A History of Shaker Nurse-Herbalists, Health Reform, and the American Botanical Medical Movement (1830-1860)

Abstract Despite its passage a decade ago, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) remains a politically divisive law. These political divisions have long been on display in Congress, in the White House, and in states. A long-standing stalemate in Congress—where Republicans cannot repeal the law and Democrats cannot improve it—has emboldened efforts by the executive branch to act unilaterally to implement, or undermine, the ACA. In turn, the law's opponents and supporters have turned to the courts to promote their favored policy agendas through both broadside attacks on the law and targeted challenges to its implementation. Litigation has become politics pursued through other means. These challenges have often been brought, or opposed, by state attorneys general and governors, with red-state coalitions facing off against blue-state coalitions. ACA litigation has also been characterized by forum shopping, nationwide injunctions, and questions about the court as a truly adversarial forum. This article briefly reviews the history of ACA litigation, discusses these legal norms in the context of the historic health reform law, and considers the implications of this history and the changing judiciary for future health reform efforts.

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Changes in preventive care utilisation and its influencing factors among Chinese adults before and after the healthcare reform: cross-sectional evidence from the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2004–2015

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038763 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. e038763

Author(s):

Ting Ting Wu ◽

Wei Wei Liu ◽

Mao Zou ◽

Xun Lei ◽

Qiang Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Preventive Care ◽

Health Reform ◽

Healthcare Reform ◽

Medical Insurance ◽

Nutrition Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health And Nutrition ◽

Care Utilisation ◽

History Of Disease ◽

History Of

ObjectiveChina launched its health reform in 2009. This study aimed to assess changes in preventive care utilisation (PCU) and its relationship with the healthcare reform.DesignA cross-sectional study using demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, environmental factors, and lifestyle and health status data of adults from five waves (2004–2015) of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) was conducted. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models were used.SettingData were derived from urban and rural communities of nine provinces in China.ParticipantsData were obtained from five waves of the CHNS, with 9960 participants in 2004, 9888 in 2006, 10 286 in 2009, 9709 in 2011, and 10 628 in 2015.OutcomeThe primary outcome was PCU.ResultsPCU in 2004–2015 among adults was 3.29%, 3.13%, 3.77%, 4.95% and 2.73%, respectively. Whether before or after the health reform, having a history of disease and female gender were positive influencing factors of PCU. Before 2009, PCU was significantly associated with gender, income, medical insurance status and region. Age, medical insurance status, history of drinking and education level significantly affected PCU in 2009–2011. Having medical insurance was no longer a positive influencing factor of PCU, while high income had a negative effect on PCU, in 2011–2015.ConclusionsPCU from 2004 to 2015 was low and the health reform in China may lack sustainable effect on PCU. Further studies on how to ensure sustainability of PCU are necessary, and further reforms on preventive care services should be aimed at different ages, rural areas and participants without history of disease.

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Mental Health Parity

Encyclopedia of Social Work ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.1140 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Wayne Lindstrom

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Affordable Care Act ◽

Health Reform ◽

Health Conditions ◽

Mental Health Parity ◽

Access To Treatment ◽

State Laws ◽

Treatment Services ◽

Patient Protection ◽

History Of

Continuing a history of inequity, private insurers have placed restrictions and limitations on coverage for mental health conditions making access to treatment services increasingly more challenging. A state-by-state advocacy movement has led to the enactment of various state laws to require mental health parity. With the Clinton Administration’s attempt at health care reform, mental health parity became part of the health reform debate and led to the passage of the Mental Health Parity Act of 1996. The inadequacies of this law were partially corrected in the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008, which included mandated coverage for substance use conditions. The Obama Administration in 2011 included these provisions in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, which does not require compliance monitoring nor does it provide a definition for “mental health,” which leaves insurers to define it and hence determine what coverage will actually be available.

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Visitations and Gifts

Addicted to Christ ◽

10.1525/california/9780520298033.003.0004 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 73-91

Author(s):

Helena Hansen

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Puerto Rico ◽

Economic History ◽

Health Reform ◽

Addiction Treatment ◽

Moral Economy ◽

The United States ◽

Current Status ◽

History Of ◽

Post Industrial

This chapter considers the question of how Puerto Rico, a formerly Catholic island with U.S. funding to biomedicalize its treatment system, become an epicenter for Protestant addiction evangelism? It fleshes out the connections between the moral economy of street ministries and the political economy of post-industrial Puerto Rico by reconstructing two parallel histories: one is a brief economic history of Puerto Rico's evolution from a Spanish colony to its current status as a “territory” of the United States, with partial eligibility for U.S. federal entitlements while serving initially as a labor pool and later as a tax shelter for U.S. industry. Another is the story of more recent debates surrounding the island's drug policy and addiction treatment under health reform, given that health reform has been a key element of the island's efforts to elevate its status in relation to the United States.

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Dr Vladimir Kalaydzhiev or the Embodiment of Modernity

Scientific knowledge - autonomy, dependence, resistance - Balkanistic Forum ◽

10.37708/bf.swu.v30i3.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 125-147

Author(s):

Mincho Georgiev ◽

Anelia Kassabova

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Health Reform ◽

Large Scale ◽

Public Health Care ◽

Double Reading ◽

History Of ◽

Diachronic Analysis ◽

Basic Characteristics ◽

The 1960S ◽

The One

The text attempts an experimental “double reading” of a significant figure in the history of Bulgarian health care – Dr. Vladimir Kalaydzhiev, initiator and organiser of a large-scale public health care reform in Bulgaria in the 1960s. The authors' different approaches make it possible, on the one hand, to interpret the specifics of the health reform and the reasons for its (partial) repeal in the context of synchronous developments in Europe and controversial, on the other hand, to contraversially offer a diachronic analysis with basic characteristics of the "Catholic West" and the "Orthodox socialist East".

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