scholarly journals Radwaste Treatment Center

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Petr Pospíšil
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Combined Processes ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Free Standing ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Treatment Equipment ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Abstract Radioactive waste is produced during the NPP operation as well as the NPP dismantling and decommissioning phase. Different kinds of waste with different volumes, volume generation rates, properties and compositions have to be handled and treated according to the regulations of the corresponding country. The various waste streams arising especially during D&D activities require versatile treatment approaches to satisfy regulatory requirements and customer needs. Westinghouse has over 30 years of experience in the design, erection and commissioning of radwaste treatment equipment and facilities with special attention on waste volume reduction and minimization of secondary waste generation applied in projects, concepts and studies around the world. Minimization of the total life cycle cost for waste treatment and disposal is a key item for the application of economically viable solutions based on combined processes and integrated waste treatment systems. The ability of enhanced system design and flexible single process combination to form an optimized waste treatment center is crucial to set up the best process configuration with regard to lowest life cycle cost. Westinghouse’s experience in the field of radwaste treatment as well as the application of proven treatment technologies ensures the ability to form a customized radwaste treatment center, either integrated in an existing facility or as a new, free standing building that provides all relevant transport and handling equipment, interfaces, treatment equipment and temporary storage for waste packages. Starting with the identification of the waste streams and assessment of various treatment concepts together with the Customers, the best waste treatment concept that covers all relevant waste streams will be assessed and proposed, e.g. by using the Westinghouse Simulation and Optimization software tool. A typical example for combined waste treatment technologies is the Westinghouse Site Radwaste Treatment Facility in Sanmen (China) as well as concept variations of the SRTF for other reactors (e.g. ABWR, VVER, etc). The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview on the Westinghouse experience to design and optimize waste treatment facilities for various types of reactors under operation or post operation/D&D condition.

Life-cycle cost as basis to optimize waste collection in space and time: A methodology for obtaining a detailed cost breakdown structure

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 788-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Sousa ◽  
Celia Dias-Ferreira ◽  
João M Vaz ◽  
Inês Meireles
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Spatial Optimization ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Equipment Operation ◽  
Time Optimization ◽  
Cost Breakdown Structure ◽  
Cost Breakdown

Extensive research has been carried out on waste collection costs mainly to differentiate costs of distinct waste streams and spatial optimization of waste collection services (e.g. routes, number, and location of waste facilities). However, waste collection managers also face the challenge of optimizing assets in time, for instance deciding when to replace and how to maintain, or which technological solution to adopt. These issues require a more detailed knowledge about the waste collection services’ cost breakdown structure. The present research adjusts the methodology for buildings’ life-cycle cost (LCC) analysis, detailed in the ISO 15686-5:2008, to the waste collection assets. The proposed methodology is then applied to the waste collection assets owned and operated by a real municipality in Portugal (Cascais Ambiente – EMAC). The goal is to highlight the potential of the LCC tool in providing a baseline for time optimization of the waste collection service and assets, namely assisting on decisions regarding equipment operation and replacement.

scholarly journals Design, Simulation, and Economic Optimization of an Off-Grid Photovoltaic System for Rural Electrification

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haytham El-houari ◽  
Amine Allouhi ◽  
Shafiqur Rehman ◽  
Mahmut Sami Buker ◽  
Tarik Kousksou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Simulation And Optimization ◽  
Electricity Cost ◽  
Solar Fraction ◽  
Unit Energy

Access to clean and affordable energy in rural African regions can contribute greatly to social development. Hence, this article proposes the design, simulation, and optimization of a stand-alone photovoltaic system (SAPV) to provide non-polluting electrical energy based on a renewable source for a rural house located in Tazouta, Morocco. Real monthly electrical demands and hourly climatic conditions were utilized. An initial design process indicated that, with a 1080 Wp total capacity of PV modules and 670 Ah of battery storage, the proposed SAPV system was able to meet a considerable part of the dwelling load with an average solar fraction of about 79.1%. The rest of the energy demand was ensured by a diesel generator (DG). Also, a life cycle analysis of the PV system revealed that the life cycle cost is 10,195.56 USD and the unit electricity cost is 0.57 USD/kWh for an initial investment of 4858.68 USD. Thereafter, an optimum design based on Homer Pro software was carried out indicating that lower PV capacity can decrease the unit energy cost to 0.356 USD/kWh while reducing the solar fraction to 54.9%.

Comparison of municipal solid waste treatment technologies from a life cycle perspective in China

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Dong ◽  
Yong Chi ◽  
Daoan Zou ◽  
Chao Fu ◽  
Qunxing Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Life Cycle Perspective ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Solid Waste Treatment

Optimised Management of Orphan Wastes in the UK

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slimane Doudou ◽  
Jennifer McTeer ◽  
Stephen Wickham ◽  
Rob Thied ◽  
Richard Woodcock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Lifecycle Management ◽  
Centres Of Excellence

Orphan wastes have properties preventing them from being managed according to existing or currently planned management routes, or lack characterisation so that their management is uncertain. The identification of new management opportunities for orphan wastes could realise significant benefits by reducing the number of processing facilities required, reducing waste volumes, reducing hazard or leading to the development of centres of excellence for the processing of certain types of orphan wastes. Information on the characteristics of orphan waste existing at nuclear licensed sites across the UK has been collated and a database developed to act as a repository for the information gathered. The database provides a capability to analyse the data and to explore possible treatment technologies for each orphan waste type. Thirty five distinct orphan waste types have been defined and possible treatment options considered. Treatment technologies (including chemical, high temperature, immobilisation and physical technologies) that could be applied to one or more of the generic orphan waste streams have been identified. Wiring diagrams have been used to highlight the waste treatment / lifecycle management options that are available for each of the generic orphan groups as well as identifying areas for further research and development. This work has identified the potential for optimising the management of orphan wastes in a number of areas, and many potential opportunities were identified. Such opportunities could be investigated by waste managers at waste producing nuclear sites, to facilitate the development of new management routes for orphan wastes.

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