Development of an experimental model to study trigeminal nerve-mediated vasodilation on the human forehead

Cephalalgia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 514-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Ibrahimi ◽  
S Vermeersch ◽  
AHJ Danser ◽  
CM Villalón ◽  
AH van den Meiracker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Trigeminal Nerve ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Capsaicin Application ◽  
Transient Receptor

Background During migraine, trigeminal sensory nerve terminals release calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), inducing nociception and vasodilation. Applied on the skin, capsaicin activates the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channel and releases CGRP from sensory nerve terminals, thus increasing dermal blood flow (DBF). Using capsaicin application and electrical stimulation of the forehead skin, a trigeminal nerve-innervated dermatome, we aimed to develop a model to measure trigeminal nerve-mediated vasodilation in humans. Methods Using laser Doppler imaging, forehead DBF responses to application of capsaicin (0.06 mg/ml and 6.0 mg/ml) and saline, with and without iontophoresis, were studied in healthy subjects. The within-subject coefficient of variation (WCV) of repeated DBF measurements was calculated to assess reproducibility. Results Maximal DBF responses to 6.0 mg/ml capsaicin with and without iontophoresis did not differ (Emax 459 ± 32 and 424 ± 32 arbitrary units (a.u.), WCV 6 ± 4%). In contrast, DBF responses to 0.06 mg/ml capsaicin were significantly larger with than without iontophoresis (Emax 307 ± 60 versus 187 ± 21 a.u., WCV 21 ± 13%). Saline with iontophoresis significantly increased DBF (Emax: 245 ± 26 a.u, WCV 11 ± 8%), while saline application without iontophoresis did not affect DBF. Conclusion Topical application of capsaicin and electrical stimulation induce reproducible forehead DBF increases and therefore are suitable to study trigeminal nerve-mediated vasodilation in humans.

scholarly journals Ablation and Regeneration of Peripheral and Central TRPV1 Expressing Nerve Terminals and the Consequence of Nociception

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang-Quan Yu ◽  
Louis S. Premkumar
Keyword(s):  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Intrathecal Administration ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Intraplantar Injection ◽  
Ability To Regenerate ◽  
Transient Receptor

Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) expressed in peripheral terminals is responsible for transducing thermal and chemical nociception. Role of TRPV1 expressed in the central terminals is not clear, however, its activation modulates synaptic transmission and contributes to central sensitization. In this study, we have determined the role of TRPV1 expressed in the peripheral and central terminals using resiniferatoxin (RTX), a potent TRPV1 agonist. A single intraplantar injection of RTX, within two days induced loss of capsaicin-induced nocifensive behavior and enhanced response latency to hot plate, which recovered over a period of two months. RTX treatment resulted in the ablation of peripheral TRPV1 expressing fibers in paw skin, which regenerated over the same time period. On the other hand, a single dose of intrathecal administration of RTX, within two days caused thermal hypoalgesia. RTX treatment ablated TRPV1 expressing central sensory nerve terminals. Intriguingly, in contrast to peripheral nerve terminal regeneration that occurred within two months, the central TRPV1 expressing nerve terminals did not regenerate even after five months. The present study demonstrates that TRPV1 in the peripheral and central terminals play a role in nociception and the peripheral terminals have the ability to regenerate, whereas the central terminals do not regenerate even after five months.

scholarly journals Interactions between Chemesthesis and Taste: Role of TRPA1 and TRPV1

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3360
Author(s):  
Mee-Ra Rhyu ◽  
Yiseul Kim ◽  
Vijay Lyall
Keyword(s):  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Trpv1 Channels ◽  
Trigeminal Neurons ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Transient Receptor

In addition to the sense of taste and olfaction, chemesthesis, the sensation of irritation, pungency, cooling, warmth, or burning elicited by spices and herbs, plays a central role in food consumption. Many plant-derived molecules demonstrate their chemesthetic properties via the opening of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channels. TRPA1 and TRPV1 are structurally related thermosensitive cation channels and are often co-expressed in sensory nerve endings. TRPA1 and TRPV1 can also indirectly influence some, but not all, primary taste qualities via the release of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from trigeminal neurons and their subsequent effects on CGRP receptor expressed in Type III taste receptor cells. Here, we will review the effect of some chemesthetic agonists of TRPA1 and TRPV1 and their influence on bitter, sour, and salt taste qualities.

Intra-arterial instillation of a nociceptive agent modulate cardiorespiratory parameters involving 5-HT3 and TRPV1 receptors in anesthetized rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev K. Singh ◽  
M. S. Muthu ◽  
Ravindran Revand ◽  
M. B. Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Anesthetized Rats ◽  
Trpv1 Receptors ◽  
Perivascular Nerves ◽  
Transient Receptor

Background: Since long back, it has been a matter of discussion regarding the role of peripheral blood vessels in regulation of cardiorespiratory (CVR) system. Objective: The role of 5-HT3 and TRPV1 receptors present on perivascular nerves in elicitation of CVR reflexes was examined after intra-arterial instillation of bradykinin in urethane anesthetized rats. Materials and Methods: Femoral artery was cannulated retrogradely and was utilized for the instillation of saline/agonist/antagonist and recording of blood pressure (BP), using a double ported 24G cannula. BP, respiration and ECG were recorded for 30 min after bradykinin (1 µM) in the absence or presence of antagonists. Results: Instillation of bradykinin produced immediate hypotensive (40%), bradycardiac (17%), tachypnoeic (45%) and hyperventilatory (96%) responses of shorter latencies (5-8 s) favoring the neural mechanisms in producing the responses. In lignocaine (2%) pretreated animals, bradykinin-induced hypotensive (10%), bradycardiac (1.7%), tachypnoeic (13%) and hyperventilatory (13%) responses attenuated significantly. Pretreatment with ondansetron (100 µg/kg), 5-HT3-antagonist attenuated the hypotensive (10%), bradycardiac (1.7%), tachypnoeic (11%) and hyperventilatory (11%) responses significantly. Pretreatment with capsazepine (1 mg/kg), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1- antagonist blocked the hypotensive (5%), bradycardiac (1.2%), tachypnoeic (6%) and hyperventilatory (6%) responses significantly. Conclusion: In conclusion, presence of a nociceptive agent in the local segment of an artery evokes vasosensory reflex responses modulating CVR parameters involving TRPV1 and 5-HT3 receptors present on the perivascular sensory nerve terminals in anesthetized rats.

scholarly journals Resolvin D1 and D2 Inhibit Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 and Ankyrin 1 Ion Channel Activation on Sensory Neurons via Lipid Raft Modification

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 5019
Author(s):  
Maja Payrits ◽  
Ádám Horváth ◽  
Tünde Biró-Sütő ◽  
János Erostyák ◽  
Géza Makkai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Neurons ◽  
Lipid Raft ◽  
Cho Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Pain ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Resolvin D1 ◽  
Transient Receptor

Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 1 and Ankyrin 1 (TRPV1, TRPA1) cation channels are expressed in nociceptive primary sensory neurons and regulate nociceptor and inflammatory functions. Resolvins are endogenous lipid mediators. Resolvin D1 (RvD1) is described as a selective inhibitor of TRPA1-related postoperative and inflammatory pain in mice acting on the G protein-coupled receptor DRV1/GPR32. Resolvin D2 (RvD2) is a very potent TRPV1 and TRPA1 inhibitor in DRG neurons, and decreases inflammatory pain in mice acting on the GPR18 receptor, via TRPV1/TRPA1-independent mechanisms. We provided evidence that resolvins inhibited neuropeptide release from the stimulated sensory nerve terminals by TRPV1 and TRPA1 activators capsaicin (CAPS) and allyl-isothiocyanate (AITC), respectively. We showed that RvD1 and RvD2 in nanomolar concentrations significantly decreased TRPV1 and TRPA1 activation on sensory neurons by fluorescent calcium imaging and inhibited the CAPS- and AITC-evoked 45Ca-uptake on TRPV1- and TRPA1-expressing CHO cells. Since CHO cells are unlikely to express resolvin receptors, resolvins are suggested to inhibit channel opening through surrounding lipid raft disruption. Here, we proved the ability of resolvins to alter the membrane polarity related to cholesterol composition by fluorescence spectroscopy. It is concluded that targeting lipid raft integrity can open novel peripheral analgesic opportunities by decreasing the activation of nociceptors.

scholarly journals Sustained laryngeal transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 activation inhibits mechanically induced swallowing in anesthetized rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 319 (3) ◽  
pp. G412-G419
Author(s):  
Midori Yoshihara ◽  
Takanori Tsujimura ◽  
Taku Suzuki ◽  
Kouta Nagoya ◽  
Naru Shiraishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Evans Blue Dye ◽  
Capsaicin Application ◽  
Transient Receptor

Although a transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) inhibitor or TRPV1-expressed neuronal inhibitor significantly inhibited HCl/capsaicin-evoked swallowing, air flow-induced swallowing was not affected. The number of air flow-induced swallows was significantly reduced within 60 min of TRPV1 activation. Evans blue dye concentration in the larynx increased 60 min after capsaicin application. TPRV1 activation not only desensitizes TRPV1 but also inactivates mechanoreceptors caused by increases in vascular permeability and edema.

Heartburn Sensation in Non-Erosive Reflux Disease: Pattern of Superficial Sensory Nerves Expressing TRPV1 and Epithelial Cells Expressing ASIC3 Receptors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahsen Ustaoglu ◽  
Akinari Sawada ◽  
Chung Lee ◽  
Wei-Yi Lei ◽  
Chien-Lin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Reflux Disease ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Sensory Nerves ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Esophageal Mucosa ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin ◽  
Transient Receptor

The underlying causes of heartburn, characteristic symptom of gastro-esophageal reflux disease(GERD), remain incompletely understood. Superficial afferent innervation of the esophageal mucosa in nonerosive reflux disease(NERD) may drive nociceptive reflux perception, but its acid-sensing role has not yet been established. Transient receptor potential vanilloid subfamily member-1(TRPV1), transient receptor potential Melastatin 8(TRPM8), and acid sensing ion channel 3(ASIC3) are regulators of sensory nerve activity and could be important reflux-sensing receptors within the esophageal mucosa. We characterised TRPV1, TRPM8, and ASIC3 expression in esophageal mucosa of GERD patients. We studied 10 NERD, 10 erosive reflux disease(ERD), 7 functional heartburn(FH), and 8 Barrett's esophagus(BE) patients. Biopsies obtained from the distal esophageal mucosa were co-stained with TRPV1, TRPM8, or ASIC3, and CGRP, CD45, or E-cadherin. RNA expression of TRPV1, TRPM8, and ASIC3 was assessed using qPCR. NERD patients had significantly increased expression of TRPV1 on superficial sensory nerves compared to ERD (p=0.028) or BE (p=0.017). Deep intrapapillary nerve endings did not express TRPV1 in all phenotypes studied. ASIC3 was exclusively expressed on epithelial cells most significantly in NERD and ERD patients (p=<0.0001). TRPM8 was expressed on submucosal CD45+ leukocytes. Superficial localisation of TRPV1-immunoreactive nerves in NERD, and increased ASIC3 co-expression on epithelial cells in NERD and ERD suggests a mechanism for heartburn sensation. Esophageal epithelial cells may play a sensory role in acid reflux perception and act interdependently with TRPV1-expressing mucosal nerves to augment hypersensitivity in NERD patients, raising the enticing possibility of topical antagonists for these ion channels as a therapeutic option.

scholarly journals Modulation of Sensory Nerve Function by Insulin: Possible Relevance to Pain, Inflammation and Axon Growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bence András Lázár ◽  
Gábor Jancsó ◽  
Péter Sántha
Keyword(s):  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Axon Growth ◽  
Insulin Receptors ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Visceral Organs ◽  
Neuronal Processes ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
Immunohistochemical Studies

Insulin, besides its pivotal role in energy metabolism, may also modulate neuronal processes through acting on insulin receptors (InsRs) expressed by neurons of both the central and the peripheral nervous system. Recently, the distribution and functional significance of InsRs localized on a subset of multifunctional primary sensory neurons (PSNs) have been revealed. Systematic investigations into the cellular electrophysiology, neurochemistry and morphological traits of InsR-expressing PSNs indicated complex functional interactions among specific ion channels, proteins and neuropeptides localized in these neurons. Quantitative immunohistochemical studies have revealed disparate localization of the InsRs in somatic and visceral PSNs with a dominance of InsR-positive neurons innervating visceral organs. These findings suggested that visceral spinal PSNs involved in nociceptive and inflammatory processes are more prone to the modulatory effects of insulin than somatic PSNs. Co-localization of the InsR and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptor with vasoactive neuropeptides calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P bears of crucial importance in the pathogenesis of inflammatory pathologies affecting visceral organs, such as the pancreas and the urinary bladder. Recent studies have also revealed significant novel aspects of the neurotrophic propensities of insulin with respect to axonal growth, development and regeneration.

scholarly journals Remedia Sternutatoria over the Centuries: TRP Mediation

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1627
Author(s):  
Lujain Aloum ◽  
Eman Alefishat ◽  
Janah Shaya ◽  
Georg A. Petroianu
Keyword(s):  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Trp Channels ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Allyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Trp Channel ◽  
Nerve Terminals ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Transient Receptor

Sneezing (sternutatio) is a poorly understood polysynaptic physiologic reflex phenomenon. Sneezing has exerted a strange fascination on humans throughout history, and induced sneezing was widely used by physicians for therapeutic purposes, on the assumption that sneezing eliminates noxious factors from the body, mainly from the head. The present contribution examines the various mixtures used for inducing sneezes (remedia sternutatoria) over the centuries. The majority of the constituents of the sneeze-inducing remedies are modulators of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. The TRP channel superfamily consists of large heterogeneous groups of channels that play numerous physiological roles such as thermosensation, chemosensation, osmosensation and mechanosensation. Sneezing is associated with the activation of the wasabi receptor, (TRPA1), typical ligand is allyl isothiocyanate and the hot chili pepper receptor, (TRPV1), typical agonist is capsaicin, in the vagal sensory nerve terminals, activated by noxious stimulants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document