Reconstruction of Anal Function by Transposed Gracilis Muscle with Electral Stimulation: Rabbit Model

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 240-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Shatari ◽  
Y. Sugiyama ◽  
T. Teramoto ◽  
M. Kitajima ◽  
H. Minamitani
Keyword(s):  
White Male ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Fecal Continence ◽  
Gracilis Muscle ◽  
Conditioning Group ◽  
Tetanic Contraction ◽  
Anal Function ◽  
Basal Pressure ◽  
Resting Pressure

For the reconstruction of anal function for fecally incontinent patients, it could be practicable to transpose the gracilis muscle around the anal canal, with electrical stimulation to maintain contraction. It is necessary to keep continuous tonus, so tetanic contraction or “summation” would be essential for fecal continence, with a stimulation which permits prolonged contraction. Transposition of the gracilis muscle around the rectum was performed in thirteen Japanese white male rabbits. The muscles of the conditioning group (n=8) were stimulated at 10 Hz for 6 weeks before the procedure. By stimulation at 15 Hz, a low frequency to permit prolonged contraction, the neoanal pressure increased maximally to 134.2 ± 55.6 cmH2O (mean ± s.d.) in the conditioning group, and to 115.0 ± 37.1 cmH2O in the non-conditionin group (n=5) (N.S.). But, the basal pressure with stimulation rose 82.3 ± 12.4% (mean ± s.d.) of the increase in the conditioning group, while that of the non-conditioning group remained at resting pressure (p<0.001). The conditioning made it possible for the rabbit's gracilis muscle to create anal pressure with a sufficient rise in the basal pressure at a frequency permitting prolonged contraction.

Is fecal continence improved by nonstimulated gracilis muscle transposition?

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 979-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Luc Faucheron ◽  
Laurent Hannoun ◽  
Cyril Thome ◽  
Rolland Parc
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Continence ◽  
Gracilis Muscle ◽  
Muscle Transposition

NO synthesis is involved in structural and functional effects of ACE inhibitors in injured arteries

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (1) ◽  
pp. H298-H305 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Van Belle ◽  
B. Vallet ◽  
J. L. Auffray ◽  
C. Bauters ◽  
M. Hamon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Ace Inhibitors ◽  
Intimal Hyperplasia ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Ace Inhibitor ◽  
White Male ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Balloon Injury

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce intimal hyperplasia after balloon injury. A role for nitric oxide (NO) has been suggested in this effect. Because recent data suggest that NO may modulate some features of endothelial cells and because endothelial cells are involved in the control of intimal hyperplasia, we investigated the role of NO synthesis in the effect of an ACE inhibitor, perindopril, on neoendothelial dysfunction and intimal hyperplasia in a rabbit model of unilateral iliac balloon injury. New Zealand White male rabbits received placebo, perindopril, or cotreatment with perindopril and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and were evaluated 4 wk after the injury. Fifteen rabbits (5 in each group) were used to assess in vitro vasoreactivity and twenty-four (8 in each group) for morphometric analysis. In injured vessels, neoendothelium-dependent relaxation in ACE inhibitor-treated animals was improved compared with placebo (P < 0.05) and restored to the level of noninjured vessels (NS). The improvement observed with ACE inhibitor was abolished by cotreatment with L-NAME (P < 0.05). In the same vessels, no effect was observed on neoendothelium-independent vasoreactivity. The improved neoendothelial dysfunction with ACE inhibitor was associated with a 66% reduction in intimal thickening (P < 0.01). The effect was also reversed by cotreatment with L-NAME (P < 0.01). In noninjured vessels, treatment did not alter vasoreactivity or morphology of the vessel wall. These results suggest that NO synthesis may play a key role in the improvement of vascular function seen with ACE inhibitor in balloon-injured vessels.

Effect of intracisternal antithrombin III on subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced arterial narrowing

1989 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis G. Vollmer ◽  
Kazuhiro Hongo ◽  
Neal F. Kassell ◽  
Hisayuki Ogawa ◽  
Tetsuya Tsukahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Antithrombin Iii ◽  
White Male ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

✓ The ability of antithrombin III, an endogenous plasma glycoprotein, to reverse the arterial narrowing in a rabbit model of cerebral vasospasm was evaluated. The vasodilator activity of antithrombin III on rabbit arteries was first assessed in vitro using a myograph-arterial ring preparation. Antithrombin III (10 IU/ml) induced a 55.4% ± 2.66% (mean ± standard error of the mean) relaxation in basilar artery precontracted with serotonin (5-HT) in five specimens as compared with a 9.8% ± 1.6% relaxation of common carotid artery in six specimens. For in vivo analysis, 21 New Zealand White male rabbits were separated into three groups: Group 1 served as normal controls; Group 2 received a subarachnoid blood injection (SAH) and were sacrificed on Day 3 thereafter; and Group 3 animals were subjected to SAH, then received a 2-hour intracisternal infusion of antithrombin III (100 IU) in saline prior to sacrifice on Day 3. Basilar artery caliber was determined using a morphometric method to analyze perfusion-fixed arterial segments. Control basilar artery diameter in Group 1 was 0.64 ± 0.02 mm. In Group 2 a 27% reduction in arterial caliber to 0.47 ± 0.03 mm was observed by Day 3 post SAH (p < 0.0001). Group 3 animals had a mean basilar artery diameter of 0.68 ± 0.02 mm. This was significantly larger than the untreated SAH rabbits in Group 2 (p < 0.0001), but not different from control artery diameters in Group 1. The findings demonstrate that antithrombin III in saline has a significant ability to reverse delayed narrowing of the rabbit basilar artery after SAH.

scholarly journals Comparative Efficacies of Terbinafine and Fluconazole in Treatment of Experimental Coccidioidal Meningitis in a Rabbit Model

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 3087-3091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin N. Sorensen ◽  
Raymond A. Sobel ◽  
Karl V. Clemons ◽  
Leilani Calderon ◽  
Kimberley J. Howell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Treatment ◽  
White Male ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Coccidioides Immitis ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol 200 ◽  
Leukocyte Counts

ABSTRACT A rabbit model of coccidioidal meningitis was used to compare the therapeutic efficacies of terbinafine (TBF) and fluconazole (FCZ). Hydrocortisone acetate-treated New Zealand White male rabbits were infected intracisternally with either 2.2 × 104 or 6.4 × 104 Coccidioides immitisarthroconidia. Oral treatment with polyethylene glycol 200 (PEG) twice daily (n = 8), TBF twice daily (n = 9; 200 mg/kg of body weight/day), or FCZ once daily (n= 8; 80 mg/kg/day) began on day 5 and continued for 21 days. Mean survival times were 20, 24, and 32 days for rabbits treated with PEG, TBF, and FCZ, respectively. All of the FCZ-treated animals (100%;P = 0.003), 56% of the TBF-treated animals (P = 0.4), and 25% of the PEG-treated animals survived the length of the study. Both FCZ and TBF were effective at reducing the incidence of paresis. Only FCZ was effective at reducing most neurological and systemic signs. FCZ treatments resulted in lower cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein concentrations and leukocyte counts and faster clearing of CSF fungal cultures compared with those for PEG-treated controls, but TBF treatments had no significant effect on these parameters. Neither drug affected CSF glucose levels. Mean serum TBF levels by bioassay were within the range of 3.5 to 6.2 μg/ml at 1, 2, and 4 h postdosing and 0.35 to 7.0 μg/ml at 14 h postdosing. No TBF was detected in CSF. Mean FCZ levels (24 to 25.5 h postdosing) by bioassay were 16.4 to 19.2 and 13.5 to 19.2 μg/ml in serum and CSF, respectively. The reduction in the numbers of CFU in the spinal cord and brain was over 100-fold (P= 0.0005) in FCZ-treated animals and 2-fold (P ≤ 0.2) in TBF-treated animals compared with those in PEG-treated animals. Histopathologic severity (semiquantitative scoring system) was significantly attenuated by FCZ treatment (P = 0.05) and was slightly attenuated by TBF treatment compared with that for the controls. In conclusion, TBF appeared to have a slight effect on survival, histology, and reduction of the numbers of CFU in tissue; however, these effects were not significant. FCZ was effective at controlling coccidioidal meningitis.

scholarly journals Comparative effects of amiodarone and dronedarone treatments on cardiac function in a rabbit model

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-351
Author(s):  
Worakan Boonhoh ◽  
Anusak Kijtawornrat ◽  
Suwanakiet Sawangkoon
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Contractility ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Negative Inotropic Effect ◽  
Frequency Component ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Time To Peak ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Frequency Domains

Aim: The objective of the study was to compare the effects of amiodarone (AM) and dronedarone (DR) on heart rate variability (HRV) and cardiac contractility in a rabbit model. Materials and Methods: A total of 16 male New Zealand white rabbits were divided into two groups, treated either with AM or DR at incremental dosages of 50 mg/kg/day (AM50 and DR50) and 100 mg/kg/day (AM100 and DR100), orally administrated for 7 days. At the end of each period, electrocardiograms were recorded during consciousness and analyzed using the short-term time and frequency domains of HRV. Standard echocardiography and speckle-tracking echocardiography were studied during immobilization with xylazine and ketamine. Results: The results showed that AM100 and DR100 significantly decreased heart rate, total power, low-frequency component, and low-to-high frequency ratio compared with baselines. Most echocardiogram parameters revealed no significant difference from baselines, except for the global circumferential plane strain rate and time to peak standard deviation of strain, which had statistical significances after treating with AM. Conclusion: Both AM and DR possess negative chronotropy and reduce HRV, which may be explained by their sympathetic suppression and calcium channel blocking activities. Theoretically, both antiarrhythmic drugs may also possess negative inotropy, but only AM is shown to have a negative inotropic effect and reduces cardiac dyssynchrony in this model.

Attenuation of reactive and active hyperemia by sympathetic stimulation in dog gracilis muscle

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (6) ◽  
pp. H1183-H1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Klabunde
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Arterial Occlusion ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Sympathetic Stimulation ◽  
Tetanic Contraction ◽  
Contraction Duration ◽  
Muscle Ischemia ◽  
Frequency Of Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

The effects of sympathetic stimulation (SS) on reactive hyperemia (RH) and active hyperemia (AH) were evaluated in dog gracilis muscles. Sympathetic nerves to the muscle vasculature were activated by electrical stimulation of the obturator nerve during neuromuscular blockade. The frequency of stimulation was adjusted to decrease control conductance by 50%. RH responses to 1 and 5 min of arterial occlusion and AH after 1, 4, 7, and 10 s of tetanic contraction (direct muscle stimulation) at 30% maximal tensions were recorded in the absence and presence of SS. RH peak conductance (Cp), recovery half-time (T0.5), and excess flow (EQ) were significantly attenuated by SS at both occlusion durations. The change in conductance (delta C) during RH was not altered by SS, since the absolute reductions in control and peak conductances were not different. The Cp of AH was reduced at each contraction duration while the delta C was reduced only with 1-s contractions. The T0.5 and EQ of AH were not affected by SS. The data demonstrate that low frequency SS limits the degree of vasodilation associated with both muscle ischemia and tetanic contraction. Furthermore, the more pronounced effects of SS on RH suggest that there is greater inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstrictor influences associated with muscle contraction than muscle ischemia possibly due to the production of a substance during contraction, but not ischemia, that antagonizes sympathetic vasoconstrictor mechanisms.

scholarly journals DO CHANGES IN ANAL SPHINCTER ANATOMY CORRELATE WITH ANAL FUNCTION IN WOMEN WITH A HISTORY OF VAGINAL DELIVERY?

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sthela Maria MURAD-REGADAS ◽  
Iris Daiana DEALCANFREITAS ◽  
Francisco Sergio Pinheiro REGADAS ◽  
Lusmar Veras RODRIGUES ◽  
Graziela Olivia da Silva FERNANDES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Incontinence ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anal Function ◽  
Sphincter Defects ◽  
Resting Pressure ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function

Objectives To evaluate anal sphincter anatomy using three-dimensional ultrasonography (3-DAUS) in incontinent women with vaginal delivery, correlate anatomical findings with symptoms of fecal incontinence and determine the effect of vaginal delivery on anal canal anatomy and function. Methods Female with fecal incontinence and vaginal delivery were assessed with Wexner’s score, manometry, and 3DAUS. A control group comprising asymptomatic nulliparous was included. Anal pressure, the angle of the defect and length of the external anal sphincter (EAS), the anterior and posterior internal anal sphincter (IAS), the EAS + puborectal and the gap were measured and correlated with score. Results Of the 62, 49 had fecal incontinence and 13 were asymptomatic. Twenty five had EAS defects, 8 had combined EAS+IAS defects, 16 had intact sphincters and continence scores were similar. Subjects with sphincter defects had a shorter anterior EAS, IAS and longer gap than women without defects. Those with a vaginal delivery and intact sphincters had a shorter anterior EAS and longer gap than nulliparous. We found correlations between resting pressure and anterior EAS and IAS length in patients with defects. Conclusions Avaliar a anatomia do esfíncter anal usando ultra-sonografia tridimensional (3D-US) em mulheres incontinentes com parto vaginal, correlacionar os achados anatômicos com sintomas de incontinência fecal e, determinar o efeito do parto vaginal sobre a anatomia e função do canal anal.

Participation of H1 and H2 histamine receptors in physiological vasodilator responses

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (4) ◽  
pp. 1002-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Powell ◽  
MJ Brody
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Histamine Receptor ◽  
Gracilis Muscle ◽  
Receptor Blockade ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Stimulation ◽  
H2 Receptors ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Temporary Occlusion

Histamine causes vasodilation in the dog by activation of H1 and H2 receptors blocked by mepyramine and metiamide, respectively. Experiments were conducted in anesthetized dogs to determine the participation of H1 and H2 receptors in several forms of physiological dilatation. Mepyramine attenuated both histamine-induced and active-reflex dilatation in the hindlimb. Metiamide caused a further reduction in both sets of dilatation. Neither single nor combined antihistamines reduced dilatation due to exercise or after temporary occlusion of the circulation in the hindlimb. Poststimulation dilatation in the gracilis muscle was partially attenuated by metiamide or mepyramine. Neither dilatation caused by sympathetic nerve stimulation in the hindpaw nor dilatation in the gracilis muscle caused by compound 48/80 was reduced by mepyramine. Following combined H1- and H2-receptor blockade, portions of both types of dilatation were reduced. These data provide evidence for the participation of both types of histamine receptor in active reflex dilatation, low-frequency neurogenic dilatation, dilatation caused by compound 48/80, and poststimulation dilatation. Neither type of histamine receptor appears to be involved in reactive hyperemia or dilatation caused by exercise.

scholarly journals Upper esophageal sphincter resting pressure varies during esophageal manometry

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Tavares REZENDE ◽  
Fernando A. M. HERBELLA ◽  
Luciana C. SILVA ◽  
Sebastião PANOCCHIA-NETO ◽  
Marco G. PATTI
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Esophageal Manometry ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Sphincter Pressure ◽  
High Resolution Manometry ◽  
Basal Pressure ◽  
Resting Pressure ◽  
Esophageal Sphincter

BACKGROUND: The upper esophageal sphincter is composed of striated muscle. The stress of intubation and the need to inhibit dry swallows during an esophageal manometry test may lead to variations in basal pressure of this sphincter. Upper esophageal sphincter is usually only studied at the final part of the test. Was observed during the performance of high resolution manometry that sphincter pressure may vary significantly over the course of the test. AIM: To evaluate the variation of the resting pressure of the upper esophageal sphincter during high resolution manometry. METHODS: Was evaluated the variation of the basal pressure of the upper esophageal sphincter during high resolution manometry. Were reviewed the high resolution manometry tests of 36 healthy volunteers (mean age 31 years, 55% females). The basal pressure of the upper esophageal sphincter was measured at the beginning and at the end of a standard test. RESULTS: The mean time of the test was eight minutes. The basal pressure of the upper esophageal sphincter was 100 mmHg at the beginning of the test and 70 mmHg at the end (p<0.001). At the beginning, one patient had hypotonic upper esophageal sphincter and 14 hypertonic. At the end of the test, one patient had hypotonic upper esophageal sphincter (same patient as the beginning) and seven hypertonic upper esophageal sphincter. CONCLUSION: A significant variation of the basal pressure of the upper esophageal sphincter was observed in the course of high resolution manometry. Probably, the value obtained at the end of the test may be more clinically relevant.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document