Demyelination in Mice After Two or Three Infections with Avirulent Semliki Forest Virus

Adult mice given two or three intraperitoneal inoculations with avirulent Semliki Forest Virus showed typical lesions of a viral encephalitis similar to those caused by a virulent strain of the virus. Demyelination also was seen in the medulla and in the folia of the cerebellar white matter. Neuronophagia was seen only in mice that had had three successive infections. The repeated inoculations of avirulent virus exacerbates the encephalitis of a single inoculation and causes demyelination. The mice did not have neurological clinical signs except for a short-lived weakness of the hind legs. No central nervous system lesions were seen by the 7th and 8th week after the initial infection and all mice recovered.

Download Full-text

A Neuropathy in Goats Caused by Experimental Coyotillo (Karwinskia humboldtiana) Poisoning

Pathologia veterinaria ◽

10.1177/030098587000700504 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 435-447 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. M. Charlton ◽

K. R. Pierce ◽

R. W. Storts ◽

C. H. Bridges

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

White Matter ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Close Correlation ◽

Axonal Dystrophy ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Oral Doses

Twenty-two goats were poisoned with daily oral doses of ground coyotillo fruits and were killed at various times after the first day of dosing. The morphologic features and distribution of lesions in the central nervous system were studied by light microscopy. An axonal dystrophy occurred in several of the goats given high daily doses. Swellings occurred along axons of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum and in the white matter of the spinal cord. There was a fairly close correlation between the occurrence of clinical signs suggestive of the neocerebellar syndrome and the occurrence and distribution of lesions in the cerebellum.

Download Full-text

Primary central nervous system neoplasms in African hedgehogs

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/1040638718793687 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 715-720 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Juan F. Muñoz-Gutiérrez ◽

Michael M. Garner ◽

Matti Kiupel

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Cervical Spinal Cord ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Neurofilament Protein ◽

Cerebellar White Matter ◽

Diagnostic Laboratory ◽

Central Nervous System Neoplasms ◽

Cns Neoplasms ◽

Nervous System Neoplasms

In this retrospective study, we describe the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical findings in a series of primary central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms in African hedgehogs ( Atelerix albiventris). Twelve CNS neoplasms were found among 762 African hedgehog submissions (1.6%) to a private diagnostic laboratory in an 18-y period. The median age of affected hedgehogs was 3.5 y. No sex predilection was found. Hindlimb paresis, weakness, and ataxia were the most commonly reported clinical signs. Gangliogliomas ( n = 6) and astrocytomas ( n = 5) were the most commonly observed neoplasms; one oligodendroglioma was found. Gangliogliomas were found in the cerebellar white matter (2 of 6), brainstem (4 of 6), cervical spinal cord (1 of 6), and frontal lobe (1 of 6); one metastasized to the tongue. Gangliogliomas were immunoreactive for neurofilament protein (NFP), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100, and CD34. All astrocytomas were gemistocytic, located in the cerebrum, and none of these neoplasms metastasized. Astrocytomas were positive for GFAP, S100, and CD34, but negative for NFP. The oligodendroglioma was located in the cerebrum, and was positive for S100, but negative for GFAP and NFP.

Download Full-text

Fatal bromethalin intoxication in 3 cats and 2 dogs with minimal or no histologic central nervous system spongiform change

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/1040638718775463 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 642-645 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Megan C. Romano ◽

Alan T. Loynachan ◽

Dave C. Bolin ◽

Uneeda K. Bryant ◽

Laura Kennedy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

White Matter ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Presumptive Diagnosis ◽

Spongiform Change ◽

History Of ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Cns Lesions

Use of the neurotoxic rodenticide bromethalin has steadily increased since 2011, resulting in an increased incidence of bromethalin intoxications in pets. Presumptive diagnosis of bromethalin toxicosis relies on history of possible rodenticide exposure coupled with compatible neurologic signs or sudden death, and postmortem examination findings that eliminate other causes of death. Diagnosis is confirmed by detecting the metabolite desmethylbromethalin (DMB) in tissues. In experimental models, spongiform change in white matter of the central nervous system (CNS) is the hallmark histologic feature of bromethalin poisoning. We describe fatal bromethalin intoxication in 3 cats and 2 dogs with equivocal or no CNS white matter spongiform change, illustrating that the lesions described in models can be absent in clinical cases of bromethalin intoxication. Cases with history and clinical signs compatible with bromethalin intoxication warrant tissue analysis for DMB even when CNS lesions are not evident.

Download Full-text

Polymorphisms of methionine metabolism and the occurrence of white matter changes in primary central nervous system lymphoma

Aktuelle Neurologie ◽

10.1055/s-2006-953183 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 33 (S 1) ◽

Author(s):

S. Moskau ◽

M. Linnebank ◽

A. Jurgens ◽

A. Semmler ◽

I.G.H. Schmidt-Wolf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

White Matter ◽

Central Nervous System Lymphoma ◽

Methionine Metabolism ◽

White Matter Changes

Download Full-text

Clinical and Genetic Spectrum of 104 Indian families with Central Nervous System White Matter Abnormalities

Clinical Genetics ◽

10.1111/cge.14037 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Parneet Kaur ◽

Michelle C. Rosario ◽

Malavika Hebbar ◽

Suvasini Sharma ◽

Neethukrishna Kausthubham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

White Matter ◽

White Matter Abnormalities

Download Full-text

Glioblastoma infiltration into central nervous system tissue in vitro: involvement of a metalloprotease.

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.107.6.2281 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 107 (6) ◽

pp. 2281-2291 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

P A Paganetti ◽

P Caroni ◽

M E Schwab

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

White Matter ◽

Optic Nerve ◽

Cell Attachment ◽

Neurite Growth ◽

Cell Spreading ◽

C6 Cells ◽

3T3 Fibroblasts

Differentiated oligodendrocytes and central nervous system (CNS) myelin are nonpermissive substrates for neurite growth and for cell attachment and spreading. This property is due to the presence of membrane-bound inhibitory proteins of 35 and 250 kD and is specifically neutralized by monoclonal antibody IN-1 (Caroni, P., and M. E. Schwab. 1988. Neuron. 1:85-96). Using rat optic nerve explants, CNS frozen sections, cultured oligodendrocytes or CNS myelin, we show here that highly invasive CNS tumor line (C6 glioblastoma) was not inhibited by these myelin-associated inhibitory components. Lack of inhibition was due to a specific mechanism as the metalloenzyme blocker 1,10-phenanthroline and two synthetic dipeptides containing metalloprotease-blocking sequences (gly-phe, tyr-tyr) specifically impaired C6 cell spreading on CNS myelin. In the presence of these inhibitors, C6 cells were affected by the IN-1-sensitive inhibitors in the same manner as control cells, e.g., 3T3 fibroblasts or B16 melanomas. Specific blockers of the serine, cysteine, and aspartyl protease classes had no effect. C6 cell spreading on inhibitor-free substrates such as CNS gray matter, peripheral nervous system myelin, glass, or poly-D-lysine was not sensitive to 1,10-phenanthroline. The nonpermissive substrate properties of CNS myelin were strongly reduced by incubation with a plasma membrane fraction prepared from C6 cells. This reduction was sensitive to the same inhibitors of metalloproteases. In our in vitro model for CNS white matter invasion, cell infiltration of optic nerve explants, which occurred with C6 cells but not with 3T3 fibroblasts or B16 melanomas, was impaired by the presence of the metalloprotease blockers. These results suggest that C6 cell infiltrative behavior in CNS white matter in vitro occurs by means of a metalloproteolytic activity, which probably acts on the myelin-associated inhibitory substrates.

Download Full-text