Life-cycle cost as basis to optimize waste collection in space and time: A methodology for obtaining a detailed cost breakdown structure

Extensive research has been carried out on waste collection costs mainly to differentiate costs of distinct waste streams and spatial optimization of waste collection services (e.g. routes, number, and location of waste facilities). However, waste collection managers also face the challenge of optimizing assets in time, for instance deciding when to replace and how to maintain, or which technological solution to adopt. These issues require a more detailed knowledge about the waste collection services’ cost breakdown structure. The present research adjusts the methodology for buildings’ life-cycle cost (LCC) analysis, detailed in the ISO 15686-5:2008, to the waste collection assets. The proposed methodology is then applied to the waste collection assets owned and operated by a real municipality in Portugal (Cascais Ambiente – EMAC). The goal is to highlight the potential of the LCC tool in providing a baseline for time optimization of the waste collection service and assets, namely assisting on decisions regarding equipment operation and replacement.

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The Role of Cost Breakdown Structure in Life Cycle Cost Model

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v74.4531 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 74 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ooi Chu Hui ◽

Abdul Hakim Mohammed

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Life Cycle Cost ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Single Phase ◽

Cost Model ◽

Pipeline Networks ◽

Useful Life ◽

Cost Breakdown Structure ◽

Cost Breakdown

This paper highlights the basic process of developing a life cycle cost model and the role of cost breakdown structure for water distribution pipeline networks. A life cycle cost is the total cost of owning an asset during its predicted useful life, while a cost breakdown structure illustrates all the costs emerged in each single phase of the asset’s life cycle cost. Its purpose is to identify, define and organize all cost elements to be taken into account in a life cycle cost. Each cost element included in developing a cost breakdown structure will also be discussed in this paper.

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A Linkage Method for the Life Cycle Cost Breakdown Structure through an Analysis of Boundary Conditions

Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction ◽

10.5345/jkibc.2013.13.4.321 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 321-332

Author(s):

Jae-Hyuk Jeong ◽

Tae-Hui Kim

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Boundary Conditions ◽

Life Cycle Cost ◽

Linkage Method ◽

Cost Breakdown Structure ◽

Cost Breakdown

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Life Cycle Cost Breakdown Structure Development of Buildings through Delphi Analysis

Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction ◽

10.5345/jkibc.2012.12.5.528 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 528-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jae-Hyuk Jeong ◽

Han-Woo Shin ◽

Han-Guk Ryu ◽

Gwang-Hee Kim ◽

Tae-Hui Kim

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Life Cycle Cost ◽

Structure Development ◽

Cost Breakdown Structure ◽

Cost Breakdown ◽

Delphi Analysis

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Life Cycle Cost Breakdown Structure

Whitehall Papers ◽

10.1080/02681309609414622 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 60-63

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Life Cycle Cost ◽

Cost Breakdown Structure ◽

Cost Breakdown

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Radwaste Treatment Center

Technological Engineering ◽

10.2478/teen-2013-0020 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 36-39

Author(s):

Petr Pospíšil

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Life Cycle Cost ◽

Waste Treatment ◽

Treatment Center ◽

Combined Processes ◽

Waste Streams ◽

Free Standing ◽

Simulation And Optimization ◽

Treatment Equipment ◽

Treatment Technologies

Abstract Radioactive waste is produced during the NPP operation as well as the NPP dismantling and decommissioning phase. Different kinds of waste with different volumes, volume generation rates, properties and compositions have to be handled and treated according to the regulations of the corresponding country. The various waste streams arising especially during D&D activities require versatile treatment approaches to satisfy regulatory requirements and customer needs. Westinghouse has over 30 years of experience in the design, erection and commissioning of radwaste treatment equipment and facilities with special attention on waste volume reduction and minimization of secondary waste generation applied in projects, concepts and studies around the world. Minimization of the total life cycle cost for waste treatment and disposal is a key item for the application of economically viable solutions based on combined processes and integrated waste treatment systems. The ability of enhanced system design and flexible single process combination to form an optimized waste treatment center is crucial to set up the best process configuration with regard to lowest life cycle cost. Westinghouse’s experience in the field of radwaste treatment as well as the application of proven treatment technologies ensures the ability to form a customized radwaste treatment center, either integrated in an existing facility or as a new, free standing building that provides all relevant transport and handling equipment, interfaces, treatment equipment and temporary storage for waste packages. Starting with the identification of the waste streams and assessment of various treatment concepts together with the Customers, the best waste treatment concept that covers all relevant waste streams will be assessed and proposed, e.g. by using the Westinghouse Simulation and Optimization software tool. A typical example for combined waste treatment technologies is the Westinghouse Site Radwaste Treatment Facility in Sanmen (China) as well as concept variations of the SRTF for other reactors (e.g. ABWR, VVER, etc). The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview on the Westinghouse experience to design and optimize waste treatment facilities for various types of reactors under operation or post operation/D&D condition.

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Food waste generation in a university and the handling efficiency of a university catering facility-scale automatic collection system

Facilities ◽

10.1108/f-01-2021-0002 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Kwok Wai Mui ◽

Ling Tim Wong ◽

Tsz-Wun Tsang ◽

Yin Hei Chiu ◽

Kai-Wing Lai

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Food Waste ◽

Life Cycle Cost ◽

Small Scale ◽

Waste Collection ◽

Collection System ◽

Content Type ◽

Ideal System ◽

Operational Expenditure ◽

Waste Handling

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the generation of food waste in a university and the handling efficiency of an automatic waste collection system. Design/methodology/approach The quantity of food waste generated and collected from a university canteen was surveyed. The food waste handling efficiencies using manual collection strategy and automated food waste collection system were determined by the density of food waste. Life-cycle costing analysis was done to evaluate the economic impacts of various food waste collection methods. Findings As compared with the manual collection approach, the automatic system can improve the food waste handling efficiency by 30% (from 0.01 to 0.007 bin kg−1) and reduce the water use by 20% (from 0.512 to 0.406 L kg−1); however, it also consumes 4.4 times more energy (from 0.005 to 0.027 kWh kg−1). Under ideal system operation, the 10-year cost of food waste collection was significantly reduced from $3.45 kg−1 in the manual collection to $1.79 kg−1, and the payback period of the system collection was 1.9 years without discount. Practical implications The outcomes of this study show that an automatic food waste collection system is feasible, and it is recommended for small- and medium-sized catering facilities (e.g. canteens and food courts) to improve food waste handling efficiency. This study also provides useful reference data of automatic food waste collection systems for planning food waste management programs for catering facilities. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the waste handling efficiency, operational expenditure and life-cycle cost of a small-scale automatic food waste collection system.

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Co-digestion of algae biomass for production of biogas and fertilizer: Life Cycle Cost Analysis

Environment Technology Resources Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference ◽

10.17770/etr2015vol2.627 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 284

Author(s):

Dzintra Slisane ◽

Francesco Romagnoli ◽

Agris Kamenders ◽

Ivars Veidenbergs ◽

Dagnija Blumberga

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Life Cycle Cost ◽

Life Cycle Costs ◽

Life Cycle Cost Analysis ◽

Cost Category ◽

Algae Biomass ◽

Cost Breakdown Structure ◽

Total Life ◽

Design Construction

The purpose of this article is to determine and assess<em> </em>Life Cycle Costs of biogas and fertilizer produced in anaerobic digestion of biomass. General Cost Breakdown Structure for anaerobic digestion plant is described for better understanding of the system. Main cost categories discussed in this study are: Investments; Design, construction and dismantling costs; Maintenance, Operation and Transportation costs. Results showed that Design, construction and dismantling costs have the biggest share in Total Life Cycle Cost (TLCC) per cubic meter of biogas. This category also has the biggest influence on TLCC of fertilizer. Investment costs are the second most significant cost category.

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Life Cycle Cost Analysis and Optimization of Modular Substation

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/201913601049 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 136 ◽

pp. 01049

Author(s):

Li Jun ◽

Zhang Fan ◽

Li Yinyuan ◽

Zhang Beibei

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Life Cycle Cost ◽

Cost Optimization ◽

Production Costs ◽

Life Cycle Cost Analysis ◽

Production Scale ◽

Literature Reading ◽

High Production ◽

Cost Breakdown Structure ◽

The Cost

Due to the lack of high standardization and specialization, the production scale of modular substation is difficult to meet the established requirements. Compared with traditional substation construction, there are still practical problems such as high production costs. Therefore, it is still difficult to promote modular substation. Considering the life cycle of modular substation project, Cost Breakdown Structure (CBS) and Engineering Breakdown Structure (EBS) of the modular substation were defined through literature reading and data analysis. Then use the life cycle cost mapping model to further determine the mapping relationship between CBS and EBS. Finally, the connotation and goal of the life cycle cost optimization of modular substation were proposed, which can effectively promote the cost management of modular substation projects and optimization.

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