scholarly journals The influence of excessive consumption of liquorice on phenprocoumon (Marcumar®): a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (11) ◽  
pp. 030006052110496
Author(s):  
Hermann Casper Roemer ◽  
Luisa Kunz ◽  
Suzan Botzenhardt
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonists ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Excessive Consumption ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Family ◽  
Sudden Decrease

Here, the case of a 92-year-old female patient, who was diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and treated with phenprocoumon (Marcumar®), is reported. Pre-existing comorbidities were arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, mild senile dementia and renal insufficiency. Despite treatment with phenprocoumon (Marcumar®), the patient experienced an ischaemic stroke. Her measured international normalized ratio (INR)-values during the months before the stroke were within the therapeutic range of 2–3, then suddenly decreased to 1.25. A retrospective inquiry failed to identify any significant changes in behaviour or therapy adherence, other than the consumption of 1.5 kg (3.3 lb) of hard-boiled candy liquorice in the days leading up to the stroke. The sudden decrease in INR-values may be explained by the influence of liquorice and its compounds on the pharmacokinetics of phenprocoumon (Marcumar®). In this context, the most important factors are the susceptibility of vitamin K antagonists to nutrition or metabolic irregularities, the influence of liquorice on the function of isoenzymes of the cytochrome P450 family that may lead to reduced bioavailability of phenprocoumon, and the influence of liquorice on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha transactivation.

scholarly journals Thiazolidinediones on PPARγ: The Roles in Bone Remodeling

PPAR Research ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wei ◽  
Yihong Wan
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Osteoblast Differentiation ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Skeletal Homeostasis

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are synthetic PPARγ(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) agonists and a class of drugs for diabetes mellitus type 2 that can decrease blood sugar efficiently by enhancing insulin sensitivity. However, increased bone fracture risk in diabetic individuals treated with TZDs is one of the reported side effects. Recent studies show that TZDs such as rosiglitazone simultaneously inhibit osteoblast differentiation and activate osteoclast differentiation, leading to bone loss due to decreased bone formation and increased bone resorption. Furthermore, TZDs may activate PPARγin tissues other than bone, such as the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis to indirectly regulate bone mass. This paper will focus on current new developments that implicate potential mechanisms for how PPARγmodulates skeletal homeostasis and how TZDs exert bone-loss side effects.

scholarly journals Evaluation of locomotor activity of pioglitazone in albino mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 2591
Author(s):  
Shruthi S. L. ◽  
Kalabharathi H. L. ◽  
Jayanthi M. K.
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Free Atmosphere ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Ad Libitum

Background: Pioglitazone (PIO), a Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor γ (PPAR-γ) agonist, is an oral anti-diabetic agent belonging to the group of thiazolidinediones-TZDs used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 in monotherapy and in combination with a sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin.Methods: All animals were allowed to acclimatize with laboratory conditions at least two weeks before starting the experiment and they were maintained under the same condition throughout the experiment. They were given food and water ad libitum. The experiments were performed as per the Committee for the Purpose of Control and Supervision on Experiments on Animals (CPCSEA) guidelines. The animals were subjected to experimentation between 0900-1600 hours in noise free atmosphere with ambient temperature 23-300ºC.Results: There was no significant reduction in the within group comparisons of the basal and final scores in locomotor activity.Conclusions: The standard and test groups failed to produce any significant reduction in locomotor activity in the intergroup comparison as well as compared to normal control.

Radioprotective effect of pioglitazone against genotoxicity induced by ionizing radiation in human healthy lymphocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Kazemi ◽  
Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Sensitizing Effect ◽  
Binucleated Lymphocytes ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Objective: Pioglitazone (PG) is used to control high blood sugar in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. PG acts as a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist. In addition to the insulin-sensitizing effect, PG possesses anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, the protective effect of PG was evaluated against DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation in human healthy lymphocytes. Methods: The microtubes containing human whole blood were treated with PG at various concentrations (1-50 μM) for three hours. Then, the blood samples were irradiated with X-ray. Lymphocytes were cultured for determining the frequency of micronuclei as a genotoxicity biomarker in binucleated lymphocytes. Results: The mean percentage of micronuclei was significantly increased in human lymphocytes when were exposed to IR, while it was decreased in lymphocytes pre-treated with PG. The maximum reduction in the frequency of micronuclei in irradiated lymphocytes was observed at 5 μM of PG treatment (48% decrease). Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory property is suggested the mechanism action of PG for protection human lymphocytes against genotoxicity induced by ionizing radiation.

PPARGC1A genotype (Gly482Ser) predicts exceptional endurance capacity in European men

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 344-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Lucia ◽  
Félix Gómez-Gallego ◽  
Inês Barroso ◽  
Manuel Rabadán ◽  
Fernando Bandrés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Death ◽  
Endurance Capacity ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Genotype Frequencies ◽  
Caucasian Men ◽  
World Class ◽  
Genetic Stratification

Animal and human data indicate a role for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α ( PPARGC1A) gene product in the development of maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2 max), a determinant of endurance capacity, diabetes, and early death. We tested the hypothesis that the frequency of the minor Ser482 allele at the PPARGC1A locus is lower in World-class Spanish male endurance athletes (cases) [ n = 104; mean (SD) age: 26.8 (3.8) yr] than in unfit United Kingdom (UK) Caucasian male controls [ n = 100; mean (SD) age: 49.3 (8.1) yr]. In cases and controls, the Gly482Ser genotype met Hardy-Weinberg expectations ( P > 0.05 in both groups tested separately). Cases had significantly higher V̇o2 max [73.4 (5.7) vs. 29.4 ml·kg−1·min−1 (3.8); P < 0.0001] and were leaner [body mass index: 20.6 (1.5) vs. 27.6 kg/m2 (3.9); P < 0.0001] than controls. In unadjusted χ2 analyses, the frequency of the minor Ser482 allele was significantly lower in cases than in controls (29.1 vs. 40.0%; P = 0.01). To assess the possibility that genetic stratification could confound these observations, we also compared Gly482Ser genotype frequencies in Spanish ( n = 164) and UK Caucasian men ( n = 381) who were unselected for their level of fitness. In these analyses, Ser482 allele frequencies were very similar (36.9% in Spanish vs. 37.5% in UK Caucasians, P = 0.83), suggesting that confounding by genetic stratification is unlikely to explain the association between Gly482Ser genotype and endurance capacity. In summary, our data indicate a role for the Gly482Ser genotype in determining aerobic fitness. This finding has relevance from the perspective of physical performance, but it may also be informative for the targeted prevention of diseases associated with low fitness such as Type 2 diabetes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document