A Model for the Oxygen Index of Plasticized Poly(Vinyl Chloride

1984 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.D. Dickens
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Index Test ◽  
Simple Modification ◽  
Plasticized Pvc ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Two Parameter

Experimental Oxygen Index data taken on plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) systems which consisted of just poly(vinyl chloride) resin, PVC, and plasticizer are shown to obey a simple two-parameter equation for plasticizer loadings above 15 weight percent. The empirical equation is further tested using data for similar plasticized PVC compounds based on large number of commercial plasticizers and plasticizer blends. One parameter used in the equation is the Oxygen Index of the pure plasticizer determined using a simple modification of the standard Oxygen Index test procedure. The other parameter is shown to have essentially the same value for all the plasticizers tested. A detailed deriva tion of the empirical model is provided using published flame spread models adapted for the Oxygen Index test. Predictions of the Oxygen Index for the two-component (ideal) plasticized PVC compounds are within 2-3% of the ex perimentally measured values.

Characterization and Constitutive Modeling of a Plasticized Poly(vinyl Chloride) for a Broad Range of Strain Rates

2001 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 560-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Ellen M. Arruda ◽  
Phillip A. Przybylo
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Constitutive Modeling ◽  
Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Test System ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Impact Compression ◽  
Plasticized Pvc ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Compression Data

Abstract The mechanical behavior, morphological characterization and constitutive modeling of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (or PVC) are studied in this paper. The plasticized PVC is tested to large strains over a broad range of strain rates. Uniaxial and plane strain compression data at various constant strain rates ranging from −0.001 to −10 s−1 are collected on a conventional servohydraulic test system. Additional uniaxial impact compression data at approximately constant strain rates ranging from −1160 to −5560 s−1 are obtained using an aluminum split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus. The large strain load/unload response of the plasticized PVC is nonlinear, it contains hysteresis and plastic deformation, and the initial response is highly rate dependent when the strain rate spans the transition zone between quasi-static and impact strain rates at room temperature. The morphology of plasticized PVC is analyzed via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and described as a physically entangled network. A three-dimensional rate dependent constitutive model for plasticized PVC is developed and shown to successfully predict its stress—strain behavior over a broad range of strain rates.

Recent advances in plasticized PVC gels for soft actuators and devices: a review

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (42) ◽  
pp. 12991-13009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Li ◽  
Mingfei Guo ◽  
Yanbiao Li
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Electric Stimulation ◽  
Electroactive Polymers ◽  
Plasticized Pvc ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Soft Actuators

Plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) gels belong to a class of electroactive polymers (EAPs), which have the ability to realize bending motion, contractile motion, extended motion and crawling motion under electric stimulation.

scholarly journals Internally plasticized PVC materials via covalent attachment of aminated tung oil methyl ester

RSC Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (48) ◽  
pp. 30101-30108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puyou Jia ◽  
Lihong Hu ◽  
Xiaohui Yang ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Qianqian Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Covalent Attachment ◽  
Tung Oil ◽  
Plasticized Pvc ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride

We developed an internal plasticizer of aminated tung oil methyl ester for the production of non-migration, phthalate-free flexible and internally plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) materials.

The Influence of Plasticizer Nature and of Processing Mode Upon the Characteristics of Flexible Poly(vinyl chloride) Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 845-851
Author(s):  
Alina Elena Coman ◽  
Augusta Raluca Gabor ◽  
Cristian Andi Nicolae ◽  
Valentin Raditoiu ◽  
Gheorghe Hubca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Processing Mode ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Reinforcing Agent

The topic of this paper refers to the influence of the plasticizer and the processing mode upon the characteristics of the poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) composites. Thereby, in this study two types of industrial plasticizers were used to highlight their influence upon the properties of final composites. The employed lubricant was stearic acid, the most common and cheapest additive used in the industry for cables manufacturing. For economic reasons, calcium carbonate of 2 m size was used as reinforcing agent. Further on, two sets of samples were prepared, targeting the influence of the processing mode upon the properties of final composites. Beside the structure (by FT-infrared), thermal behavior (thermal analyses and differential scanning calorimetry) and mechanical properties (dynamic mechanical analyses, tensile strength and elongation at break) of PVC composites, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and the overall morphology of the samples were also investigated.

New Type of Plasticized Poly(vinyl chloride)

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (11) ◽  
pp. 2673-2681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloslav Kolínský ◽  
Stanislav Ševčík ◽  
Rudolf Lukáš
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Plasticized Pvc ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
New Type ◽  
Acetate Copolymer ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Copolymer

Low-molecular-weight plasticizers are commonly used in the production of plasticized PVC. However, they readily migrate to the surface of the product, which results in the deterioration of physical properties and contamination of environment. This drawback is eliminated by polymerizing vinyl chloride in water suspension in the presence of a polyester plasticizer and structure stabilizer such as triallyl isocyanurate or the ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer. The data obtained from water and heptane extractions demonstrate a low extractability of the plasticizer used. Attention is focused on the explanation of the role of structure stabilizers in the polymerization process, and some properties of this new type of plasticized PVC and its possible application areas are discussed.

Effect of High-Dose Electron Beam Irradiation on the Migration of DOA and ATBC Plasticizers from Food-Grade PVC and PVDC/PVC Films, Respectively, into Olive Oil

1998 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 720-724 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANTONIOS E. GOULAS ◽  
KYRIAKOS A. RIGANAKOS ◽  
DIETER A. E. EHLERMANN ◽  
PANAGIOTIS G. DEMERTZIS ◽  
MICHAEL G. KONTOMINAS
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Electron Beam Irradiation ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Food Grade ◽  
Oil Film ◽  
Plasticized Pvc ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Irradiation Treatment ◽  
Acetyl Tributyl Citrate

The effect of high-dose irradiation on the migration of dioctyl adipate (DOA) and acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) plasticizers from food-grade poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and poly(vinylidene chloride/vinyl chloride) (PVDC/PVC) copolymer (Saran) films, respectively, into olive oil was studied. The results showed a significantly higher amount of DOA migrated into olive oil from irradiated versus nonirradiated samples. This difference was more noticeable in oil samples collected during initial periods of contad. The amount of DOA migrating into olive oil was lower for samples irradiated at a dose of 20 kGy in comparison with samples irradiated at adose of 50 kGy. At a sampling time of 1 h the amount of DOA that migrated into olive oil was 93.9 mg/liter, 141.5 mg/liter, and 183.4 mg/liter for nonirradiated samples, 20-kGy irradiated samples, and 50-kGy irradiated samples, respectively. After 288 hr (12 days) of oil-film contad the respective amounts were 390.8 mg/liter, 409.2 mg/liter, and 430.1 mg/liter. There were no statistically significad differences in migrating amount of ATBC between nonirradiated samples and samples irradiated at a dose of 20 kGy, while in samples irradiated at a dose of 50 kGy the migration of ATBC was increased. After 1 h of oil-film contad no detectable amounts of ATBC had migrated. After 288 h of contad the amounts of ATBC that migrated into olive oil were 3.59 mg/liter, 3.56 mg/liter, and 4.12 mg/liter for nonirradiated samples, 20-kGy irradiated samples, and 50-kGy irradiated samples, respectively. It is suggested that plasticized PVC should not be used in direct contact with high-fat foodstuffs with or without irradiation treatment.

scholarly journals Enhancing the Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)-Based Conductive Nanocomposites by Zinc Oxide Nanorods

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Qiu ◽  
Guangjian He ◽  
Mingyang Hao ◽  
Guizhen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanorods ◽  
Hybrid Nanoparticles ◽  
Hybrid Particles ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride

A simple approach to decorate multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)–reduced graphene oxide (RGO) hybrid nanoparticles with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods is developed to improve the electrical and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/MWCNT–RGO composites. The ZnO nanorods act as “joint” in three-dimensional (3D) MWCNT–RGO networks and the hybrid particles strongly interact with PVC chains via p-π stacking, hydrogen bonds, and electrostatic interactions, which we confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman analysis. By introducing the ZnO nanorods, the RGO–ZnO–MWCNT hybrid particles increased 160% in capacitance compared with MWCNT–RGO hybrids. Moreover, the addition of RGO–ZnO–MWCNT to PVC resulted in the mechanical properties of PVC being enhanced by 30.8% for tensile strength and 60.9% for Young’s modulus at the loadings of 2.0 weight percent (wt.%) and 1.0 wt.%, respectively. Meanwhile, the electrical conductivity of PVC increased by 11 orders of magnitude, from 1 × 10−15 S/m to 1 × 10−4 S/m for MWCNT–ZnO–RGO loading at 5.0 wt.%.

Effect of Gamma Irradiation on the Migration of Di(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate from Plasticized Poly(Vinyl Chloride) into Air and PVC Resin

2014 ◽  
Vol 1015 ◽  
pp. 397-400
Author(s):  
Qin Wang ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Yan Fang Tang ◽  
Jian Jian Bian ◽  
Song Wei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Plasticized Pvc ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate

The risk of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) migration from plasticized poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) is an important issue for patients.We present a study on the effect of gamma radiation on the migration of DEHP from plasticized PVC into air and PVC as a function of time (0-28day) at 75°C.The samples were irradiated at dose of 25 kGy using a 60Co gamma radiation source.The change of weight loss at 75°C was studied as a function of time.Diffusion coefficient of samples was calculated,it was found that the diffusion coefficient significant increased after irradiation,the sample having ESO exhibited an decrease trend of DEHP migration,which shown that ESO can effectively impress the migration of DEHP from plasticized PVC either in control or irradiate samples,the same Phenomenon was found in air and PVC.The diffusion coefficient was between 8.37×10-11 and 2.68×10-10 cm2/s in air, 8.87×10-8 and 9.99×10-8 cm2/s in PVC.

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