The Relative Effects of Normative and Instrumental Models of Policing on Police Empowerment: Evidence From a Sample of Sub-Saharan African Immigrants

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Pryce
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Procedural Justice ◽  
African Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Immigrant Community ◽  
African Immigrant ◽  
Ghanaian Immigrants ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data

This study examines the relative impacts of normative and instrumental models of policing on willingness to empower the police in a sample of sub-Saharan African immigrants in the United States. Using data from a survey of 304 Ghanaian immigrants, obligation to obey, procedural justice, effectiveness, and gender predicted police empowerment; legitimacy of Ghana police and risk of sanctioning did not. The results also show that obligation to obey may be distinct from legitimacy. The findings from the current study point to the importance of the process-based model of policing in different geopolitical contexts, including the sub-Saharan African immigrant community in the United States. Specifically, obligation to obey and procedural justice play pivotal roles in engendering willingness to empower the police in the sub-Saharan African immigrant community. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Ghanaian Immigrants’ Experiences With and Perceptions of U.S. Police

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 469-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel K. Pryce
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Immigrant Community ◽  
Human Interactions ◽  
Ghanaian Immigrants ◽  
Sub Saharan

Focus groups help researchers obtain rich, experiential data in order to increase our sociological and psychological understanding of human interactions. In this study, I used qualitative data obtained from two focus groups, comprising 13 participants from the Ghanaian community, to understand Ghanaian immigrants’ personal experiences with and perceptions of the police in the United States. The rise in immigration from sub-Saharan Africa means that these immigrants’ views of and experiences with the police will become increasingly important to successful policing in local communities across the United States. The results of this study point to the need for U.S. police to employ procedural justice and distributive justice in their dealings with Ghanaian immigrants. These immigrants also believe that both their skin color and foreign accent pose a disadvantage when dealing with police. By addressing these concerns, the U.S. police would gain the trust and cooperation of the Ghanaian immigrant community. The policy implications of the findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Longer Residence in the United States is Associated With More Physical Function Limitations in African Immigrant Older Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 073346482097760
Author(s):  
Manka Nkimbeng ◽  
Yvonne Commodore-Mensah ◽  
Jacqueline L. Angel ◽  
Karen Bandeen-Roche ◽  
Roland J. Thorpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Physical Function ◽  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
African Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
African Immigrant ◽  
High Discrimination ◽  
The Mean

Acculturation and racial discrimination have been independently associated with physical function limitations in immigrant and United States (U.S.)-born populations. This study examined the relationships among acculturation, racial discrimination, and physical function limitations in N = 165 African immigrant older adults using multiple linear regression. The mean age was 62 years ( SD = 8 years), and 61% were female. Older adults who resided in the United States for 10 years or more had more physical function limitations compared with those who resided here for less than 10 years ( b = −2.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [–5.01, –0.23]). Compared to lower discrimination, those with high discrimination had more physical function limitations ( b = −2.51, 95% CI = [–4.91, –0.17]), but this was no longer significant after controlling for length of residence and acculturation strategy. Residing in the United States for more than 10 years is associated with poorer physical function. Longitudinal studies with large, diverse samples of African immigrants are needed to confirm these associations.

scholarly journals Mental Health Issues in Adolescents and Young Adult African Immigrants

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tolu Olupona ◽  
Oluwole Jegede ◽  
Clarety Keseke ◽  
Evaristo Akerele
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
African Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
African Immigrant

African Immigrants in the United States account for a rapidly growing population of immigrants in the country, constituting about four percent of the foreign-born population. The group has seen a significant population increase from 881,300 in 2010 to 1,606,914 in 2010. African immigrants are however not a monolithic population, as this number and diversity increases, there continues to be a growing need for mental health professionals to assess the peculiar mental health care needs and practices of this population. The primary African immigrant groups in the United States include Nigerians, Ethiopians, Egyptians, Ghanaians, and Kenyans. The delivery of optimal mental health care to this population involves a thorough comprehension of factors that influence mental health in African Immigrant populations. Such factors include the ethno-cultural background of families, the diversity of religions, immigration status, socio-economic status, language, family and sibling subsystems, identity issues and various forms of mental health stigma. Due to the complexity of these socioeconomic and cultural nuances, the mental illness presented by adolescents and young adult Africans are often atypical and their treatment requires appropriate cultural competence by physicians and mental health professionals. 

scholarly journals Cardiometabolic Health in African Immigrants to the United States: A Call to Re-examine Research on African-descent Populations

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Commodore-Mensah, PhD, RN ◽  
Cheryl Dennison Himmelfarb, PhD, ANP, RN ◽  
Charles Agyemang, PhD, MPH ◽  
Anne E. Sumner, MD
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
African Descent ◽  
African Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Optimal Care ◽  
Black African ◽  
Sub Saharan

<p> </p><p> In the 20th century, Africans in Sub-Saharan Africa had lower rates of cardiometabolic disease than Africans who migrated. How­ever, in the 21st century, beyond infectious diseases, the triple epidemics of obesity, diabetes and hypertension have taken hold in Africa. Therefore, Africans are acquiring these chronic diseases at different rates and different intensity prior to migration. To ensure optimal care and health outcomes, the United States practice of grouping all African-descent populations into the “Black/ African American” category without regard to country of origin masks socioeconomic and cultural differences and needs re-evalu­ation. Overall, research on African-descent populations would benefit from a shift from a racial to an ethnic perspective. To dem­onstrate the value of disaggregating data on African-descent populations, the epide­miologic transition, social, economic, and health characteristics of African immigrants are presented. <em>Ethn Dis. </em>2015;25(3):373- 380.</p>

scholarly journals Understanding the healthcare experiences and needs of African immigrants in the United States: a scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ogbonnaya I. Omenka ◽  
Dennis P. Watson ◽  
Hugh C. Hendrie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Immigrant Health ◽  
African Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
African Immigrant ◽  
Healthcare Experiences ◽  
African Immigrant Health ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Background Africans immigrants in the United States are the least-studied immigrant group, despite the research and policy efforts to address health disparities within immigrant communities. Although their healthcare experiences and needs are unique, they are often included in the “black” category, along with other phenotypically-similar groups. This process makes utilizing research data to make critical healthcare decisions specifically targeting African immigrants, difficult. The purpose of this Scoping Review was to examine extant information about African immigrant health in the U.S., in order to develop lines of inquiry using the identified knowledge-gaps. Methods Literature published in the English language between 1980 and 2016 were reviewed in five stages: (1) identification of the question and (b) relevant studies, (c) screening, (d) data extraction and synthesis, and (e) results. Databases used included EBSCO, ProQuest, PubMed, and Google Scholar (hand-search). The articles were reviewed according to title and abstract, and studies deemed relevant were reviewed as full-text articles. Data was extracted from the selected articles using the inductive approach, which was based on the comprehensive reading and interpretive analysis of the organically emerging themes. Finally, the results from the selected articles were presented in a narrative format. Results Culture, religion, and spirituality were identified as intertwined key contributors to the healthcare experiences of African immigrants. In addition, lack of culturally-competent healthcare, distrust, and complexity, of the U.S. health system, and the exorbitant cost of care, were identified as major healthcare access barriers. Conclusion Knowledge about African immigrant health in the U.S. is scarce, with available literature mainly focusing on databases, which make it difficult to identify African immigrants. To our knowledge, this is the first Scoping Review pertaining to the healthcare experiences and needs of African immigrants in the U.S.

scholarly journals Understanding the Healthcare Experiences and Needs of African Immigrants in the United States: A Scoping Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ogbonnaya Isaac Omenka ◽  
Dennis P. Watson ◽  
Hugh C. Hendrie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Immigrant Health ◽  
African Immigrants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
African Immigrant ◽  
Healthcare Experiences ◽  
African Immigrant Health ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Background: Africans immigrants in the United States are the least-studied immigrant group, despite the research and policy efforts to address health disparities within immigrant communities. Although their healthcare experiences and needs are unique, they are often included in the “black” category, along with other phenotypically-similar groups. This process makes utilizing research data to make critical healthcare decisions specifically targeting African immigrants, difficult. The purpose of this Scoping Review was to examine extant information about African immigrant health in the U.S., in order to develop lines of inquiry using the identified knowledge-gaps. Methods: Literature published in the English language between 1980 and 2016 were reviewed in five stages: (1) identification of the question and (b) relevant studies, (c) screening, (d) data extraction and synthesis, and (e) results. Databases used included EBSCO, ProQuest, PubMed, and Google Scholar (hand-search). The articles were reviewed according to title and abstract, and studies deemed relevant were reviewed as full-text articles. Data was extracted from the selected articles using the inductive approach, which was based on the comprehensive reading and interpretive analysis of the organically emerging themes. Finally, the results from the selected articles were presented in a narrative format. Results: Culture, religion, and spirituality were identified as intertwined key contributors to the healthcare experiences of African immigrants. In addition, lack of culturally-competent healthcare, distrust, and complexity, of the U.S. health system, and the exorbitant cost of care, were identified as major healthcare access barriers. Conclusion: Knowledge about African immigrant health in the U.S. is scarce, with available literature mainly focusing on databases, which make it difficult to identify African immigrants. To our knowledge, this is the first Scoping Review pertaining to the healthcare experiences and needs of African immigrants in the U.S.

Migration and the Internet

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas John Cooke ◽  
Ian Shuttleworth
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Dynamics Models

It is widely presumed that information and communication technologies, or ICTs, enable migration in several ways; primarily by reducing the costs of migration. However, a reconsideration of the relationship between ICTs and migration suggests that ICTs may just as well hinder migration; primarily by reducing the costs of not moving.  Using data from the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics, models that control for sources of observed and unobserved heterogeneity indicate a strong negative effect of ICT use on inter-state migration within the United States. These results help to explain the long-term decline in internal migration within the United States.

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