scholarly journals Morphometric and Histopathologic Analysis of Lymphoid Depletion in Murine Spleens Following Infection with Brucella abortus strains 2308 or RB51 or an htrA Deletion Mutant

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 282-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Palmer ◽  
N. F. Cheville ◽  
F. M. Tatum
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Brucella Abortus ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Splenic White Pulp ◽  
Lymphoid Depletion ◽  
Histopathologic Changes ◽  
Histopathologic Analysis ◽  
Marginal Zones

BALB/C mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with suspensions of Brucella abortus strains 2308 or RB51 or an htrA mutant. Spleens were examined on postinoculation day (PID) 2, 4, 7, 10, 15, 21, 30, and 60. Brucellae were cultured in high numbers from the spleens of mice infected with strains 2308 or htrA through PID 60; however, mice infected with strain RB51 cleared the infection between PID 30 and PID 60. Histopathologic changes in spleens from 2308-infected mice were characterized by marked accumulations of macrophages, which expanded marginal zones beginning as early as PID 7 and persisting through PID 60. Morphometric analysis showed a decrease in splenic white pulp in 2308-infected mice at PID 10, which correlated with the peak of bacterial infection. Although this decrease was significant ( P < 0.05) when compared with values at the previous (PID 7) and the following (PID 15) time periods, it was not significantly different from white pulp values noted at PID 2 or PID 4 or the values for control spleens. Spleens from RB51-infected mice showed only mild to moderate accumulations of macrophages in marginal zone areas during the peak of RB51 infection (PID 7-10). Morphometric analysis of RB51-infected spleens showed a decrease in white pulp area, which coincided with peak bacterial numbers. However, this decrease was not significant ( P > 0.05). Spleens from mice infected with the htrA mutant showed moderate to marked accumulations of macrophages in marginal zone areas, which persisted through PID 60. Multifocal necrosis in lymphoid follicles as early as PID 4 was seen in both htrA and 2308 infection. Morphometric analysis of htrA-infected spleens revealed no significant decrease in white pulp and no obvious correlation with bacterial numbers in the spleen. These results suggest that virulent B. abortus does not induce lymphoid depletion significantly below those values seen in noninfected mice; thus, the possible role of lymphoid depletion in the pathogenesis of brucellosis remains questionable.

scholarly journals Fc chimeric protein containing the cysteine-rich domain of the murine mannose receptor binds to macrophages from splenic marginal zone and lymph node subcapsular sinus and to germinal centers.

1996 ◽  
Vol 184 (5) ◽  
pp. 1927-1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Martínez-Pomares ◽  
M Kosco-Vilbois ◽  
E Darley ◽  
P Tree ◽  
S Herren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Chimeric Protein ◽  
Mannose Receptor ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Subcapsular Sinus ◽  
Splenic White Pulp

Ligands for the cysteine-rich (CR) domain of the mannose receptor (MR) were detected by incubating murine tissues with a chimeric protein containing CR fused to the Fc region of human IgG1 (CR-Fc). In naive mice, CR-Fc bound to sialoadhesin+, F4/80low/-, macrosialin+ macrophages (M phi) in spleen marginal zone (metallophilic M phi) and lymph node subcapsular sinus. Labeling was also observed in B cell areas of splenic white pulp. Western blotting analysis of spleen and lymph nodes lysates revealed a restricted number of molecules that interacted specifically with CR-Fc. In immunized mice, labeling was upregulated on germinal centers in splenic white pulp and follicular areas of lymph nodes. Kinetic analysis of the pattern of CR-Fc labeling in lymph nodes during a secondary immune response to ovalbumin showed that CR ligand expression migrated towards B cell areas, associated with cells displaying distinctive dendritic morphology, and accumulated in developing germinal centers. These studies suggest that MR+ cells or MR-carbohydrate-containing antigen complexes could be directed towards areas where humoral immune responses take place, through the interaction of the MR CR domain with molecules expressed in specialized macrophage populations and antigen transporting cells.

scholarly journals Crucial Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 Expression on Nonhematopoietic Cells for B Cell Localization within the Splenic White Pulp

1998 ◽  
Vol 187 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Tkachuk ◽  
Stephan Bolliger ◽  
Bernhard Ryffel ◽  
Gerd Pluschke ◽  
Theresa A. Banks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Splenic White Pulp ◽  
Initial Activation ◽  
Deficient Mice ◽  
Necrosis Factor

During immune responses the initial activation of B cells takes place in T cell zones of periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS) of the splenic white pulp. After initial activation, B cells migrate into the primary follicles and, in association with follicular dendritic cells (FDCs), undergo clonal expansion and differentiation giving rise to germinal centers (GCs). Peanut agglutinin binding (PNA+) cells of the GC differentiate further into memory or plasma cells. Here we report that in tumor necrosis factor receptor 1–deficient mice (TNFR1−/−), the location of B cells was altered and that plasma cells were abnormally distributed in the splenic PALS. In contrast to lymphotoxin α–deficient mice (LTα−/−), bone marrow or fetal liver transplantation did not correct the abnormal organization of the spleen, location of B cells, the lack of an FDC network, nor the antibody response in TNFR1−/− mice. These results argue for a crucial role of TNFR1 expression on nonhematopoietic cells for the maintenance of the splenic architecture and proper B cell location. In addition, the lack in development of an FDC network after adoptive transfer suggests that either FDCs are not of bone marrow origin or that they depend on signals from nonhematopoietic cells for maturation.

scholarly journals The Three-dimensional Structure of Human Splenic White Pulp Compartments

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 655-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birte Steiniger ◽  
Lars Rüttinger ◽  
Peter J. Barth
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Cell Region ◽  
Human Spleen ◽  
Splenic White Pulp

The precise arrangement of B- and T-lymphocytes in the different compartments of the human splenic white pulp is still largely unknown. We therefore performed a 3D reconstruction of 150 serial sections of a representative adult human spleen alternately stained for CD3 and CD20. The results indicate that the T-cell regions of human spleens may be interrupted by B-cell follicles. Therefore, there is no continuous periarteriolar lymphatic T-cell sheath (PALS) around white pulp arterioles. An arteriole may be surrounded by T-lymphocytes at one level, then run across a follicle without any T-cells around, and finally re-enter a T-cell region. T- and B-cell compartments are intricately interdigitated in the human splenic white pulp. CD4+ T-lymphocytes and the typical fibroblasts of the T-cell region may extend as a thin shell at the follicular surface within the marginal zone. On the other hand, IgD++ B-cells continue from the follicular outer marginal zone along the surface of the T-cell region. Our findings indicate that the microanatomy of the splenic white pulp differs between humans and rodents. This may have consequences for the immigration of recirculating lymphocytes and for initial interactions among antigen-specific T- and B-lymphocytes.

scholarly journals Reticular fibroblasts in peripheral lymphoid organs identified by a monoclonal antibody.

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 883-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Van Vliet ◽  
M Melis ◽  
J M Foidart ◽  
W Van Ewijk
Keyword(s):  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Sulfate Proteoglycan ◽  
Cellular Organization ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Collagen Types ◽  
Medullary Cords ◽  
Red Pulp

We have produced a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against nonlymphoid cells in central and peripheral lymphoid organs. In this paper we present the reactivity of one of these antibodies, ER-TR7. This antibody detects reticular fibroblasts, which constitute the cellular framework of lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs and their products. In frozen sections of the spleen incubated with this antibody, the red pulp and white pulp are clearly delineated. Furthermore, the major white pulp compartments--the follicles and periarteriolar lymphoid sheath as well as the marginal zone--are recognized by their characteristic labeling patterns. In lymph nodes, the capsule, sinuses, follicles, paracortex, and medullary cords are clearly delineated. In the thymus and bone marrow no such specialized compartments were demonstrated. ER-TR7 reacts with an intracellular component of fibroblasts. Since ER-TR7 does not react with purified laminin, collagen types I-V, fibronectin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, entactin, or nidogen, it detects a hitherto uncharacterized antigen. The possible role of the ER-TR7 positive reticular fibroblasts in the cellular organization of peripheral lymphoid organs will be discussed.

scholarly journals The Perifollicular and Marginal Zones of the Human Splenic White Pulp

2001 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birte Steiniger ◽  
Peter Barth ◽  
Achim Hellinger
Keyword(s):  
White Pulp ◽  
Splenic White Pulp ◽  
Marginal Zones

scholarly journals The role of spleen macrophages in malaria: an ultrastructural study

1984 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Tosta ◽  
Greta Ruiz ◽  
Nina Wedderburn
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Limited Extent ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Mantle Zone ◽  
Red Pulp

An electronmicroscopy study of the spleen from mice infected with Plasmodium berghei was carried out to investigate the types ofcells in volved in the removal of parasites from the blood, and the mechanisms by which this occurs. Macrophages, particularly from the red pulp and the marginal zone of the spleen, constituted the most important population of phagocytic cells in the spleen. At the height ofparasitaemia, macrophages in the periphery of the white pulp, especially in the mantle zone of secondary follicles, were also found to participate in phagocytosis, although to a limited extent. Our fingings suggest that phagocytosis of free parasites or parasitized erythrocytes in the spleen is an important mechanism of clearance of parasites from the circulation. Parasites removed from the erythrocytes when these cells cross the interendothelial slits are further phagocytosed by neighbouring macrophages. Evidence is presented suggesting that spleen macrophages may act against the parasite through a process of cytotoxicity.

scholarly journals Integrin-dependence of Lymphocyte Entry into the Splenic White Pulp

2003 ◽  
Vol 197 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles G. Lo ◽  
Theresa T. Lu ◽  
Jason G. Cyster
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Lymphocyte Function ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽  
Splenic White Pulp ◽  
Radiation Resistant ◽  
Entry Requirements

The steps involved in lymphocyte homing to the white pulp cords of the spleen are poorly understood. We demonstrate here that the integrins lymphocyte function associated (LFA)-1 and α4β1 make essential and mostly overlapping contributions necessary for B cell migration into white pulp cords. T cell entry to the white pulp is also reduced by blockade of LFA-1 and α4β1. The LFA-1 ligand, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 is critical for lymphocyte entry and both hematopoietic cells and radiation-resistant cells contribute to this requirement. Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 contributes to the α4β1 ligand requirement and a second ligand, possibly fibronectin, also plays a role. By contrast with the entry requirements, antigen-induced movement of B cells from follicles to the outer T zone is not prevented by integrin blocking antibodies. Comparison of the distribution of integrin-blocked B cells and B cells treated with the Gαi inhibitor, pertussis toxin, early after transfer reveals in both cases reduced accumulation in the inner marginal zone. These observations suggest that chemokine receptor signaling and the integrins LFA-1 and α4β1 function together to promote lymphocyte transit from the marginal zone into white pulp cords.

The role of lymphoid tissue inducer cells in splenic white pulp development

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 3240-3245 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Withers ◽  
Mi-Yeon Kim ◽  
Vasileios Bekiaris ◽  
Simona W. Rossi ◽  
William E. Jenkinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Splenic White Pulp ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue Inducer Cells ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue Inducer

The effect of early thymectomy on histogenesis of the lymphoid organs in Xenopus laevis

Development ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-229
Author(s):  
Margaret J. Manning
Keyword(s):  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Normal Complement ◽  
Splenic White Pulp ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Immature Cells ◽  
Splenic Red Pulp ◽  
Red Pulp

The role of the thymus in the ontogenetic development of the lymphoid system of the clawed toad, Xenopus laevis, was investigated by removing the organ at stage 49 of Nieuwkoop & Faber (1967), a stage when small lymphocytes are present in the thymus but have not yet appeared in the peripheral lymphoid organs. Complete thymectomy, confirmed histologically, was achieved in nine larvae killed at stage 56 and in 23 larvae killed at stage 59. The spleen was smaller in thymectomized larvae than in sham-thymectomized controls in the series killed at stage 56, but the difference was no longer significant at stage 59. In both series, thymectomized larvae showed a fall in the number of extra-follicular lymphocytes and an increase in the reticulo-myeloid elements of the splenic red pulp. The pharyngeal ventral cavity bodies were moderately or severely depleted of lymphocytes. In other areas, histogenesis proceeded normally in the absence of the thymus. In the splenic white pulp, the follicles, which comprised immature cells of the lymphoblast type at the time of thymectomy, developed their normal complement of lymphocytes. All larvae grew and developed at the normal rate.

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