Imaging of Tuberculosis

Purpose: To show that intracranial tuberculosis (TB) often masquerades as brain tumour. Material and Methods: Forty-six patients with intracranial TB, who after CT at the local hospital were referred for surgery or radiotherapy of brain tumour, are presented. Sometimes the correct diagnosis was first established during surgery for tumour. Results: The differentiation between TB and gliomas, meningiomas, metastases, or lymphomas may be impossible from the clinical history and CT findings. Angiography, done in 25 of our cases, often helped by not showing the expected tumour vasculature. MR, performed in 9 patients, helped by demonstrating a layered capsule on T2-weighted images in 4 of the lesions (hypointense rim outside hyperintense rim); the centres of the lesions were of decreased, usually very mixed T2 signal intensity. Conclusion: Even in patients with findings typical of brain tumour, TB remains an important differential diagnosis.

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A Rare Case of Periosteal Osteoblastoma Located in the Frontal Cranial Bone

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.5858/2005-129-787-arcopo ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 129 (6) ◽

pp. 787-789

Author(s):

Yun Chyi Lin ◽

Deborah L. Commins ◽

Alexander N. Fedenko ◽

Gregory S. Pinsky

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Unusual Case ◽

Myositis Ossificans ◽

Clinical History ◽

Cranial Bone ◽

Radiographic Findings ◽

Periosteal Chondroma ◽

Important Differential Diagnosis ◽

Periosteal Osteosarcoma ◽

Microscopic Findings

Abstract Periosteal osteoblastoma is an extremely rare bone-forming neoplasm located on the surface of cortical bone. Of the fewer than 30 cases of periosteal osteoblastomas found in the literature, 2 have been reported to be located in cranial bone, and these have not been documented in detail with clinical history, radiographic findings, macroscopic features, and microscopic findings. Although the differential diagnoses of periosteal lesions include parosteal and periosteal osteosarcoma, periosteal chondroma and chondrosarcoma, osteochondroma, osteoid osteoma, periostitis ossificans, and myositis ossificans, an important differential diagnosis both radiologically and pathologically of such a lesion in the cranium is meningioma. We report an unusual case of periosteal osteoblastoma located in the frontal cranial bone that was radiologically consistent with a meningioma. The differential diagnosis of metaplastic meningioma with differentiation toward bone is discussed.

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Challenges in the diagnosis of cutaneous adnexal tumours

Journal of Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203228 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 68 (12) ◽

pp. 992-1002 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Richard Danialan ◽

Kudakwashe Mutyambizi ◽

Phyu P Aung ◽

Victor G Prieto ◽

Doina Ivan

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Sweat Gland ◽

Systematic Approach ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Clinical History ◽

Cutaneous Metastases ◽

Histological Features ◽

Immunohistochemical Studies ◽

Tumour Differentiation

The diagnosis of cutaneous adnexal neoplasms, a heterogeneous group of entities, is often perceived by practising pathologists as challenging. A systematic approach to diagnosis is necessary for classification of these lesions, which establishes the tumour differentiation (follicular, sebaceous, sweat gland or apocrine) and evaluates histological features differentiating between benign and malignant entities. Consideration of clinical history is a necessary adjunct in evaluation of the adnexal neoplasm, as characteristic anatomical sites are described for many adnexal lesions. In some instances, immunohistochemical studies may also be employed to aid the diagnosis. The differential diagnosis between primary cutaneous adnexal neoplasms and cutaneous metastases from visceral tumours may also be difficult. Clinical, radiological, histological and immunohistochemical characteristics will be further discussed, considering that the correct diagnosis has a significant impact on the patient's management and prognosis.

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Psychosis due to traumatic brain injury – controversies and diagnoses difficulties

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2348 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. S626-S626

Author(s):

A. Amorim

Keyword(s):

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Psychotic Disorders ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Clinical History ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Psychiatric Complications

IntroductionA traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause numerous psychiatric complications. Humor and anxious disorders, personality disorders and psychoses are some of those possible problems. The diagnosis of psychosis due to traumatic brain injury (PDTBI), although controversial, has been subject of crescent debate and the idea that a TBI could cause a psychosis is gaining credibility. Diagnosing a PDTBI can be difficult. DSM-5 criteria are rather vague and there are many potential confounding factors due to similarities with other etiological psychosis.Objectives and aimsAlert clinicians to the diagnosis of PDTBI, clarify this clinical entity and define features that may allow them to do the differential diagnosis with other etiologic psychotic disorders.MethodsThe authors performed a research in PubMed using the keywords psychosis and traumatic brain injury and selected the adequate articles to meet the objectives proposed.ResultsDifferential diagnosis of PDTBI should be done with schizophrenia, schizoaffective psychosis, delusional disorder, substance-induced psychosis, psychosis due to other medical condition and with posttraumatic stress disorder. Differentiating PDTBI and schizophrenia can be particularly difficult. Some features have been proposed in the literature as potentially differentiating, namely the presence of negative symptoms (more common in schizophrenia), findings in MRI/CT and EEG.ConclusionsEstablishing PDTBI diagnosis can be difficult. While awaiting new studies, clinicians should, in cases of TBI related psychosis, achieve a meticulous clinical history and mental exam, in order to ensure a correct diagnosis and, therefore, determine an appropriate intervention.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

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Chronic valproate encephalopathy - an important differential diagnosis of cognitive decline within the scope of a valproate therapy. Case report and literature review

Neuropediatrics ◽

10.1055/s-0032-1307073 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 43 (02) ◽

Author(s):

H Duckwitz ◽

A Wegener ◽

E Wegjan ◽

S Weise

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Case Report ◽

Literature Review ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Important Differential Diagnosis

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Human Parechovirus Encephalitis As an Important Differential Diagnosis of White Matter Lesions in Neonatal Sepsis-Like Illness

Neuropediatrics ◽

10.1055/s-0034-1390596 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 45 (S 01) ◽

Author(s):

L. Freudenberg ◽

S. Brenner ◽

G. Hahn ◽

M. van der Knaap ◽

M. Smitka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

White Matter ◽

Neonatal Sepsis ◽

White Matter Lesions ◽

Human Parechovirus ◽

Important Differential Diagnosis

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Isolated tuberculous monoarthritis, an important differential diagnosis in juvenile oligoarthritis

Aktuelle Rheumatologie ◽

10.1055/s-2003-45066 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 28 (05) ◽

Author(s):

T Froehlich ◽

K Benz ◽

S Weiss ◽

J Forst ◽

W Rascher

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Important Differential Diagnosis

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Differential Diagnosis of Malignant Ovarian Tumors on CT Findings

Journal of the Korean Radiological Society ◽

10.3348/jkrs.1996.35.1.101 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 101

Author(s):

Young Chae Kim ◽

Myung Hwan Yoon ◽

Dal Mo Yang ◽

Hyo Sun Chung ◽

Hyung Sik Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Ovarian Tumors ◽

Ct Findings

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Can conversation analytic findings help with differential diagnosis in routine seizure clinic interactions?

Communication & Medicine ◽

10.1558/cam.v12i1.26851 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 13-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Katie Ekberg ◽

Markus Reuber

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Correct Diagnosis ◽

Diagnostic Errors ◽

Epileptic Seizures ◽

Routine Clinical Setting ◽

Choice Of Treatment ◽

Transient Loss ◽

Factual Content ◽

Patient’S History ◽

Linguistic Methods

There are many areas in medicine in which the diagnosis poses significant difficulties and depends essentially on the clinician’s ability to take and interpret the patient’s history. The differential diagnosis of transient loss of consciousness (TLOC) is one such example, in particular the distinction between epilepsy and ‘psychogenic’ non-epileptic seizures (NES) is often difficult. A correct diagnosis is crucial because it determines the choice of treatment. Diagnosis is typically reliant on patients’ (and witnesses’) descriptions; however, conventional methods of history-taking focusing on the factual content of these descriptions are associated with relatively high rates of diagnostic errors. The use of linguistic methods (particularly conversation analysis) in research settings has demonstrated that these approaches can provide hints likely to be useful in the differentiation of epileptic and non-epileptic seizures. This paper explores to what extent (and under which conditions) the findings of these previous studies could be transposed from a research into a routine clinical setting.

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