Examining the Relationship Between Witnessing Intimate Partner Violence and Victimization Among Children in Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1334-1350
Author(s):  
Majid A. Al-Eissa ◽  
Hassan N. Saleheen ◽  
Maha Almuneef
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Child Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
National Study ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
The Relationship

Childhood exposure to violence can lead to physical, mental, and emotional harm, whether a child is a direct victim or a witness to violent events. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between witnessing intimate partner violence (IPV) and victimization among children. A cross-sectional, national study was conducted in secondary high schools in the five main provinces of Saudi Arabia (SA) using International Society for Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect (ISPCAN) ISPCAN Child Abuse and Neglect Screening Tool–Child: Home version. Boys and girls, public and private schools were selected to participate. Students ( N = 16,939) aged 15 to 18 years completed the survey instrument which included demographics, different types of abuse (physical, psychological, and sexual), neglect, and witnessing IPV. Mean age of the participants was 16.8 ± 0.9 years, and 51% were boys. Eighty-one percent lived with both parents, 6% with single parent, and 2% with step-parent. Fifty-two percent of the participants witnessed IPV. Those who witnessed IPV were more likely to be abused compared with those who did not ( p < .01). Among those who witnessed physical IPV, girls had a significantly greater likelihood of experiencing psychological abuse (odds ratio [OR] = 3.7, confidence interval [CI] = [1.9, 6.8]), physical abuse (OR = 1.3, CI = [1.0, 1.6]), and neglect (OR = 1.6, CI = [1.4, 1.9]) but less likelihood of experiencing sexual abuse (OR = 0.6, CI = [0.5, 0.7]) than boys. Among those who witnessed psychological IPV, girls had a significantly greater likelihood of experiencing neglect (OR = 1.3, CI = [1.2, 1.5]) but less likelihood of experiencing sexual abuse (OR = 0.5, CI = [0.5, 0.6]) than boys. Boys who witnessed physical IPV and psychological IPV had a significantly greater likelihood of experiencing sexual abuse compared with girls. Witnessing IPV increases the chances of child and adolescent victimization. Multidisciplinary approaches involving social workers, law enforcement personnel, and domestic violence and child protection workers could effectively respond to this problem.

scholarly journals Intimate partner violence as a mechanism underlying the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment among economically disadvantaged mothers and their adolescent daughters

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tangeria R. Adams ◽  
Elizabeth D. Handley ◽  
Jody Todd Manly ◽  
Dante Cicchetti ◽  
Sheree L. Toth
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Child Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
History Of

AbstractChild maltreatment represents a pervasive societal problem. Exposure to maltreatment is predictive of maladjustment across development with enduring negative effects found in adulthood. Compelling evidence suggests that some parents with a history of child abuse and neglect are at elevated risk for the maltreatment of their own children. However, a dearth of research currently exists on mediated mechanisms that may underlie this continuity. Ecological and transactional theories of child maltreatment propose that child maltreatment is multiply determined by various risk factors that exist across different ecological systems. Intimate partner violence (IPV) often co-occurs with child maltreatment and may represent a pathway through which risk for child abuse and neglect is transmitted across generations within a family. Informed by theories on the intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment and utilizing a community-based, cross-sectional sample of 245 racially and ethnically diverse, low-income mothers and daughters, the objective of this study was to investigate IPV as a propagating process through which risk of child abuse and neglect is conferred from parent to child. We found evidence suggesting that mothers’ history of maltreatment is associated with both their IPV involvement and their adolescent daughters’ maltreatment victimization (with exposure to IPV as a maltreatment subtype excluded for clarity). Maternal IPV also partially accounted for the continuity of maltreatment victimization from mother to adolescent. A secondary analysis that included the adolescent's own engagement in dating violence provided compelling but preliminary evidence of the emergence of a similar pattern of relational violence, whereby adolescent girls with maltreatment histories were likewise involved in abusive intimate relationships. Future directions and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

Child Welfare Responses Linked to Subtypes of Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence From the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 2607-2623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Gonzalez ◽  
Harriet MacMillan ◽  
Masako Tanaka ◽  
Susan M. Jack ◽  
Lil Tonmyr
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Child Welfare ◽  
Incidence Study ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Child Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Welfare Services ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Abuse And Neglect

Children exposed to intimate partner violence (CE-IPV) are at increased risk for later health and social difficulties. To date, studies have primarily focused on CE-IPV as a unitary construct; this may lead to the mistaken assumption that all subtypes of CE-IPV (i.e., exposure to direct or indirect physical abuse, or exposure to emotional abuse) are equally harmful requiring similar responses from child welfare services. The purpose of this study was to examine child welfare responses by CE-IPV subtype in a large Canadian child welfare sample. Using data from the Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect–2008 ( N = 2,184), we examined child welfare responses to CE-IPV subtypes or their co-occurrence. Information was obtained from child welfare workers’ reports. Cases with co-occurring subtypes of CE-IPV were more likely to be substantiated and involved multiple incidents compared with that with single CE-IPV subtypes. Cases with direct physical CE-IPV and co-occurring CE-IPV were also more likely to remain open and have an application considered or made to child welfare court. Exposure to emotional IPV was the least likely to warrant interventions by welfare services, including referrals to specialized services. These results suggest that within CE-IPV subtypes, there is evidence of different responses (recommendations and services) once a case has been opened by a worker. Future research is needed to examine the effectiveness of the responses and outcomes for children following child welfare interventions.

The tripartite tragedy: Alcohol and other drugs, intimate partner violence and child abuse

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (01) ◽  
pp. 32-41
Author(s):  
Mohajer Abbass Hameed
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Review Of Reviews ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe relationship between alcohol and other drugs (AOD) misuse and intimate partner violence (IPV) is well established. However, there is a pressing need for knowledge translation in relation to the association between AOD, IPV and child abuse and neglect. A substantial number of research studies and literature reviews on the relationship between AOD and IPV have appeared over the past several decades. However, heterogeneity across the literature reviews and findings, as well as in methodological differences and limitations, may contribute to interpretive difficulties that confound conclusions and/or create confusion among the researchers, practitioners and policy makers who turn to this literature for guidance in their research, treatment and policy decisions. To address this issue, this paper examines the evidence on the topic of AOD and IPV through a focused review-of-reviews methodology to compare and synthesise the overall patterns of findings derived from several reviews that have investigated the literature on the relationship between AOD and IPV. The results derived from the review-of-reviews are synthesised and integrated to present an understanding of the association between AOD and IPV in reference to child abuse and neglect. The limitations for research and practice are discussed, placing particular focus on knowledge translation in relation to child welfare policy and parents and children involved with child protection authorities.

Typology and Incidence of Child Abuse and Neglect

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-74
Author(s):  
Lea Tufford
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Child Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Neurological Effects ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
The Impact

This chapter discusses the types of child abuse (physical, emotional, sexual, and intimate partner violence) and neglect. It begins by examining the varying definitions of child abuse and neglect around Canadian provinces and territories. It examines physical abuse versus corporal punishment and the impact of maltreatment into youth and adulthood. The effects of child abuse and neglect into adolescence and adulthood, as well as its neurological effects, are discussed. The chapter then explores the Canadian Incidence Study, which provides a picture of the occurrence of child abuse and neglect as well as professional and nonprofessional referral sources.

Sexual Orientation, Child Abuse, and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria D. H. Koeppel ◽  
Leana Bouffard
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Childhood Abuse ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Heterosexual Relationship ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence Victimization ◽  
The Relationship

Research has consistently found rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) in nonheterosexual relationships to be comparable or higher than rates of IPV in heterosexual relationship. Less is understood about the relationship between child abuse, sexual orientation, and IPV victimization. The role of sexual orientation in the relationship between child abuse and IPV victimization is important to consider given research has found higher rates of childhood abuse among nonheterosexual individuals. In addition, the relationship between child abuse victimization and IPV victimization in adulthood has also been documented. This research extends the literature on IPV by comparing child abuse victimization as a predictor for IPV between heterosexual and nonheterosexual IPV victims. Using the National Violence Against Women Survey, this study used logistic regression models to find partial support for the hypothesis that nonheterosexuals who experience child abuse will be more likely to be IPV victims as adults than similarly situated heterosexuals.

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