scholarly journals DO CHANGES IN ANAL SPHINCTER ANATOMY CORRELATE WITH ANAL FUNCTION IN WOMEN WITH A HISTORY OF VAGINAL DELIVERY?

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sthela Maria MURAD-REGADAS ◽  
Iris Daiana DEALCANFREITAS ◽  
Francisco Sergio Pinheiro REGADAS ◽  
Lusmar Veras RODRIGUES ◽  
Graziela Olivia da Silva FERNANDES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Incontinence ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Anal Function ◽  
Sphincter Defects ◽  
Resting Pressure ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Function

Objectives To evaluate anal sphincter anatomy using three-dimensional ultrasonography (3-DAUS) in incontinent women with vaginal delivery, correlate anatomical findings with symptoms of fecal incontinence and determine the effect of vaginal delivery on anal canal anatomy and function. Methods Female with fecal incontinence and vaginal delivery were assessed with Wexner’s score, manometry, and 3DAUS. A control group comprising asymptomatic nulliparous was included. Anal pressure, the angle of the defect and length of the external anal sphincter (EAS), the anterior and posterior internal anal sphincter (IAS), the EAS + puborectal and the gap were measured and correlated with score. Results Of the 62, 49 had fecal incontinence and 13 were asymptomatic. Twenty five had EAS defects, 8 had combined EAS+IAS defects, 16 had intact sphincters and continence scores were similar. Subjects with sphincter defects had a shorter anterior EAS, IAS and longer gap than women without defects. Those with a vaginal delivery and intact sphincters had a shorter anterior EAS and longer gap than nulliparous. We found correlations between resting pressure and anterior EAS and IAS length in patients with defects. Conclusions Avaliar a anatomia do esfíncter anal usando ultra-sonografia tridimensional (3D-US) em mulheres incontinentes com parto vaginal, correlacionar os achados anatômicos com sintomas de incontinência fecal e, determinar o efeito do parto vaginal sobre a anatomia e função do canal anal.

scholarly journals IIIB-IV Degree Perineal Rupture Repair Using Overlapping and End-to-End Techniques with Pudendal Block Anesthesia

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuring Pangastuti ◽  
Junizaf Junizaf ◽  
Ibnu Pranoto ◽  
Budi I Santoso ◽  
Tyas Priyatini
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Incontinence ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Anal Incontinence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sphincter Defects ◽  
Anal Sphincter Defects ◽  
End To End ◽  
Successful Repair ◽  
Fecal Urgency

Objective: To compare the incidence of persistent sonographic anal sphincter defect, fecal urgency, anal and fecal incontinence after IIIb- IV degree perineal rupture repair using overlapping and end-to-end technique. Method: An open clinical trial with randomization was carried out in July 2010-April 2012. The population consisted of the patients who underwent vaginal delivery in Dr. Sardjito Central General Hospital, Sleman District General Hospital, as well as Tegalrejo, Jetis and Mergangsan Community Health Centers who did no have complaints of fecal urgency, anal incontinence, and/or fecal incontinence, and suffered IIIb-IV degree perineal rupture repaired within less than 24 hours of rupture. The exclusion criteria included conditions in which patients could not undergo repair at the moment (shock, uncooperative patient). Fourty-eight research samples were divided into 2 groups, 24 samples for each of the treatment group (overlapping repair) and the control group (end-to-end repair). Local anesthesia was performed in a pudendal-block manner. Result: Success of the repair was assessed based on the presence of persistent sonographic anal sphincter defects in the 6-week evaluation after repair. Successful repair was higher in the overlapping group than that of the end-to-end group (94.74% vs 81.25%, p=0.31). Clinically and based on the Fecal Continence Scoring Scale (FCSS), evaluation at weeks II and VI indicated successful repair in both groups. Conclusion: There was no difference in the incidence of persistent sonographic anal sphincter defects, fecal urgency, anal incontinence, and fecal incontinence, after IIIb-IV degree perineal rupture repair using overlapping technique in comparison with end-to-end technique. Keywords: end-to-end technique, III-IV degree perineal rupture, obstetric perineal rupture, overlapping technique

Pubovisceral muscle and anal sphincter defects in women with fecal or urinary incontinence after vaginal delivery

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Murad-Regadas ◽  
F. S. P. Regadas ◽  
F. S. P. R. Filho ◽  
L. B. Borges ◽  
A. da Silva Vilarinho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Sphincter Defects ◽  
Anal Sphincter Defects

scholarly journals Anal sphincter structure and function relationships in aging and fecal incontinence

2009 ◽  
Vol 200 (5) ◽  
pp. 559.e1-559.e5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Lewicky-Gaupp ◽  
Quinn Hamilton ◽  
James Ashton-Miller ◽  
Markus Huebner ◽  
John O.L. DeLancey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Incontinence ◽  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Virtual paleontology: computer-aided analysis of fossil form and function

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran A. Rahman ◽  
Selena Y. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fossil Plants ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Micro Tomography ◽  
And Function

‘Virtual paleontology’ entails the use of computational methods to assist in the three-dimensional (3-D) visualization and analysis of fossils, and has emerged as a powerful approach for research on the history of life. Three-dimensional imaging techniques allow poorly understood or previously unknown anatomies of fossil plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates, as well as microfossils and trace fossils, to be described in much greater detail than formerly possible, and are applicable to a wide range of preservation types and specimen sizes (Table 1). These methods include non-destructive high-resolution scanning technologies such as conventional X-ray micro-tomography and synchrotron-based X-ray tomography. In addition, form and function can be rigorously investigated through quantitative analysis of computer models, for example finite-element analysis.

Tu1776 Anorectal Neuropathy and Anal Sphincter Defects: Independent or Associated Risk Factors in Fecal Incontinence

2016 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. S941-S942
Author(s):  
Tanisa Patcharatrakul ◽  
Mercedes Amieva-Balmori ◽  
Amol Sharma ◽  
Annie DeWitt ◽  
Satish S. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fecal Incontinence ◽  
Anal Sphincter ◽  
Sphincter Defects ◽  
Anal Sphincter Defects ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

scholarly journals A Combination of Hand-held Models and Computer Imaging Programs Helps Students Answer Oral Questions about Molecular Structure and Function: A Controlled Investigation of Student Learning

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Harris ◽  
Ronald F. Peck ◽  
Shannon Colton ◽  
Jennifer Morris ◽  
Elias Chaibub Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Student Learning ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Control Group ◽  
And Function ◽  
And Control ◽  
Biology Laboratory ◽  
Computer Imagery

We conducted a controlled investigation to examine whether a combination of computer imagery and tactile tools helps introductory cell biology laboratory undergraduate students better learn about protein structure/function relationships as compared with computer imagery alone. In all five laboratory sections, students used the molecular imaging program, Protein Explorer (PE). In the three experimental sections, three-dimensional physical models were made available to the students, in addition to PE. Student learning was assessed via oral and written research summaries and videotaped interviews. Differences between the experimental and control group students were not found in our typical course assessments such as research papers, but rather were revealed during one-on-one interviews with students at the end of the semester. A subset of students in the experimental group produced superior answers to some higher-order interview questions as compared with students in the control group. During the interview, students in both groups preferred to use either the hand-held models alone or in combination with the PE imaging program. Students typically did not use any tools when answering knowledge (lower-level thinking) questions, but when challenged with higher-level thinking questions, students in both the control and experimental groups elected to use the models.

Temporal bone Pneumatization in Otosclerosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 850-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel T. Ganc ◽  
Robert W. Jyung
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Neck Surgery ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Temporal Bone Pneumatization ◽  
History Of ◽  
Temporal Bones

Objectives To determine whether there is a difference in the pneumatization of temporal bones with otosclerosis versus normal temporal bones. Methods A retrospective study of 46 ears from 24 adult patients with otosclerosis and 64 ears from 47 adult patients in a control group. The study group included temporal bone CT scans available from patients with otosclerosis. The control group consisted of patients who had temporal bone CTs for reasons likely unrelated to a history of middle ear disease. Data were obtained with a virtual reality system that allows three-dimensional manipulation and analysis. Results The temporal bone pneumatization for the otosclerosis group was 4.82 ± 2.27 cm3 vs 6.06 ± 2.71 cm3 for the control group. Two-sample t test analysis revealed no statistical significance ( P = 0.059) between pneumatization in the control vs otosclerosis groups. Conclusion There is no difference in temporal bone pneumatization between patients with otosclerosis and a control population. Therefore, temporal bone pneumatization by itself is not an adequate explanation for the apparent protective effect of otosclerosis against otitis media. © 2008 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.

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