scholarly journals ‘Race might be a unicorn, but its horn could draw blood’: Racialisation, Class and Racism in a Non-Western Context

2021 ◽  
pp. 089692052199209
Author(s):  
Zaheer Baber
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Race Relations ◽  
Class Relations ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Racial Categories ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Racial Projects ◽  
The Social

In this article, the concepts of ‘racialisation’, ‘racial projects’, and ‘racisms’ are deployed to analyse the social construction of distinctive groups and the dynamics of group conflicts in India where the white vs. non-white binary as the key element of race relations does not exist. My main argument is that in India the racialisation of specific groups constructs racial categories that intersect with class relations, to produce inequalities and struggles over material and non-material resources. A related argument is that despite the seemingly seamless braiding of race and class, it is in fact class that plays a more significant role in producing as well as sustaining racialised social inequality.

Race and/or Ethnicity in Hawai‘i

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Y. Okamura
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Ethnic Inequality ◽  
Racial Categories ◽  
Structural Principle ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historical Transition

This chapter argues that ethnicity is the dominant organizing principle of social relations in Hawai‘i since the 1970s when it superseded race. This contention is based on the social construction of Hawaii’s constituent groups as ethnic groups rather than races, on the consequent lesser construction and assertion of racial categories and identities commonly invoked in the continental United States, and on the ongoing regulation of differential access to socioeconomic status by ethnicity and not race (or class). The chapter first discusses the conceptual difference between race and ethnicity, outlines the historical transition from race to ethnicity as the foremost structural principle of island society, reviews persisting ethnic inequality evident from 2010 U.S. Census data, and analyzes the racial dimensions of the shooting death in 2011 of a young Native Hawaiian by a U.S. State Department agent in Waikīkī. The argument that ethnicity is more significant than race as the primary principle of social organization in contemporary Hawai‘i is consistent with multiculturalism being the dominant ideology related to race and ethnicity in the islands rather than colorblindness as in the continental United States.

Acute Loss and the Social Construction of Blame

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel D. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
African American Parents ◽  
Disenfranchised Grief ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
The Social ◽  
Murdered Children ◽  
Middle Class Blacks

Using interview and observation data from white and African-American parents of murdered children, this article explores a primary social process accompanying acute loss: the social construction of blame. Findings reveal that race and class are primary forces that shape not only the experience of loss, but also attributions of cause, designations of blame, and the construction of post-mortem identities. While poor Black informants encountered avoidance strategies on the part of authorities (e.g., police) when their child was murdered, whites and upper middle-class Blacks received emotional support. This differential treatment by authorities led to either legitimate or disenfranchised grief, both of which were addressed by the strategy of “sanctification,” a form of emotion work.

Buying Homes, Buying Schools: School Choice and the Social Construction of School Quality

2002 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Jellison Holme
Keyword(s):  
School Choice ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
School Quality ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
The Social ◽  
Lower Status

In this article, Jennifer Jellison Holme explores how parents who can afford to buy homes in areas known "for the schools" approach school choice in an effort to illuminate how the "unofficial" choice market works. Using qualitative methods, Holme finds that the beliefs that inform the choices of such parents are mediated by status ideologies that emphasize race and class. She concludes that school choice policies alone will not level the playing field for lower-status parents, as choice advocates often suggest.

IN MEDIAS RACE (AND CLASS)

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Race Relations ◽  
Class Relations ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
Stuart Hall

“Race is the modality in which class is lived” (Hall et al., 1978, p. 394). That's how Stuart Hall evocatively put it, emphasizing the extent to which class relations can actually and substantively “function as race relations” for working class Black Brits (and others). He was arguing, amongst other things, against the neatly reified distinctions scholars traditionally policed between class-based analyses and racial ones.

scholarly journals "Just" Teaching: Linking Teacher Identity to Community and Practice

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 323-339
Author(s):  
Sarah Trask
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Teacher Identity ◽  
Institutional Racism ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
The Social ◽  
Canadian Context ◽  
Classroom Communities ◽  
Authentic Community

Classroom communities in Saskatchewan are becoming increasingly diverse. Given that teachers may di er in race and class from many of the students whom they teach, the author asserts that teachers bene t from an exploration of the social construction of their identity. She tells stories of her experiences as a teacher on the school landscape in order to foreground her positioning and to interrogate well- meaning fumbles that she has made. Providing recent and relevant examples in a Canadian context, the author examines the consequences of social strati cation, such as de cit thinking by teachers and institutional racism in schools. She concludes that making the exploration of identity central in teacher education has the potential to promote authentic community in schools and classrooms.

scholarly journals THE SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION OF EXTERNAL AGGRESSION IN LATIN AMERICA: A COMPARISON BETWEEN COSTA RICA AND ECUADOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Vinicio Méndez-Coto
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
External Support ◽  
Small States ◽  
Regional Institutions ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
American States ◽  
The Social

External aggression is an analytic category used by Latin American States regardless the governmental ideology or their political affiliations. A comparative study conducted out between two Latin American Small States enables to understand the regularities in their behavior when facing such kind of threat, in terms of their role identity, objective and subjective interests and consistently their foreign policy actions at the domestic, bilateral, sub-regional and regional level. This article argued that the small states are more vulnerable to the external aggressions because of their lack of material resources and their need of external support, compromising their sovereignty and territorial integrity, and requiring the activation of multilateral mechanisms such as the Organization of American States and other regional and sub-regional institutions.

A New Social Construction of Skill

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Warhurst ◽  
Chris Tilly ◽  
Mary Gatta
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Sex Typing ◽  
Labour Unions ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
The Social ◽  
Service Jobs

There are a number of theoretical positions that inform analyses of skill. One such position is the social construction of skill. When it was first proposed it was driven by feminist concerns about the sex-typing of jobs and women’s exclusion from jobs labelled as skilled. This chapter offers a new social construction of skill. It appreciates that the old social construction of skill has not disappeared but points out that the context within which this construction occurred has changed, with weaker labour unions and the decline in the manufacturing industries. With more service jobs and stronger employers, the chapter argues that in the wealthier countries there have been two shifts: a shift in how skill has been defined and a shift in who has the power to define it. Focusing on gender, race and class, the chapters explains how the social construction of skill has been restructured in three ways. First, more importance is attached to ascription of skill. Second, who is and isn’t deemed to be skilled has changed. Third, the lines between achieved and ascribed skill are increasingly blurred. The chapter finishes by suggesting ways in which the discrimination arising from this new social construction of skill might be addressed.

Dolls and Dead Babies: Victorian Motherhood in May Sinclair’s Life and Death of Harriett Frean

May Sinclair ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Beyer
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Constructions ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
The Social ◽  
Maternal Affect ◽  
Cultural Constructions

This chapter examines representations of mothering, class, and maternal affect in May Sinclair’s 1922 novel Life and Death in Harriett Frean, paying particular attention to the critique of social constructions of motherhood articulated in the novel. The discussion focuses specifically on social and cultural constructions of femininity and class and the portrayal in Sinclair’s novel of mothering practices and the (in)visibility of maternal figures. As part of my investigation of Sinclair’s critique of the social construction of motherhood, I examine her portrayal of the maternal in relation to class and marital status. Here, my chapter focuses on what I see as Sinclair’s couched portrayal of the controversial practice of baby-farming. I argue that baby farming is implicitly referred to in Sinclair’s Life and Death of Harriett Frean, through the figure of Harriett’s maid, Maggie, and the fate of her baby born outside wedlock. My chapter demonstrates that Sinclair’s portrayal of this topic foregrounds the hypocrisy at the heart of Victorian constructions of femininity and motherhood, and forms a central part of her critique of class and social inequality for women.

scholarly journals A Segregação racial em Goiânia: representação dos dados de cor ou raça (IBGE, 2010)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 170
Author(s):  
Danilo Cardoso Ferreira ◽  
Alex Ratts Ratts
Keyword(s):  
Race Relations ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Racial Inequality ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Data Race ◽  
Race And Class ◽  
The Social ◽  
Color Data ◽  
The Difference

ResumoO presente trabalho consiste em uma abordagem geográfica e uma representação cartográfica dos processos de segregação e de diferenciação socioespacial combinados com a dimensão racial, em Goiânia, com base nos dados de cor/raça e renda do Censo Demográfico (IBGE, 2010). Em primeiro lugar, trazemos leituras do campo da Geografia das relações raciais na sociedade brasileira, voltadas para o espaço urbano, com foco nos referidos processos. Em seguida, tratamos da construção de uma cartografia racial e das questões metodológicas da pesquisa. Discutimos vários estudos realizados acerca da segregação social na capital goiana e elaboramos vários mapas de “espaços de maioria branca” e “espaços de maioria negra”, associados com a identificação de cor ou raça e os níveis de classe, distribuídos por bairros da cidade. Por fim concluímos que os processos em pauta têm uma estreita correlação com a diferença e com a desigualdade racial na cidade, fenômeno que acontece em outras metrópoles brasileiras.Palavras-chave: Diferenciação socioespacial, Segregação socioespacial, Relações raciais, Cartografia racial. AbstractThis paper consists of a geographical approach and a cartographic representation of the processes of segregation and socio-spatial differentiation combined with the racial dimension in Goiania based on color data / race and income of the Census Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE, 2010). At first, we bring readings from the field of Geography of race relations in Brazilian society, facing urban space, focusing on those cases. Then we discuss about the construction of a racial mapping and methodological research questions. We brought several studies on the social segregation in Goias and prepared capital several maps of "mostly white spaces" and "spaces of black majority", associated with the identification of color or race and class levels spread across city neighborhoods. Finally we conclude that the processes under discussion  have a close correlation with the difference and the racial inequality in the city, a phenomenon that happens in other Brazilian cities.Keywords: socio-spatial differentiation, socio-spatial segregation, race relations, racial cartography. Resumen El presente trabajo consiste en un enfoque geográfico y una representación cartográfica de los procesos de segregación y de diferenciación socioespacial combinados con la dimensión racial, en Goiânia, basado en datos de color/raza y renta del Censo Demográfico (IBGE, 2010).En primer lugar, traemos lecturas del campo de la Geografía de las relaciones raciales en la sociedad brasileña, direccionadas para el espacio urbano, con foco en los referidos procesos. En seguida, tratamos de la construcción de una cartografía racial y de las cuestiones metodológicas de investigación.  Discutimos varios estudios realizados sobre la segregación social en la capital goiana y elaboramos varios mapas de “espacios de mayoría blanca” y “espacios de mayoría negra”, asociados con la identificación de color o raza y a los niveles de clase, repartidos por barrios de la ciudad. Por fin llegamos a la conclusión que los procesos en pauta tiene una estrecha correlación con la diferencia y con la desigualdad racial en la ciudad, fenómeno que ocurre en otras metrópolis brasileñas.Palabras-Claves: Diferenciación, socioespacial, Segregación, Relaciones raciales, Cartografía racial. 

scholarly journals Importing American racial reasoning to social science research in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3–4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Voyer ◽  
Anna Lund
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Ethnic Difference ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Racial Categories ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of

How does one research racial categorizations and exclusion while remaining sensitive to context? How does one engage the social reality of racial categorizations and the history of racialized exclusions without falling into the trap of race essentialism? These concerns prompt debate about, and also resistance to, examining race in Swedish social science. In this article, Voyer and Lund offer American racial reasoning as one possible approach to researching race in the Swedish context. American racial reasoning means being attentive to how power and the processes of social inequality operate through categories of racial and ethnic difference, and also seeing the path to greater equality in the embrace of those categories. American racial reasoning is a valuable research tool that uncovers dynamics of social inequality and possibilities for social justice that are otherwise difficult to grasp. Taking up the topic of immigration in Sweden, Voyer and Lund demonstrate the analytical value of American racial reasoning for understanding persistent social inequality and exclusion even when explicit racial categories are not in wide use in everyday life.

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