Features of morphometric parameters of vessels in the human portal venous system identified by multislice computed tomography

The aim of this study was to identify the morphometric features of the human portal venous system by means of multislice computed tomography (MSCT).Materials and methods. A contrast X-ray study of the portal vein was carried out in 53 men who were treated in the surgical departments of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Hospital No. 1. The average age of the patients was 54.9 ± 1.7 years (36–71 years). Measurements were performed on 3D models of the vascular bed in the portal venous system (GE Advantage Workstation and Siemens singo.via workstations). Branching patterns, length, diameter, angle of the portal vein formation relative to the midline of the human body, and angles of formation of the vessels forming the portal vein in the frontal plane were evaluated.Results. Variations in the morphometric parameters of the intrahepatic vessels of the portal vein are obvious, although the branching patterns are not diverse and are reduced to one type – the magistral pattern (according to V.N. Shevkunenko). The veins that form the portal vein are represented by three systems, each of which has a stem and tributaries that differ in branching patterns and other morphological characteristics.Conclusion. The findings of the study made it possible to supplement the scientific materials regarding branching patterns and morphological characteristics of the portal vein and its tributaries as well as to use the morphometric characteristics of the superior and inferior mesenteric and splenic veins to resolve the issues of surgical intervention on the abdominal organs.

Comparative assessment of aortic valve stenosis using two-dimensional, three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography, computed tomography and cardiac catheterization

Aim. To compare effectiveness of ultrasound, radiological and invasive methods for assessing aortic valve (AV) stenosis.Material and methods. This study included 33 patients with AV stenosis. The mean age of the patients was 71,8±6,8 years. All patients underwent standard and three-dimensional echocardiography, computed tomography, and cardiac catheterization.Results. According to two-dimensional echocardiography, the AV area averaged 0,58±0,21 mm2, according to cardiac catheterization — 0,61±0,17 mm2, according to three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography — 1,13±0,42 mm2, and according to multislice computed tomography 0,88±0,48 mm2. The difference between the values was significant (p<0,05).Conclusion. For routine diagnosis of AV stenosis, two-dimensional echocardiography is the optimal research method. With indications for radical treatment methods, three-dimensional echocardiography or multislice computed tomography should be performed.

Computed Tomographic Semiotics of Apical Vertebrae in Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis Aged from 14 to 18 years, Depending on the Magnitude of Spinal Deformity

Idiopathic scoliosis, as many authors think, being idiopathic in terms of not fully clear etiology of the disease, due to the most complicated long-term studies, has a certain theory of the pathogenesis of scoliosis, which includes the disharmony of the longitudinal growth of the spine and spinal cord and the formation of vertebral torsion. The application of various versions of modern vertebral instrumentation for 20 years made it possible to develop a differentiated approach to the choice of surgical intervention, taking into account the patient’s age and the peculiarities of the deformed spine. Nevertheless, the use of current diagnostic methods indicated that not all the details of the deformed vertebral structure have been studied, in particular the apical ones, that are usually more changed being at the apex of the deformity. The application of multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and current statistical methods made it possible to reveal the structural features of the apical vertebrae in the group of adolescent scoliosis (14–18 years old), that is important for increasing the effectiveness of preoperative planning and improving the results of idiopathic scoliosis treatment being one of the most difficult problems of the spine surgery.

Diagnosing MALT Gastric Lymphoma in Gastroenterologist’s Practice, a Clinical Observation

Aim. A clinical case description to highlight challenges in diagnosing MALT lymphoma presented in infiltrative ulcer-ative lesions.Key points. A 60-yo patient was admitted to the Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Centre with epigastric pain and an 18 kg weight loss over past 4 months. A history of repeated outpatient endoscopic examinations revealing subse-quently ulcerative and infiltrative ulcerative gastric lesions of unestablished origin. A complex examination combin-ing oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGDS), endosonography (EUS), multislice computed tomography (MSCT), morphological and immunohistochemical (IHC) assays elicited the MALT gastric lymphoma IIE stage involving para-gastric and intraperitoneal lymph nodes. The first treatment stage included line-1 eradication therapy, rabeprazole 20 mg x 2 times a day, amoxicillin 1000 mg x 2 times a day, clarithromycin 500 mg x 2 times a day, bismuth tripotas-sium dicitrate 240 mg x 2 times a day — for 14 days. Accounting for the process prevalence and stage, six courses of R-CHOP polychemotherapy (PCT) were ordered by haematologist.Conclusion. This observation demonstrates a targeted-biopsy endoscopic examination followed by morphological, IHC, EUS (for invasion depth) and MSCT (for process advancement) assays to be decisive in differential diagnosis of ulcerative and infiltrative ulcerative gastric lesions.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Multislice Contrast CT scan in Detection of Squamous cell Carcinoma of Oral cavity, in clinically suspected Patients

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of multislice computed tomography (CT) in detection of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of oral cavity in clinically suspected patients taking histopathology as gold standard. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study has been conducted at Radiology department of Civil Hospital Karachi from 8th September 2018 to March 2019. All the cases having suspected oral squamous cell carcinoma and either of gender were included. Patients underwent computed tomography by using multislice scanner. Then patients undergone biopsy sampling and patients were labeled as positive or negative for squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity on MDCT and histopathology. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of multislice CT for squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity were measured taking histopathology as gold standard. Results: Total 168 cases were studied and out of them males were 76.8% and females were 23.2%. Mean gutka addiction history was 11.52±5.21 years. Mean lesion size on CT scan was 2.44±1.43 cm. In our study, 35.1% patients were diagnosed positive by multislice computed tomography and 43.5% through histopathology. Sensitivity, Specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were 86.4%, 79.8%, 69.9%, 91.6%, and 82.1% respectively. Conclusion: Multislice CT observed to be the effective diagnostic tool for the detection of SCC of oral cavity. Keywords: Multislice Computed Tomography, cancer, Oral Cavity