High-Osmolar and Low-Osmolar Contrast Media

1993 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Thomsen ◽  
S. Dorph
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
Intravascular Injection ◽  
Small Minority ◽  
The Past ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Better Than

During the past 3 years a great number of papers about adverse drug reactions to intravascular injection of high-osmolar and low-osmolar iodinated contrast media (CM) have been published. They include observational studies, randomized trials, meta-analyses and committee reports. Thorough analysis of this material substantiates an improvement in safety of at least 6-fold using nonionic low-osmolar CM compared with ionic high-osmolar CM. The point where only a small minority is continuing to argue effectively that low-osmolar CM are not better than conventional high-osmolar CM has now been reached. High-osmolar CM are used less and less for intravascular purposes, and, in fact, have been totally replaced by low-osmolar CM in 4 countries.

scholarly journals Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: Update on the Use of Crystalloids and Pharmacological Measures

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Patschan ◽  
I. Buschmann ◽  
O. Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Severe Complication ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Contrast Induced Nephropathy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Meta Analyses

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a frequent and severe complication in subjects receiving iodinated contrast media for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Several preventive strategies were evaluated in the past. Recent clinical studies and meta-analyses delivered some new aspects on preventive measures used in the past and present. We will discuss all pharmacological and nonpharmacological procedures. Finally, we will suggest individualized recommendations for CIN prevention.

scholarly journals Histopathology and Renal Function in Wistar Rats after Intravascular Injection of Iodinated Contrast Media Iohexol and Iopamidol

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Abdurrahman Hasyim Asy’ari ◽  
Anny Setijo Rahaju ◽  
Arifa Mustika
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
Intravascular Injection ◽  
Tubular Necrosis ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Cardiac Ventricle ◽  
Significant Difference

This research aimed to analyze the histopathology (tubular necrosis and proteinaceous casts) and renal function (SCr and BUN) differences of male Wistar strain white rats (Rattus norvegicus) after intravascular injection of iodinated contrast media Iohexol and Iopamidol. This research is an experimental laboratory with a post-test only control group design. Male Wistar rats that fit the criteria were divided into three groups by random sampling technique: Control (K), Treatment 1 (P1, Iohexol 350 mg iodine/mL), and Treatment 2 (P2, Iopamidol 370 mg iodine/mL). Iohexol and Iopamidol were injected at a dose of 1600 mg iodine/kg BW. The histopathology differences were observed under a light microscope with a magnification of 400x, which were analyzed semi-quantitatively through slides formed by the paraffin method and H&E staining. SCr and BUN levels were checked using an automatic analysis machine with blood samples taken through the cardiac ventricle. Kruskal-Wallis test (α= 0.05) on renal histopathology scores, both tubular necrosis and protein casts showed Asymp. Sig. value > 0.05, which means there is no significant difference between the groups (K, P1, and P2). Kruskal-Wallis test (α= 0.05) on SCr levels also showed the Asymp. Sig. value > 0.05 and One-Way ANOVA Comparative Test on BUN levels showed the Sig. value > 0.05 which means there is no significant difference in renal function between the groups. This study proved no difference in histopathology and renal function in Wistar rats after injection of iodinated contrast media Iohexol and Iopamidol.

Iodinated Contrast Media – A Safety Review

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raman Dusaj ◽  
Jonathan S Reiner ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Media ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
Cardiac Events ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Adverse Cardiac Events ◽  
The One ◽  
Meta Analyses

Iodinated contrast media (CM) are administered to millions of patients every year, yet controversy continues to exist regarding the safety of the various agents. Iodinated CM are either ionic or non-ionic, and vary in their osmolality relative to plasma. It is generally accepted that first-generation ionic, high-osmolality CM (HOCM) are less well tolerated than non-ionic, low-osmolar CM (LOCM). However, whether there are differences in safety among the remaining classes or individual CM, particularly with regard to nephrotoxicity and ischaemic complications, remains controversial. Many clinical studies and meta-analyses have compared the safety of the various CM and, depending on the patient population and study design, conflicting results have often been obtained. However, strong trends are emerging to indicate that, with regard to nephrotoxicity and adverse cardiac events, little if any differences exist among the majority of LOCM and between LOCM and the one available iso-osmolar contrast medium (IOCM). Herein we review the data regarding the tolerability, nephrotoxicity and thrombotic risks associated with the use of iodinated CM.

Development of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to iodinated contrast media

1988 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 737-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. Siegle ◽  
W. L. McGuire ◽  
J. E. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
Iodinated Contrast

Chemistry of Iodinated Contrast Media (ICM): A Minireview

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maithili Pramod Joshi ◽  
Ameya Chaudhari ◽  
Prashant S. Kharkar ◽  
Shreerang V. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Contrast Media ◽  
Aqueous Solubility ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
World Health ◽  
Iodinated Contrast Media ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Iodinated Contrast ◽  
Health Organization

: Historically, the use of Iodinated Contrast Media (ICM) for diagnostic purposes, particularly radiography and computed tomography (CT), is well-known. Many of the ICM are included in the World Health Organization (WHO)’s List of Essential Medicines. Depending on the chemotype and the presence of ionizable functional group(s), the ICM are categorized in the ionic/nonionic monomers/dimers. The lipophilicity, aqueous solubility, viscosity and osmolality are major characteristics dictating their use for one procedure versus the other. Over last several decades, substantial advancement occurred in the design and development of novel ICM, solely to reduce their propensity to cause adverse effects. Given the nature of their acute usage, some of the agents with appreciable toxicity are still used. Understanding their chemistry aspects is crucial to appreciate, acknowledge and justify the usage of these extremely important torch-bearers of diagnostic agent’s class. The present review article presents an in-depth overview of the synthetic methods, therapeutic indications, potential adverse effects along with the commercial and environmental aspects of ICM. The safety and tolerability of these agents is a field that has gained significant importance, which is given due importance in the discussion.

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