Drink and drinking in early Jewish texts: Describing a meal in the World to Come

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-132
Author(s):  
Claudia D. Bergmann
Keyword(s):  
Hebrew Bible ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Natural Water ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The World ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
To Come

Both the Hebrew Bible and extrabiblical literature consider food and drink to be gifts from the deity to be enjoyed by human beings, especially when they live according to the divine laws and in moderation. When it comes to extrabiblical early Jewish texts about the meal in the World to Come, one notices a curious detail: while the World to Come is portrayed as being one of utter abundance and joy, none of the texts actually describe the righteous as drinking. References to drinking natural water, fruit being turned into drink, or any other possibility for the human consumption of liquids are simply absent from these texts. How is this to be explained? This article investigates the possible reasons for the conscious or subconscious omission of a function of the human body that is most common to all human beings.

The Classical Daoist Concept of LI 理 (Pattern) and Early Chinese Cosmology

Early China ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 157-183
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The World ◽  
Expression Of Emotions ◽  
To Come ◽  
Lushi Chunqiu ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Concrete Image

This study traces the origins and development of the concept of Li 理 (Pattern) in early Chinese Cosmology, locating its foundation in the root metaphor derived from the natural lines or veins along which a block of jade can be split by a skilled artisan. From this relatively concrete image, li comes to eventually represent in Daoist cosmology the more abstract quality of the natural patterns or structures within the universe along which all phenomena move and interact with one another without the interference of human beings. After examining how early Confucian works emphasize the more abstract and derivative qualities of order and structure, we see that the likely Yangist authors in the Lüshi chunqiu return to the original metaphor of veins in jade but, instead, apply this to the veins through which the qi circulates through the human body.We then see how this metaphor is expanded beyond the human body in the classical Daoist texts to come to represent the natural guidelines both within all phenomena and those that guide their movements within the cosmos. Within phenomena these include such varied things as the structures for the generation and expression of emotions within human beings as well as the natural lines along which the butcher's chopper passes in order to cleave oxen. In Daoist inner cultivation literature it is these patterns with which sages accord so that their spontaneous actions are completely in harmony with the greater forces of the cosmos. Only after long practice of the apophatic contemplative methods that include concentrating on one breathing and emptying out the normal contents of consciousness can the sage be able to accomplish this goal of “taking no action yet leaving nothing undone.” Thus the concept of li as these natural guidelines comes to serve as an explanation for why this classical Daoist dictum is effective in the world.Finally, the Huainanzi contains the most sophisticated and sustained usages of the concept of li as the natural patterns and guidelines in the cosmos arguing that complying with them is the key to a genuinely contented life.

scholarly journals Hiroshima’s Hibakusha: The Costs of Human Health in a Nuclear Age

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Powell
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Atomic Bomb ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
World War ◽  
Nuclear War ◽  
Nuclear Age ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Many

At the end of World War II, Japan, as well as the rest of the world, was thrust into a new age of unbelievably destructive possibilities: the first use of nuclear weapons against human beings. Not only could such a bomb flatten an entire city, it could do so in only an instant. The poorly understood scars that were left showed a new level of war that the world needs to come to terms with. By considering the many medical effects of the atomic bomb on the victims of Hiroshima City, which encompasses the initial blast, radiation, and traumatic effects, we can gain a better understanding of the terrible costs of human health in nuclear war.

scholarly journals Mathematical Analysis of Confirmed Cases of Coronavirus in South Korea to Assess Difference in Impact on Genders and Assessing Trends for Adequacy of Measures Employed

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2408-2411
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Additional Measure ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
To Come

Coronavirus or COVID-19 has shaken the world like nothing in the last 70 years or more. The approach so far appears to be focused more on preventing spread of cases rather than eradicating the pandemic. While South Korea’s efforts at preventing spread have produced commendable results, a mathematical analysis using polynomial regression indicates that more is needed than the presently employed measures to eradicate this pandemic or address the concern of fatalities on account of COVID-19. A vaccine could be that additional measure without which the pandemic may linger for a long time to come. Further, it is seen that though females appear to be more susceptible to falling prey to the pandemic, fatalities are greater among males indicating that gender may have a role in the manner in which the human body fights this pandemic

Children of the Aimless Chance: Randomness versus Determinism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlatko Vedral
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Lunatic Asylum ◽  
Bertrand Russell ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The World ◽  
Catch 22 ◽  
Fundamental Law ◽  
To Come ◽  
Controversial Area

In our search for the ultimate law, P, that allows us to encode the whole of reality we have come across a very fundamental obstacle. As Deutsch argued, P cannot be all-encompassing, simply because it cannot explain its own origins. We need a law more fundamental than P, from which P can be derived. But then this more fundamental law also needs to come from somewhere. This is like the metaphor of the painter in the lunatic asylum, who is trying to paint a picture of the garden he is sitting in. He can never find a way to completely include himself in the picture and gets caught in an infinite regression. Does this mean we can never understand the whole of reality? Maybe so, given that any postulate that we start from needs its own explanation. Any law that underlies reality ultimately needs an a priori law. This puts us in a bit of a ‘Catch 22’ situation. So, are we resigned to failure or is there a way out? Is there some fundamental level at which events have no a priori causes and we can break the infinite regression? What does it mean for an event to have no a priori cause? This means that, even with all prior knowledge, we cannot infer that this event will take place. Furthermore, if there were genuinely acausal events in this Universe, this would imply a fundamentally random element of reality that cannot be reduced to anything deterministic. This is a hugely controversial area, with various proponents of religion, science, and philosophy all having a quite contrasting set of views on this. Often people get very emotional over this question, as it has profound implications for us as human beings. Could it be that some events just don’t have first causes? The British philosopher Bertrand Russell thought so. In Russell’s famous debate with Reverend Copleston on the origin of the world, Copleston thought everything must have a cause, and therefore the world has a cause – and this cause is ultimately God himself.

scholarly journals Wêreld- en tydsbeskouing in antieke kulture

2003 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Nel
Keyword(s):  
Near East ◽  
Ancient Near East ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
World Views ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One

View of the world and time in ancient culturesThree important cultures that dominated the Ancient Near East in the three millennia BCE are investigated to delineate their world views, as well as their views of time and eternity. The aim of the article is to describe the view of the world and time in ancient cultures. The Egyptian, Mesopotamian and Vedic Indian cultures and theologies largely have the same view of the world, namely that it is an ordered unity that would keep on existing as it is known for all ages and time to come. Among these cultures there is no expectation of a world that would be made perfect, or become immutable in its perfection. They did not fantasize about a world without chaos. Chaos is the one factor that exists through all ages alongside order. Chaos is known to human beings in their daily existence in the form of warfare, drought and floods, with resultant famine. These conditions were typical of those times in areas where, with the exception of the fertile valleys alongside rivers, desert conditions otherwise prevailed and are interpreted theologically in terms of a combat between order and chaos, or between gods and demons.

„Mērnieku laiki” un vienradža smadzenes: gastrotulkojuma samērojums

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Mārtiņš Laizāns
Keyword(s):  
Research Literature ◽  
Target Language ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Cultural Spaces ◽  
History Of ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Times ◽  
The 19Th Century

In this article, a fragment from the novel “Mērnieku laiki” (‘The Times of the Land Surveyors’, 1879) by Reinis and Matīss Kaudzīte has been compared with its translations in several languages. The chosen fragment contentwise is saturated with elements of gastronomic cornucopia, and most of these and the accompanying phenomena of the imagined honorary feast can be considered utopian in their nature. In addition, the content of the fragment has been dressed in an utterly Rabelaisian language and poetics, and the tone of the fragment is comical as well, – enumeration crammed with hyperboles containing several language layers, which, in turn, serve as evidence about the ideas of the average Latvian peasant about the world beyond the borders of his parish in the middle of the 19th century. It is important to juxtapose this fragment with its translations as the translation of food and drink is not only a problem of literature, but the daily praxis in this regard produces a lot of intercultural misunderstandings. This comparison allows us to see the challenges and difficulties the translators had to encounter. It also allows to make observations about the solutions the translators had to come up with, and the possible effect produced on the target language audience – to what extent it has been successful and to what degree the atmosphere and language portrayed in the fragment by Kaudzītes is adaptable to other cultural spaces. In the article, the translation history of “Mērnieku laiki” has been described, the connections between the comical and gastropoetics in literature and literary studies, as well as the research literature on the translation of these aspects. In the article, the compared texts are the original by Kaudzītes and seven translations – two German, two Russian, two Lithuanian, and one Estonian translation.

scholarly journals USO DE MAQUETAS DEL CUERPO HUMANO PARA FACILITAR EL APRENDIZAJE EN EL CURSO DE ANATOMÍA Y FISIOLOGÍA HUMANA EN EDP UNIVERSITY

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Anadeliz Sánchez Román
Keyword(s):  
Human Physiology ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Scale Models ◽  
The World ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Human Systems

<p align="justify">Multiple intelligences are nine abilities in the human beings which allow them to see the world differently. The investigation is focused in discovering techniques that will help facilitate the process of learning and strengthen the intelligences of each individual. A research was conducted to analyze such effect in scale models of human systems. Besides, it was also presented to a group of students taking the course: Anatomy and Human Physiology. Taking into account that a scale model is a physical reproduction in scale of two or three dimensions; something real or fictitious in a reduced size. Concept test were developed on two systems in the human body, they consisted of three skills: memory, identification and analysis. One test was placed to students before making the scale model of the human body and the other one after, while the other test was placed before and after having discussed such human systems without using scale models.<br />The results of the research showed that the students demonstrate better understanding of the human systems when they were taught using scales of the human body, versus those taught by conferences only. When scales were used there was an increase of skills of 23% in memory, 46% in identification and a 38% in analysis. On the other hand students that did not have scale models only increased 17% in memory, 14% in identification and 9% in analysis. Therefore I conclude that there is a correlation between the techniques of evaluation and the process of learning in students. Finally, the use of scale models to teach was effective.</p>

A Home in the World: People and Places in Rabindranath Tagore’s Chaturanga

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-78
Author(s):  
Kamalika Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environments ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Father Figure ◽  
Rabindranath Tagore ◽  
Meaningful Activity ◽  
Rural Settings ◽  
The World ◽  
To Come ◽  
The City

There is a tendency in literature to poeticise rural settings over their urban counterparts based on the proposition that villages bring human beings closer to nature, whereas cities come between them. Problems born and accentuated in urban environments are often, in fiction and poetry, resolved in a more rural atmosphere. In his 1916 novella Chaturanga, Rabindranath Tagore seems to challenge this popular inclination. The story begins in Calcutta, moves to rural Bengal and then returns to the city. After his uncle, who was also his father-figure, philosopher and guide, dies, Sachish disappears from Calcutta. When his friend and the narrator of the text, Sribilash, finds him two years later in a village, Sachish has joined a so-called mystic named Leelananda Swami. He has also changed unrecognisably. Sribilash is shocked at his transformation and is distrustful of Leelananda Swami, but he cannot abandon his friend, so he too, joins the guru. He too seems to leave behind his old self and becomes engrossed and entranced in a new, unreal world. It is only when he returns to the city that Sribilash seems to come out of his trance and shake off the false skin; he misses or becomes his former hard-working and useful self again. Sachish’s path, however, is irrevocably changed. In this paper, I wish to examine why and how Tagore, who wrote so many thousands of lines in so many different forms eulogising nature, depicted an apparent divide between nature and human beings in this text: when the men are in the city, they are grounded in reality and engaged in meaningful activity; when they are in the lap of nature, so to speak, they seem to become disoriented escapists. I will also address the importance of the fact that these characters retire froity when they are bereaved and spend their mourning period in the villages, and that their return to Calcutta is closely linked to the appearance of a new love interest in their lives. The paper will explore how, in this particular text, people and places seem to affect each other and what they signify.

Yair Lorberbaum. Image of God, Halakhah and Aggadah. Tel Aviv: Schocken Publishing House, 2004. 544 pp.

AJS Review ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-167
Author(s):  
Joshua Kulp
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Image Of God ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Divine Presence ◽  
Tel Aviv ◽  
The World ◽  
Physical Manifestation

The central thesis of Lorberbaum's book is that according to the rabbis, the meaning of imago dei is that there is tangible divine presence within every human being. This concept impacted primarily upon two areas of halakhah: the death penalty and procreation. Since humans are physical representations of God, execution is equivalent in some ways to deicide. Conversely, procreation is strongly mandated because it increases God's physical manifestation in the world by creating more vehicles in which to embody God's presence. Importantly, as “images” of the divine, human beings function as icons in a manner similar to the way idols function in the pagan world; they draw God's presence into themselves, blurring the borders between representation and form. Finally, the drawing of God's presence into the human body dictates that human beings are embodied with significant theurgic powers.

scholarly journals Anthropology of the Living and the Dead: The Case of the Human Body and Technics (an Afterword to the Discussion)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei V. SOKOLOVSKIY
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Interdisciplinary Dialogue ◽  
The World ◽  
The Dead ◽  
New Research

This paper summarizes the discussion on anthropological approaches to the study of the interface of human body and technologies. Employing the concept of ‘hypocognition’ suggested by Robert Levy, the author describes the search for the conceptual tools necessary to create interdisciplinary dialogue in this new research field. In addition to a brief overview of this search and the resulting discussion, the paper argues with the traditional approach to the human body and technologies as separate phenomena. As new technologies interact with the human body in new and intricate ways, and influence human beings, societies, and cultures across the world, their study must become part and parcel of anthropology, which has so far focused on tradition and paid less attention to innovations.

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