Morphological and immunohistochemical characterization and molecular classification of spontaneous mammary gland tumors in macropods

2022 ◽  
pp. 030098582110691
Author(s):  
Tu Chun Hsu ◽  
Michael M. Garner ◽  
Matti Kiupel
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
Mammary Carcinomas ◽  
Her 2 ◽  
Epidermal Growth

Mammary gland neoplasms in macropods are uncommonly reported, and the morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics are incompletely described. The goal of this study was to describe the morphologic features of macropod mammary neoplasms and to determine the molecular subtypes of mammary carcinomas using a panel of antibodies against estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her-2), p63, smooth muscle actin (SMA), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Biopsy and necropsy specimens were examined from 21 macropods with mammary tumors submitted to Northwest ZooPath from 1996 to 2019. In accordance with the histologic classification of canine mammary tumors proposed by Goldschmidt and colleagues, tubulopapillary (2), tubular (10), and comedo-carcinomas (2), adenoma (1), lobular hyperplasia (3), fibroadenomatous hyperplasia (1), and mastitis (2) were diagnosed. Red kangaroos ( Osphranter rufus) were most commonly diagnosed with mammary carcinomas (79% of all carcinomas). Seven carcinomas had lymphovascular invasion and 2 also had pulmonary metastases. Six of these 7 carcinomas were classified as grade 3. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for all antibodies was performed on 9/14 carcinomas, and partial IHC was performed for 3 cases. All 12 carcinomas were immunoreactive for PR, 5 for ER, 9 for EGFR, and none for Her-2. Five of the 9 mammary carcinomas with complete IHC data were classified as luminal A subtype, and 4 were normal-like subtype. Accurate classification of mammary tumors in macropods based on morphology, immunohistological characteristics, and molecular subtype may be helpful in guiding clinical management, prognosis, and potential therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Advances in targeted therapy for esophageal cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Ming Yang ◽  
Pan Hong ◽  
Wen Wen Xu ◽  
Qing-Yu He ◽  
Bin Li
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Her 2 ◽  
Epidermal Growth

Abstract Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most lethal cancers in the world, and its morbidity and mortality rates rank among the top ten in China. Currently, surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the primary clinical treatments for esophageal cancer. However, outcomes are still unsatisfactory due to the limited efficacy and severe adverse effects of conventional treatments. As a new type of approach, targeted therapies have been confirmed to play an important role in the treatment of esophageal cancer; these include cetuximab and bevacizumab, which target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), respectively. In addition, other drugs targeting surface antigens and signaling pathways or acting on immune checkpoints have been continuously developed. For example, trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a first-line treatment of HER-2-positive cancer. Moreover, the PD-L1 inhibitor pembrolizumab has been approved as a highly efficient drug for patients with PD-L1-positive or advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). These novel drugs can be used alone or in combination with other treatment strategies to further improve the treatment efficacy and prognosis of cancer patients. Nevertheless, adverse events, optimal dosages and effective combinations still need further investigation. In this review, we expound an outline of the latest advances in targeted therapies of esophageal cancer and the mechanisms of relevant drugs, discuss their efficacy and safety, and provide a clinical rationale for precision medicine in esophageal cancer.

Preliminary evaluation of HER-2/neu oncogene and epidermal growth factor receptor expression in normal and neoplastic human ovaries

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Mileo ◽  
M. Fanuele ◽  
F. Battaglia ◽  
G. Scambia ◽  
C. Benedetti-Panici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Apparent Difference ◽  
Her 2 ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Neu Oncogene

The HER-2/neu oncogene (a member of the Erb-like oncogene family) is distinct from but closely related to the c-erb B gene which encodes the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr). HER-2/neu gene amplification was found in a large number of mammary carcinomas and there was a strong correlation between this phenomenon and poor prognosis. In our study HER-2/neu oncogene expression was determined in 16 malignant ovarian tumors, 2 ovarian lymphomas and 5 normal ovaries. The HER-2/neu gene was found both in normal ovaries and malignant tumors, without any apparent difference among the various histological types. In all the specimens examined, HER-2/neu expression did not seem to be related to EGF binding capacity.

Der Einsatz von Trastuzumab in der adjuvanten und palliativen Therapie des Mammakarzinoms

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Angelika B. Riemer ◽  
Christoph C. Zielinski
Keyword(s):  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Monoklonaler Antikörper ◽  
Oder Eine ◽  
Her 2 ◽  
Epidermal Growth

Trastuzumab ist ein humanisierter monoklonaler Antikörper, der gegen den humanen epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2/neu) gerichtet ist. Dieser Rezeptor ist in 20–30% von invasivem Brustkrebs überexprimiert, und führt dadurch zu aggressiverem Tumorwachstum. Die Bindung von Trastuzumab an den Rezeptor inhibiert über verschiedene Mechanismen das Wachstum und das Überleben der malignen Zellen. Die Effektivität und Sicherheit einer Therapie mit Trastuzumab, vor allem in Kombination mit verschiedenen Chemotherapien, ist in vielen klinischen Studien gezeigt worden. Die wichtigste Nebenwirkung ist die mögliche Entwicklung einer Kardiomyopathie, welche allerdings selten auftritt. Daher sollte jede Patientin, deren Tumor HER-2/neu überexprimiert oder eine HER-2/neu Genamplifikation aufweist, die Option einer Trastuzumab-Therapie erhalten. Dieser Artikel beleuchtet die wichtigsten Studienergebnisse und diskutiert das aktuelle Wissen über einen optimalen Einsatz des Antikörpers.

scholarly journals Expression Levels of Some Antioxidant and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Genes in Patients with Early-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe De Palma ◽  
Paola Mozzoni ◽  
Olga Acampa ◽  
Eveline Internullo ◽  
Paolo Carbognani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Her 2 ◽  
Epidermal Growth

This study was aimed at: (i) investigating the expression profiles of some antioxidant and epidermal growth factor receptor genes in cancerous and unaffected tissues of patients undergoing lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (cross-sectional phase), (ii) evaluating if gene expression levels at the time of surgery may be associated to patients' survival (prospective phase). Antioxidant genes included heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), and -2 (SOD-2), whereas epidermal growth factor receptor genes consisted of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukaemia viral oncogene homolog 2 (HER-2). Twenty-eight couples of lung biopsies were obtained and gene transcripts were quantified by Real Time RT-PCR. The average follow-up of patients lasted about 60 months. In the cancerous tissues, antioxidant genes were significantly hypo-expressed than in unaffected tissues. TheHER-2transcript levels prevailed in adenocarcinomas, whereasEGFRin squamocellular carcinomas. Patients overexpressingHER-2in the cancerous tissues showed significantly lower 5-year survival than the others.

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