronic neurological outcome after mild traumatic brain injury.

Long-term neuropsychological outcome of closed head injury

1979 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harvey S. Levin ◽  
Robert G. Grossman ◽  
James E. Rose ◽  
Graham Teasdale
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Closed Head Injury ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Closed Head ◽  
Disabled Patients

✓ Long-term recovery from severe closed head injury was investigated in predominantly young adults whose Glasgow Coma score was 8 or less at the time of admission. Of the 27 patients studied (median follow-up interval of 1 year), 10 attained a good recovery, 12 were moderately disabled, and five were severely disabled. In contrast to previous studies suggesting that intellectual ability after severe closed head injury eventually recovers to a normal level, our findings showed that residual intellectual level, memory storage and retrieval, linguistic deficit, and personal social adjustment corresponded to overall outcome. All severely disabled patients and several moderately disabled patients exhibited unequivocal cognitive and emotional sequelae after long follow-up intervals. Analysis of persistent neuropsychological deficit in relation to neurological indices of acute injury severity demonstrated the prognostic significance of oculovestibular deficit.

A PET study of long-term rCBF changes during cognition after closed head injury

NeuroImage ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. S492
Author(s):  
B.S. Kirkby ◽  
J.D. Van Horn ◽  
G. Esposito ◽  
T.E. Goldberg ◽  
D.R. Weinberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Closed Head Injury ◽  
Closed Head

Forgetting from Long-Term Memory in Severe Closed-Head Injury Patients: Effect of Retrieval Conditions and Semantic Organization

Cortex ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni A. Carlesimo ◽  
Maurizio Sabbadini ◽  
Antonella Loasses ◽  
Carlo Caltagirone
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Closed Head Injury ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Semantic Organization ◽  
Closed Head

Injuries to Children Younger Than 1 Year of Age

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-97
Author(s):  
Frederick P. Rivara ◽  
Michael D. Kamitsuka ◽  
Linda Quan
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Emergency Room ◽  
Closed Head Injury ◽  
Skull Fractures ◽  
Abdominal Injuries ◽  
Unintentional Injuries ◽  
Closed Head

The circumstances and characteristics of emergency room-treated injuries in children younger than 1 year of age were studied and unintentional injuries were compared with those caused by abuse. Unintentional injuries were seen 15 times more frequently in an emergency room than injuries caused by abuse. The majority of unintentional injuries were minor, although skull fractures and fractures of the clavicle did occur. In contrast, injuries caused by abuse were commonly multiple and severe and were more likely to result in long-term disability. Results of this study indicate that unintentional injuries are rarely serious and that closed head injury, rib or lower extremity fractures, and abdominal injuries are usually indicative of abuse.

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