Familiar Face Priming: The Role of Second-Order Configuration and Individual Face Recognition Abilities

Perception ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlena L. Itz ◽  
Stefan R. Schweinberger ◽  
Jürgen M. Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Shape Information ◽  
Familiar Face ◽  
Correlational Data ◽  
Metric Distances

The role of second-order configuration—that is, metric distances between individual features—for familiar face recognition has been the subject of debate. Recent reports suggest that better face recognition abilities coincide with a weaker reliance on shape information for face recognition. We examined contributions of second-order configuration to familiar face repetition priming by manipulating metric distances between facial features. S1 comprised familiar face primes as either: unaltered, with increased or decreased interocular distance, with increased or decreased distance between nose and mouth; or a different familiar face (unprimed). Participants performed a familiarity decision task on familiar and unfamiliar S2 targets, and completed a test battery consisting of three face identity processing tests. Accuracies, reaction times, and inverse efficiency scores were assessed for the priming experiment, and potential priming costs in inverse efficiency scores were correlated with test battery scores. Overall, priming was found, and priming effects were reduced only by primes with interocular distance distortions. Correlational data showed that better face recognition skills coincided with a weaker reliance on second-order configurations. Our findings (a) suggest an importance of interocular, but not mouth-to-nose, distances for familiar face recognition and (b) show that good face recognizers are less sensitive to second-order configuration.

scholarly journals Recognising Familiar Faces Out of Context

Perception ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-177
Author(s):  
Sarah Laurence ◽  
Jordyn Eyre ◽  
Ailsa Strathie
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Recognition Test ◽  
Familiar Face

Expertise in familiar face recognition has been well-documented in several studies. Here, we examined the role of context using a surprise lecturer recognition test. Across two experiments, we found few students recognised their lecturer when they were unexpected, but accuracy was higher when the lecturer was preceded by a prompt. Our findings suggest that familiar face recognition can be poor in unexpected contexts.

scholarly journals If I Cry, Do You Care?

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Lockwood ◽  
Abigail Millings ◽  
Erica Hepper ◽  
Angela C. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Cognitive Empathy ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Semantic Activation ◽  
Emotional Empathy

Crying is a powerful solicitation of caregiving, yet little is known about the cognitive processes underpinning caring responses to crying others. This study examined (1) whether crying (compared to sad and happy) faces differentially elicited semantic activation of caregiving, and (2) whether individual differences in cognitive and emotional empathy moderated this activation. Ninety participants completed a lexical decision task in which caregiving, neutral, and nonwords were presented after subliminal exposure (24 ms) to crying, sad, and happy faces. Individuals low in cognitive empathy had slower reaction times to caregiving (vs. neutral) words after exposure to crying faces, but not after sad or happy faces. Results are discussed with respect to the role of empathy in response to crying others.

scholarly journals Real-World Face Recognition: The Importance of Surface Reflectance Properties

Perception ◽  
10.1068/p5779 ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 1368-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Russell ◽  
Pawan Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Real World ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Color Images ◽  
Surface Reflectance ◽  
Shape Information ◽  
Familiar Face ◽  
The Face ◽  
Unfamiliar Face ◽  
Facial Attributes

The face recognition task we perform most often in everyday experience is the identification of people with whom we are familiar. However, because of logistical challenges, most studies focus on unfamiliar-face recognition, wherein subjects are asked to match or remember images of unfamiliar people's faces. Here we explore the importance of two facial attributes—shape and surface reflectance—in the context of a familiar-face recognition task. In our experiment, subjects were asked to recognise color images of the faces of their friends. The images were manipulated such that only reflectance or only shape information was useful for recognizing any particular face. Subjects were actually better at recognizing their friends' faces from reflectance information than from shape information. This provides evidence that reflectance information is important for face recognition in ecologically relevant contexts.

The Pseudohomophone Effect: The Role of Visual Similarity in Non-Word Decisions

1982 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randi C. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Lexical Decision Task ◽  
Lexical Access ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Phonological Similarity ◽  
Visual Similarity ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Phonological Coding

The pseudohomophone effect, that is, the finding that non-words that are pronounced like words (e.g. MEEN) take longer to reject in a lexical decision task than other pronounceable non-words (e.g. NEEN), has been used to support the hypothesis of phonological receding in lexical access. The lexical decision experiments reported here matched pseudohomophones to control non-words that were as visually similar to words as were the pseudohomophones. For both normal and aphasic subjects, reaction times to reject the pseudohomophones were no longer than those for the visual controls. However, the pseudohomophones did take longer to reject than other pronounceable non-words which were not as visually similar to words. The results suggest that most previous findings of the pseudohomophone effect result from the greater visual rather than phonological similarity of the pseudohomophones to words. The absence of a phonological effect on the non-words in the present study implies that phonological coding is an optional rather than a slow, but obligatory process.

scholarly journals Unraveling the Mystery About the Negative Valence Bias: Does Arousal Account for Processing Differences in Unpleasant Words?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía Vieitez ◽  
Juan Haro ◽  
Pilar Ferré ◽  
Isabel Padrón ◽  
Isabel Fraga
Keyword(s):  
Word Recognition ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Intermediate Level ◽  
Decision Task ◽  
Affective Valence ◽  
Negative Valence ◽  
Processing Differences ◽  
Very High

Many studies have found that the emotional content of words affects visual word recognition. However, most of them have only considered affective valence, finding inconsistencies regarding the direction of the effects, especially in unpleasant words. Recent studies suggest that arousal might explain why not all unpleasant words elicit the same behavior. The aim of the present research was to study the role of arousal in unpleasant word recognition. To do that, we carried out an ERP experiment in which participants performed a lexical decision task that included unpleasant words which could vary across three levels of arousal (intermediate, high, and very high) and words which were neutral in valence and had an intermediate level of arousal. Results showed that, within unpleasant words, those intermediate in arousal evoked smaller LPC amplitudes than words that were high or very high in arousal, indicating that arousal affects unpleasant word recognition. Critically, arousal determined whether the effect of negative valence was found or not. When arousal was not matched between unpleasant and neutral valenced words, the effect of emotionality was weak in the behavioral data and absent in the ERP data. However, when arousal was intermediate in both unpleasant and neutral valenced words, larger EPN amplitudes were reported for the former, pointing to an early allocation of attention. Interestingly, these unpleasant words which had an intermediate level of arousal showed a subsequent inhibitory effect in that they evoked smaller LPC amplitudes and led to slower reaction times and more errors than neutral words. Our results highlight the relevance that the arousal level has for the study of negative valence effects in word recognition.

scholarly journals Word and Face Recognition Processing Based on Response Times and Ex-Gaussian Components

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 580
Author(s):  
Carmen Moret-Tatay ◽  
David García-Ramos ◽  
Begoña Sáiz-Mauleón ◽  
Daniel Gamermann ◽  
Cyril Bertheaux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Face Recognition ◽  
Face Processing ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
Priming Task ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Abilities ◽  
The Face

The face is a fundamental feature of our identity. In humans, the existence of specialized processing modules for faces is now widely accepted. However, identifying the processes involved for proper names is more problematic. The aim of the present study is to examine which of the two treatments is produced earlier and whether the social abilities are influent. We selected 100 university students divided into two groups: Spanish and USA students. They had to recognize famous faces or names by using a masked priming task. An analysis of variance about the reaction times (RT) was used to determine whether significant differences could be observed in word or face recognition and between the Spanish or USA group. Additionally, and to examine the role of outliers, the Gaussian distribution has been modified exponentially. Famous faces were recognized faster than names, and differences were observed between Spanish and North American participants, but not for unknown distracting faces. The current results suggest that response times to face processing might be faster than name recognition, which supports the idea of differences in processing nature.

Investigating the Role of Familiar Face and Voice Cues in Speech Processing in Noise

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeesun Kim ◽  
Sonya Karisma ◽  
Vincent Aubanel ◽  
Chris Davis
Keyword(s):  
Speech Processing ◽  
Familiar Face

Synthesis and properties of a new second-order NLO chromophore containing the benzo[b]furan moiety for electro-optical materials

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (63) ◽  
pp. 33312-33318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maolin Zhang ◽  
Guowei Deng ◽  
Airui Zhang ◽  
Huajun Xu ◽  
Heyan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Donor ◽  
Optical Materials ◽  
Furan Ring ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Donor Group ◽  
Nlo Chromophores ◽  
Furan Moiety

We have designed and synthesized a new chromophore having a 1,1,7,7-tetramethyljulolidine fused furan ring as the electron donor group to systematically investigate the role of the benzo[b]furan ring in NLO chromophores.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document