Problem Solving in Parkinson's Disease: Comparison of Performance on the Wisconsin and California Card Sorting Tests

1990 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
William W. Beatty ◽  
Nancy Monson
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Tests

scholarly journals Card sorting performance in Parkinson's disease: A comparison between acquisition and shifting performance

1995 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 918-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel P. M. van Spaendonck ◽  
Hans J. C. Berger ◽  
Martin W. I. M. Horstink ◽  
George F. Borm ◽  
Alexander R. Cools
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Card Sorting

scholarly journals The relationship between executive functions and fluid intelligence in Parkinson's disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 2445-2452 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Roca ◽  
F. Manes ◽  
A. Chade ◽  
E. Gleichgerrcht ◽  
O. Gershanik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Group Performance ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test ◽  
And Control

BackgroundWe recently demonstrated that decline in fluid intelligence is a substantial contributor to frontal deficits. For some classical ‘executive’ tasks, such as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and Verbal Fluency, frontal deficits were entirely explained by fluid intelligence. However, on a second set of frontal tasks, deficits remained even after statistically controlling for this factor. These tasks included tests of theory of mind and multitasking. As frontal dysfunction is the most frequent cognitive deficit observed in early Parkinson's disease (PD), the present study aimed to determine the role of fluid intelligence in such deficits.MethodWe assessed patients with PD (n=32) and control subjects (n=22) with the aforementioned frontal tests and with a test of fluid intelligence. Group performance was compared and fluid intelligence was introduced as a covariate to determine its role in frontal deficits shown by PD patients.ResultsIn line with our previous results, scores on the WCST and Verbal Fluency were closely linked to fluid intelligence. Significant patient–control differences were eliminated or at least substantially reduced once fluid intelligence was introduced as a covariate. However, for tasks of theory of mind and multitasking, deficits remained even after fluid intelligence was statistically controlled.ConclusionsThe present results suggest that clinical assessment of neuropsychological deficits in PD should include tests of fluid intelligence, together with one or more specific tasks that allow for the assessment of residual frontal deficits associated with theory of mind and multitasking.

scholarly journals Topographic Mapping of P300 and Frontal Cognitive Function in Parkinson’s Disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutsumi Iijima ◽  
Mikio Osawa ◽  
Makoto Iwata ◽  
Akiko Miyazaki ◽  
Hideaki Tei
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
P300 Latency ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Related Potentials

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between P300 that is one of the event-related potentials and frontal cognitive functions in Parkinson’s disease (PD) without clinically apparent dementia.Subjects were 20 PD cases 48 to 79 years of age, all of whom were within normal limits on the Mini-Mental State examination, and 55 age-matched healthy adults.P300 was elicited with an auditory oddball paradigm and recorded at 15 sites on the scalp. Cognitive functioning of the frontal lobe was evaluated using the New Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) and the Letter Pick-Out Test (LPOT) which reflects selective attention and semantic categorization.P300 latency was delayed in 30.0% of P300 demonstrated abnormal distribution in 20.0%. the WCST and the LPOT were abnormal in 15.0%, P300 latency significantly correlated with number of subcategories achieved on the WCST. P300 amplitude correlated with scores on the LPOT. These results suggest that cognitive dysfunction which linked partly to the frontal lobe might begin in PD even without clinically apparent dementia.

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and brain perfusion imaging in Parkinson's disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Matsui ◽  
Kazuto Nishinaka ◽  
Masaya Oda ◽  
Narihiro Hara ◽  
Kenichi Komatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Perfusion Imaging ◽  
Brain Perfusion ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Brain Perfusion Imaging ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test

Wisconsin Card Sorting Test Variables in Relation to Motor Symptoms in Parkinson's Disease

1999 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 824-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Alevriadou ◽  
Z. Katsarou ◽  
S. Bostantjopoulou ◽  
G. Kiosseoclou ◽  
G. Mentenopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test

Impaired problem solving in Parkinson's disease: Impact of a set-shifting deficit

1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Cronin-Golomb ◽  
Suzanne Corkin ◽  
John H. Growdon
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Set Shifting ◽  
Disease Impact

Contextual cues remediate problem solving: Deficits in Parkinson’s disease

2009 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMANDA L. PRICE
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Neuropsychological Measures ◽  
Support Strategy ◽  
Arrangement Problem ◽  
Automatic Response

AbstractThis study examined the contribution of executive functions to arrangement problem-solving performance in Parkinson’s disease (PD), with a particular focus on self-directed cognitive flexibility. PD patients and healthy age-matched adults completed a battery of neuropsychological measures of executive function and a series of anagram puzzles, some of which were modified to include graphemic cues designed to prime potential solutions. PD patients were less successful than healthy controls (HC) at resolving the anagram puzzles, but when a cue accompanied the anagram stimulus, PD patients performed normally. Anagram performance was associated with measures of verbal fluency and inhibition; no association emerged with working memory or set shifting ability. These data suggest that subjects with PD may have difficulty sufficiently inhibiting their automatic response to the experimental stimulus in order to generate the novel arrangements required to produce a successful response. Such deficits might be remediated through the use of environmental cues designed to support strategy generation. (JINS, 2010, 16, 70–76.)

scholarly journals The Impact of Sex on the Neurocognitive Functions of Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1331
Author(s):  
Mei-Ling Chen ◽  
Chun-Hsiang Tan ◽  
Hui-Chen Su ◽  
Pi-Shan Sung ◽  
Chia-Yi Chien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Neurocognitive Function ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Yahr Stage ◽  
The Impact

This study aimed to understand the impact of sex on the neurocognitive function of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Ninety-four participants with idiopathic PD and 167 age-matched healthy individuals as normal controls (NCs) were recruited and underwent comprehensive neuropsychological assessments. Sex differences were found in NCs, but not in patients with PD. Among male participants, patients with PD showed worse performance on the Digit Symbol Substitution (DSS) (p < 0.001) test and Symbol Search (SS) (p < 0.001) than NCs. Among female participants, patients with PD showed worse performance on the category score of the Modified Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (p < 0.001), SS (p < 0.001), and pentagon copying (p < 0.001) than NCs. After controlling for the effects of age and years of education, Hoehn and Yahr stage was found to predict the performance of the Color Trails Test part A (βA = 0.241, pA = 0.036), Stroop Color and Word Test (β = −0.245, p = 0.036), and DSS (β = −0.258, p = 0.035) in men with PD. These results indicate the differential effect of sex on the neurocognitive function among healthy aging and PD populations. The disappearance of sex differences, which is present in healthy aging, in patients with PD suggests a gradual loss of the neuroprotective effect of estrogen after the initiation of the neurodegenerative process. This study also found mental flexibility and visuospatial function to be the susceptible cognitive domains in women with PD, while the disease severity could predict the working memory and processing speed in men with PD.

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