Lingayats and the Yearning for the ‘Language of the Gods’ in the 1910s–1940s

2021 ◽  
pp. 037698362110097
Author(s):  
Divya Komala
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Cultural Legacy ◽  
Mysore State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Princely State ◽  
Diverse Community ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Lingayats hold a distinct position in the history of Karnataka beginning with the cultural legacy from the twelfth century and continuing into the twentieth century for the prominent role in the non-Brahmin movement by deploying education as a means to achieve social mobility and to attain solidarity among the various sections of the diverse community. The possible loss of social status in the caste hierarchy in the late nineteenth century prompted Lingayat caste entities to embark on the legacy of Sanskrit scholarship that was eventually deployed to lay an unprecedented claim in Sanskrit education across the region of Kannada speaking territory. This study explores how the usage of Sanskrit for mass education by the Lingayat mathas enabled caste consolidation, by re-appropriating a Brahmanical language in Mysore state and to certain extent in the region of Bombay Karnataka. Through this exploration, it pushes us to re-consider the Brahmin-non-Brahmin binary, within which the history of education in the Mysore princely state is narrated from the late nineteenth century to the early twentieth century.

Gay Affections

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard P. Loughlin
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Gay Identity ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Gay Identities

This chapter considers how gay identities—and so gay affections—were formed in the course of the twentieth century, building on the late nineteenth-century invention of the ‘homosexual’. It also considers earlier construals of same-sex affections and the people who had them, the soft men and hard women of the first century and the sodomites of the eleventh. It thus sketches a history of continuities and discontinuities, of overlapping identities and emotional possibilities. The chapter resists the assumption that gay identity and experience can be reduced to anything less than the multitude of gay people, and that as Christians they have to give an account of themselves in a way that heterosexual Christians do not. The chapter warns against thinking gay identity undone in Christ.

Concepts of race in the Historicography of northeast Africa

1966 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wyatt Macgaffey
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Physical Anthropology ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Recent accounts of the proto-history of Africa use data from physical anthropology, but also concepts of race which physical anthropologists in general have abandoned as unsatisfactory; the paper seeks to explain this phenomenon sociologically. Late nineteenth-century political and sociological trends helped to produce patterns of thought which can no longer be regarded as affording adequate explanations of social processes. These patterns combined idealism, or the method of contrasting ideal types, with pseudo-Darwinism, which sought the origins of political development in the interaction of differently endowed groups. In African ethnography of the early twentieth century such concepts led to the view that the continent was inhabited by two groups, Caucasoids and Negroids, and by mixtures of the two which remained mixtures, to be analysed as such. The Caucasoid and Negroid types were regarded as absolute and universal, represented equally in the biological, linguistic, cultural and political aspects of man.

“Whether They Promised Each Other Some Thing Is Difficult to Work Out”: The Complicated History of Marriage in Uganda

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhiannon Stephens
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Marriage And Divorce ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
History Of Marriage

Abstract:Marriage cases discussed by Catholic missionaries in Uganda at the turn of the twentieth century showcase considerable diversity in relationships between women and men. While these cases reflect the turbulence of the late nineteenth century, the history of marriage and divorce in the region since around 700 CE demonstrates that diversity in marital arrangements was a long-standing phenomenon. This article sets out the history of aspects of marriage and divorce in Buganda, Bugwere, Busoga, and Bushana, and their ancestral communities to show how women and men conceptualized their domestic relationships and adapted them as they dealt with political and social change.

Famine and disease in the history of Angola c. 1830–1930

1981 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill R. Dias
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Cash Crops ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Rural Depopulation

In Angola, climatic instability contributed to maintaining a precarious balance between food resources, population and disease long before the nineteenth century. Periods of exceptionally irregular rainfall, lasting several years, were preceded or accompanied by plagues of locusts which caused famines at least once every decade. The coastal lowland and the extreme south were especially vulnerable. Prolonged hunger crises led to malnutrition, lowered resistance to disease and epidemic outbreaks, especially of smallpox. A rhythm of drought and smallpox can be discerned in Angola, at least since the seventeeth century. From the 1830s the gradual decline of the overseas slave trade and rise of commerce in raw materials and cash crops brought important demographic changes. These contributed to the worsening famines and epidemic crises of the late nineteenth century. Commercial instability and rural depopulation hindered the growth of Portuguese plantation prosperity. Soon after, however, similar crises aided Portuguese military conquest in Angola by weakening African ability to mobilize effective resistance. In the twentieth century malnutrition continued to be the most widespread problem of Angola's Africans and on occasion it drove them to revolt.

The Temperance Movement in India: Politics and Social Reform

1976 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 417-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Carroll
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Reform ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Temperance Movement ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth

The temperance/prohibition agitation represents a fascinating chapter in the social and political history of India which has been largely ignored. If any notice is taken of this movement, it is generally dismissed (or elevated) as an example of the uniquely Indian process of ‘sanskritization’ or as an equally unique component of ‘Gandhianism’—in spite of the fact that the liquor question has not been without political importance in the history either of England or of the United States. And in spite of the fact that the temperance agitation in India in the late nineteenth century and well into the twentieth century was intimately connected with temperance agitation in England. Indeed the temperance movement in India was organized, patronized, and instructed by English temperance agitators.

Jessie Fauset’s Not-So-New Negro Womanhood

2018 ◽  
pp. 222-247
Author(s):  
Meredith L. Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Negro ◽  
Jessie Fauset ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The One ◽  
Other Regarding

Chapter 8 responds to two prevailing arguments about the fiction of Jessie Fauset—the one labeling her work retrograde, the other regarding it as subtly subversive—by viewing the writer’s work as part of a history of long nineteenth-century representation. Countering the dominant perception of the Harlem Renaissance as a break from the past—a view that has shunted Fauset’s work to the sidelines—the essay argues that Fauset’s work explores the legacy of late-nineteenth-century US culture in the emergent modernity of the early twentieth century. Excavating the literary, cultural, and scientific tropes of feminine representation that burst from the pages of Fauset’s fiction, the essay identifies a recent literary past that informs Fauset’s constructions of her modern urban heroines.

True or False: Japonisme and the Historiography of Modern Design

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
Etienne Tornier
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Decorative Arts ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Modern Design ◽  
Early Design ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Japanese Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth

While most of the artistic trends of the late nineteenth century were indebted to the arts of Japan, their influence on western decorative arts – unlike painting – has only been acknowledged in the last quarter of the twentieth century. Early design historians, such as Nikolaus Pevsner (1936), hardly mentioned Japan in their works, although they recognized the importance of Christopher Dresser and the Arts & Crafts movement. Though this absence has been most commonly attributed to this authors’ involvement in contemporary design, this paper argues that their studies relied on many of their predecessors’ biased view on the artistic phenomenon. By drawing a distinction between a “good” vs. “bad” interpretation of Japanese art, their writings participated in the formation of a certain history of modern design.


Translating Domesticity in Chinese History and Historiography

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 1278-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth LaCouture
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Pedagogical Practices ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Chinese History ◽  
Gender History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Anglo American

Abstract This article examines knowledge about “domesticity” in China in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and argues against the naturalization of Euro-American historiographical frameworks around “domesticity.” “Domesticity” was not a Chinese concept: although Confucianism had long connected the household to the state through ideology and prescriptive practices, Anglo-American ideas about “domesticity” were translated into Chinese first by way of Japan in the late nineteenth century, and second by way of American missionary educators in the twentieth century. “Domesticity” did not translate easily into Chinese, however; neither the ideology nor its pedagogical practices ever became popular in China. The history of translating “domesticity” into Chinese thus reveals that Euro-American historiographical terms that were once thought to be universal map poorly onto other places and suggests that we need more inclusive frames for comparative gender history.

Queering Brighton

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Whiteley
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Local History ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Queer Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The 1960S

Every place has its local history of queerness, as shown in this chronicle of queerness in Brighton, England. The author sketches an account of Brighton’s non-normative sexual practices and sexually dissident residents and visitors, especially from the late nineteenth century on. The discussion identifies many gay clubs and other sites of queer community. Two examples illustrate aspects of mid-twentieth-century queer culture: the 1960s radio comedy “Round the Horne,” rich in camp humor and using the queer underground language Polari; and a recent poem by Brighton poet John McCullough that shows nostalgic affection for Polari. The author includes information about her own initiation into the gay world of Brighton. The queer culture of Brighton has produced extensive historical and present-day local self-documentation on websites, which provides much of the information for this discussion.

scholarly journals Regression and the Maternal in the History of Psychoanalysis, 1900–1957

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaul Bar-Haim
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
British Society ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Short History ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This paper examines the history of the concept of ‘regression’ as it was perceived by Sandor Ferenczi and some of his followers in the first half of the twentieth century. The first part provides a short history of the notion of ‘regression’ from the late nineteenth century to Ferenczi's work in the 1920s and 1930s. The second and third parts of the paper focus on two other thinkers on regression, who worked in Britain, under the influence of the Ferenczian paradigm – the interwar Scottish psychiatrist, Ian D. Suttie; and the British-Hungarian psychoanalyst, and Ferenczi's most important pupil, Michael Balint. Rather than a descriptive term which comes to designate a pathological mental stage, Ferenczi understood ‘regression’ as a much more literal phenomenon. For him, the mental desire to go backwards in time is a universal one, and a consequence of an inevitable traumatic separation from the mother in early childhood, which has some deep personal and cultural implications. The paper aims to show some close affinities between the preoccupation of some psychoanalysts with ‘regression’, and the growing interest in social and cultural aspects of ‘motherhood’ and ‘the maternal role’ in mid-twentieth-century British society.

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