Incorporating Low-Stress Bicycling Connectivity into Expanded Transit Service Coverage

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812199895
Author(s):  
Ting Zuo ◽  
Heng Wei ◽  
Na Chen
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Transit Service ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Transit Services ◽  
Service Coverage ◽  
Hamilton County

The speed advantage in bicycling over walking is believed to ease first-and-last mile (F&LM) travel and expand transit service coverage. To quantitatively investigate the potential effect of using bicycle as a F&LM connector, the paper measures and compares the impacts of walking and bicycling F&LM access on transit service coverage. In the estimation of transit service coverage, F&LM travel decay functions representing the attractiveness of public transit that declines with increasing walking/biking time to access transit facilities and the spatial boundaries of transit catchment areas are developed using GPS trajectory data collected from the latest Cincinnati Household Travel Survey in Hamilton County, Ohio. Level of traffic stress is used to evaluate the bicycle suitability of streets and bike network connectivity. Based on the F&LM distance decay functions and low-stress bike network connectivity, the transit service coverage area as well as the transit-served population and employment in Hamilton County, Ohio, are estimated. Results show that more population can reach transit services and therefore employment by bicycling than walking. Meanwhile, disadvantaged groups, that is, low-income and zero-car population, can be better served by transit if using bicycle as the F&LM connector. In addition, low-stress bicycling connectivity is a significant factor determining the bicycle-transit service coverage, and a well-connected low-stress bike network with quality bikeways is crucial to guaranteeing that. These findings can be used as references to assist planners in their decision-making process to achieve better mobility and accessibility.

scholarly journals Reducing public transit compounds social vulnerabilities during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armita Kar ◽  
Andre L. Carrel ◽  
Harvey J. Miller ◽  
Huyen T. K. Le
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Transit Service ◽  
Care Access ◽  
Transit Services ◽  
Social Vulnerabilities

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted public transit services through a combination of plummeting ridership during the lockdown and subsequent budget cuts. This study investigates the equity impacts of reductions in accessibility due to public transit service cuts during COVID-19 and their association with urban sprawl. We evaluated accessibility to essential services such as grocery stores and both urgent and non-urgent health care across 22 cities across the United States in three phases during 2020: pre-lockdown, lockdown, and post-lockdown. We estimated the spatio-temporal coverage of transit service during the peak and off-peak periods in each phase. We found stark disparities in food and health care access for various socio-economic groups. Economically disadvantaged and suburban neighborhoods were more likely to lose food and health care access by public transit during COVID-19. In particular, transit service cuts worsened accessibility for population groups with multiple social vulnerabilities, such as low-income workers with zero vehicle ownership, poor households living in urban neighborhoods, and non-white populations residing in suburban neighborhoods. Moreover, our study suggests that sprawled cities experienced greater losses in access to food and health care during COVID-19 than compact cities, highlighting the influence of urban form on the functionality of transit services during crises.

Evaluating Changes in Spatial Accessibility to Airports in Turkey between 2000 and 2018

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110116
Author(s):  
Muhammed Ziya Paköz ◽  
Adem Sakarya
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Catchment Areas ◽  
Service Coverage ◽  
Regional Centers ◽  
The Given ◽  
Hub Cities

The present study aims to investigate the changes that occurred between 2000 and 2018 with regard to spatial accessibility to airports for each district in Turkey. Within this scope, first, the service coverage area of each airport within 1 to 2 h travel time by car for 2000, 2009, and 2018 using the available road networks for the given years is evaluated and each district that can reach at least one airport within 1 to 2 h by car determined. Secondly, the catchment areas of each airport are defined based on geographical distribution and the catchment populations of airports found. Thirdly, the regionalization coefficient for each airport in the given years is calculated to understand the availability of each airport by comparing the catchment area population with the number of domestic passengers. Finally, a gravity-based formula is employed to measure the spatial accessibility value of each district to the airports within the catchment area of 2 h travel time in the given years. The main findings from the study provide clues about the direction of future policies. The last airports to open have reduced the maximum distance covered, especially in eastern Turkey; consequently, airports’ catchment populations have shrunk. However, the regionalization coefficients of airports located in regional centers and hub cities have increased in consequence of the increase in the number of air passengers over the given period. In summary, travel time to main hubs and airports’ total catchment populations have had combined effects on the number of air passengers and spatial accessibility values of districts in Turkey.

scholarly journals Not Minding the Gap: Does Ride-Hailing Serve Transit Deserts?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Barajas ◽  
Anne Brown
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Service Research ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Transit Service ◽  
Employment Density ◽  
Bus Service ◽  
The City ◽  
Rail Service ◽  
Research And Policy

Transit has long connected people to opportunities but access to transit varies greatly across space. In some cases, unevenly distributed transit supply creates gaps in service that impede travelers’ abilities to cross space and access jobs or other opportunities. With the advent of ride-hailing services like Uber and Lyft, however, travelers now have a new potential to gain automobility without high car purchase costs and in the absence of reliable transit service. Research remains mixed on whether ride-hailing serves as a modal complement or substitute to transit or whether ride-hailing fills transit service needs gaps. This study measures transit supply in Chicago and compares it to ride-hailing origins and destinations to examine if ride-hailing fills existing transit service gaps. Findings reveal clustering of ride-hailing pickups and drop-offs across the City of Chicago, but that the number of ride-hailing pickups and drop-offs was most strongly associated with high neighborhood median household income rather than measures of transit supply. In bivariate analyses, transit service was not associated with ride-hailing trip ends. But after controlling for neighborhood socioeconomic status, transit dependency, population density, and employment density, we found fewer ride-hailing trips in neighborhoods where bus service dominated and significantly more ride-hailing trips where rail service was prevalent. Patterns were slightly different for overnight weekend ride-hailing pick-ups, where higher transit density predicted a greater number of trips in nearby tracts. Additional research and policy is needed to ensure that ride-hailing services provide travel options to those who need them the most and fill transit gaps in low-income communities when options to increase service are limited.

The analysis of catchment areas of metro stations using trajectory data generated by dockless shared bikes

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 101598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diao Lin ◽  
Yongping Zhang ◽  
Ruoxin Zhu ◽  
Liqiu Meng
Keyword(s):  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Catchment Areas

Cost comparison of wastewater treatment in Danubian countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Zessner ◽  
Christoph Lampert ◽  
H. Kroiss ◽  
S. Lindtner
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Cost Comparison ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus Removal ◽  
Danube Catchment ◽  
Catchment Areas

This paper investigates the costs of wastewater treatment (including sludge management) within the Danube catchment countries A, CZ, SK, HU, SL, RO, BG and UA. TK is considered as well. Additionally, the paper compares the total costs of wastewater management (including sewerage) with the incomes in the different countries. The annual costs of wastewater treatment in Austria are about 30 €/p.e. y for large plants with nitrogen and phosphorus removal. In low income countries of the Danube and Black Sea catchment areas they are at a maximum 30% lower than in Austria. However, the incomes in countries like Bulgaria, Romania or Ukraine are 85% to 90% lower. The total annual costs for wastewater management (sewer development plus treatment) amount at least to 90€/p.e. y. Considering the level of income in those countries, financing of wastewater management completely by charges of the population equivalents connected is not feasible. Therefore other approaches for financing wastewater treatment are required.

Public Transit Market Research of Low-Income Commuters Using Attitude-Based Market Segmentation Approach: Case Study of Fushun, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 2671 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Cheng ◽  
Xuewu Chen ◽  
William H. K. Lam ◽  
Shuo Yang ◽  
Da Lei
Keyword(s):  
Market Segmentation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Public Transit ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Transit Services ◽  
Segmentation Approach ◽  
Transit Market ◽  
Attitudinal Characteristics

In China, low-income commuters are usually concentrated in peripheral settlements outside downtown areas, where travel services are inadequately provided. These commuters are dependent on fewer travel options, considering their affordability. Based on the recognition that public transit is an important mode to enhance low-income commuters’ travel mobility, a comprehensive attitude-based market segmentation analysis was performed to identify distinct market segments to best serve the needs of each segment and to develop plans to increase transit usage. First, a detailed household survey was conducted in Fushun, China, to obtain commuters’ attitudes toward daily travel. Then, factor analysis was utilized to explore latent attitudinal factors. The structural equation modeling investigated the correlations between attitudes and public transit usage. The k-means clustering was then employed to partition the transit market into several subgroups. Finally, five segments of transit market with distinct attitudes were identified by three dividing variables, namely, the desire for comfort, the need for reliability, and environmental awareness. Low-income commuters in the same segment share homogeneous travel preferences while those in other segments possess different attitudes. The attitudinal characteristics, socioeconomic profile, and mode choice behavior in each segment were examined and discussed. Policies that best meet the needs of each submarket were proposed. These transit-related strategies included building a reliable operation environment, improving the level of service of existing facilities, implementing demand-response transit services, and providing public propaganda and education toward environmental protection.

Bus networks as graphs: new connectivity indicators with operational characteristics

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 788-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Quintero-Cano ◽  
Mohamed Wahba ◽  
Tarek Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
Network Connectivity ◽  
Traffic Analysis ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Transit Network ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Public Transportation System ◽  
Bus Networks ◽  
Transit Agencies

A transit network, visualized as a graph, can be evaluated using indicators such as connectivity, coverage, directness, and complexity, among others, based on the relationships between network elements. This study focuses on the analysis of interconnected and operationally complicated bus networks, a shortcoming of existing approaches tailored to simpler, metro networks. A new procedure is proposed for drawing bus networks as graphs, by disaggregating them into sub-networks at the traffic analysis zone level. As well, improved network connectivity indicators are proposed which incorporate the influence of bus operational characteristics. The effect of bus route transfers is analyzed by introducing intermediate walking transfer edges. The contribution of this research will provide transit agencies with quantitative measures to analyze the network characteristics and the related operational attributes at a zonal sub-network level across the agency’s coverage area. The proposed methodology was demonstrated by applying it to the Greater Vancouver Regional District public transportation system.

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