Long-Term Treatment of Essential Hypertension with Nadolol and Hydrochlorothiazide: A Two-Year Follow-Up

1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
M M El-Mehairy ◽  
A Shaker ◽  
M Ramadan ◽  
S Hamza ◽  
S S Tadros
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Supine Blood Pressure ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Adrenergic Blocker

After 3 weeks of placebo administration, thirty-two mildly or moderately hypertensive patients were treated with hydrochlorothiazide (HCZ) for 3 weeks, then with HCZ plus nadolol, a new beta-adrenergic blocker, for 2 years. The dose of HCZ was 50 mg once daily for all except two patients, who received 50 mg twice a day. The dose of nadolol ranged from 40 mg to 240 mg, once daily. The average supine blood pressure decreased from 182/110 mm Hg at the end of the placebo period to 170/104 mm Hg at the end of treatment with HCZ alone. Nadolol was added to the regimen, and the average supine blood pressure decreased further to 132/88 mm Hg at the end of 3 months of combined therapy. It remained essentially unchanged for the duration of the 2-year study, and no increases in the dosage of either drug were needed. Side-effects were mild, and none required a change in dosage. A once-daily dose of nadolol combined with HCZ appears to be safe and effective therapy for the long-term treatment of mild or moderate essential hypertension.

Interaction of Dopamine, Methyldopa and Reserpine in the Sympatho-Adrenal System in Essential Hypertension

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 461s-463s
Author(s):  
K. Abe ◽  
H. Aoyagi ◽  
M. Yasujima ◽  
S. Miyazaki ◽  
T. Kusaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Adrenal System ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Depressor Effect

1. The interactions of dopamine, reserpine and methyldopa on blood pressure of normal subjects and of those with essential hypertension were examined. 2. When biosynthesis of noradrenaline from dopamine was blocked by reserpine, dopamine induced a prominent depressor effect in essential hypertension. 3. The long-term treatment with methyldopa induced a marked potentiation of the pressor action of domapine in hypertension, although no significant pressor response was found in normal subjects. 4. It is suggested that methylnoradrenaline may accumulate in peripheral nerve endings of patients with essential hypertension in comparison with normal subjects, and this accumulated methylnoradrenaline potentiates the pressor response to dopamine in essential hypertension.

Haemodynamic Effects of Withdrawal of Long-Term Treatment with β-Adrenoceptor Blocking Agents in Subjects with Essential Hypertension

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (s7) ◽  
pp. 421s-423s ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bengtsson ◽  
Y. Larsson ◽  
V. Panfilov ◽  
R. Sivertsson ◽  
H. Åström
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
First Year ◽  
Long Term Treatment

1. After 10 years of β-adrenoceptor blockade in five female patients with essential hypertension, the β-adrenoceptor-blocking agent was withdrawn, and the women were then followed up for 1 year, with measurements of cardiac output and peripheral resistance. 2. Blood pressure remained low during the first year after withdrawal in spite of the fact that the heart rate increased within the first few days. 3. Cardiac output was found to increase during the first year after withdrawal, although total peripheral resistance was essentially unchanged. 4. The maintenance of low blood pressure after withdrawal of the antihypertensive drug might indicate a regression of structural changes in the resistance vessels during successful long-term antihypertensive treatment. 5. Minimal resistance in hands and calves did not increase during the year after withdrawal.

Increased Plasma Noradrenaline Concentrations in Essential Hypertension and Their Decrease after Long-Term Treatment with a β-Receptor-Blocking Agent (Prindolol)

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (s3) ◽  
pp. 485s-488s ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Brecht ◽  
F. Banthien ◽  
W. Ernst ◽  
W. Schoeppe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Blocking Agent ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Plasma Noradrenaline ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous Activity ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Long Term Treatment

1. Plasma noradrenaline was measured in fiftynine patients with mild to severe essential hypertension and in fifteen normotensive control subjects under basal and orthostatic conditions. 2. In patients with essential hypertension mean plasma noradrenaline concentrations were significantly higher than in control subjects under basal and orthostatic conditions. 3. In patients with essential hypertension basal diastolic blood pressure correlated closely with the corresponding plasma noradrenaline concentrations. 4. Long-term treatment with prindolol of patients with essential hypertension led to a significant fall in diastolic and systolic blood pressure and heart rate and to a significant decrease in plasma noradrenaline concentrations under basal and orthostatic conditions. 5. The adrenergic response to upright posture, reflected by an increase in plasma noradrenaline, was not abolished by prindolol. 6. It is concluded that the anti-hypertensive effect of prindolol in patients with essential hypertension is at least partially mediated by a decrease of sympathetic nervous activity.

ABPM Comparison of the Anti-Hypertensive Profiles of Telmisartan and Enalapril in Patients with Mild-to-Moderate Essential Hypertension

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 543-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Amerena ◽  
S Pappas ◽  
J-P Ouellet ◽  
L Williams ◽  
D O'Shaughnessy
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Study Drug ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Moderate Essential Hypertension ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Once Daily

In this multicentre, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint (PROBE) study, the efficacy of 12 weeks' treatment with once-daily telmisartan 40–80 mg and enalapril 10–20 mg was evaluated using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in 522 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. Patients were titrated to the higher dose of study drug at week 6 if mean seated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) was ≥ 90 mmHg. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in ambulatory DBP in the last 6 h of the 24-h dosing interval after 12 weeks' treatment. Telmisartan and enalapril produced similar reductions from baseline in DBP and systolic blood pressure (SBP) over all ABPM periods evaluated (last 6 h, 24-h, daytime and night-time). Telmisartan produced a significantly greater reduction in mean seated trough DBP, measured unblinded with an automated ABPM device in the clinic, amounting to a difference of −2.02 mmHg ( P < 0.01). A significantly greater proportion of patients achieved a seated diastolic response with telmisartan than enalapril (59% versus 50%; P < 0.05), also measured with the same ABPM device. Both treatments were well tolerated. Compared with telmisartan, enalapril was associated with a higher incidence of cough (8.9% versus 0.8%) and hypotension (3.9% versus 1.1%). Therefore, telmisartan may provide better long-term compliance and, consequently, better blood pressure control than enalapril.

Long-Term Treatment with Pivmecillinam in Patients with Recurrent Bacteriuria

1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-182
Author(s):  
B Bresky ◽  
K Lincoln
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
End Of Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Tract Infections

Thirty out-patients with chronic recurrent urinary tract infections, who had failed to respond to 10 days treatment with either pivmecillinam and/or amoxycillin, received a 3-month course of pivmecillinam at a dose of 200 mg, three times daily. Twenty-seven patients had bacteriuria due to Enterobacteriaceae, mainly Escherichia coli, sensitive to mecillinam in vitro. Pivmecillinam eradicated all the initial urinary pathogens. Reinfections occurred during treatment in three patients, who remained asymptomatic. Four subjects complained of gastro-intestinal side-effects, and therapy was withdrawn in three instances. Another three patients described unusual adverse events towards the end of the course of treatment, described as an odd sensation in the body and a desire for salt. The sensation disappeared a few days after the end of treatment. Treatment with pivmecillinam had no adverse effect on haematopoietic, hepatic or renal function.

Efficacy and Tolerability of Muzolimine in the Long-Term Treatment of Essential Hypertension

1987 ◽  
pp. 317-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Carnovali ◽  
C. Borgnino ◽  
E. Crespi ◽  
M. Panozzo ◽  
A. Missaglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment

scholarly journals Hepatitis C virus-associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis: A 20-year experience with treatment

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
T M Ignatova ◽  
L V Kozlovskaya ◽  
N B Gordovskaya ◽  
O A Chernova ◽  
S Yu Milovanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Virologic Response ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis ◽  
Multidisciplinary Therapy ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Aim. To summarize the experience of a multidisciplinary therapy hospital in treating patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (CV). Subjects and methods. Seventy-two patients (mean age, 49.4±10.3 years) with HCV-associated CV were examined and followed up for an average period of 2.8±3.6 years. The efficiency of traditional (corticosteroids ± cyclophosphamide) and selective (rituximab) immunosuppressive therapy (IST) was estimated in 31 and 15 observations, respectively, and that of antiviral therapy (AVT) in 25. Vasculitis activity was assessed using the Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS). The patients’ survival was studied; multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out. Results. 24 (33.4%) of the 72 patients had a stage of liver cirrhosis (LC). The pretreatment mean BVAS was 11.9±7.2 (range 2 to 36). Severe CV (BVAS ≥15) was present in 30.6% of the patients. AVT was accompanied by achievement of sustained virologic response in 48% of the patients, clinical remission in 68% and had an advantage over IST in relation to long-term treatment results. Rituximab was significantly more effective than traditional immunosuppressants (remission rates of 73 and 13%, respectively). Combined therapy (rituximab and AVT) was most effective in patients with severe forms of vasculitis. Sixteen patients died from complications of vasculitis (37.5%), infection (37.5%), and LC (25%). The factors adversely affecting prognosis were age >55 years (odds ratio (OR), 4.49), the presence of LC (OR, 3.68), renal failure (OR, 4.66) and the use of glucocorticosteroids (OR, 3.91). Conclusion. HCV-associated CV can determine the prognosis of chronic HСV infection. AVT is the treatment of choice in all patients with HСV-associated CV. AVT must be combined with rituximab therapy in patients with severe forms of vasculitis.

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