Evaluation of Chemical and Antiviral Properties of Essential Oils from South American Plants

The essential oils of seven aromatic plants from Córdoba, San Luis and San Juan Provinces (Argentina) were isolated by steam distillation and analysed by a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry technique. The oils were screened for cytotoxicity and in vitro inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) and Junin virus (JUNV) by a virucidal test. The oils showed a variable virucidal action according to the virus. The better relationship between cytotoxicity and antivirus action was observed with the essential oils of Heterothalamus alienus and Buddleja cordobensis against JUNV, with virucidal concentration 50% (VC50) values of 44.2 and 39.0 ppm and therapeutic indices (cytotoxicity to virucidal activity ratio) of 3.3 and 4.0, respectively. The inhibitory action was exerted by a direct interaction of virions with the oils. Virions inactivated with B. cordobensis and H. alienus essential oil were not affected in their ability to bind to the host cell. The therapeutic indices shown by these essential oils in toto were very modest, but given the complexity of their chemical composition the future identification of the precise active principle may allow the elimination of cytotoxic components and increase the selectivity of the effective compound.

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Virucidal Activity and Chemical Composition of Essential Oils from Aromatic Plants of Central West Argentina

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1000500834 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (8) ◽

pp. 1934578X1000500 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cybele C. García ◽

Eliana G. Acosta ◽

Ana C. Carro ◽

María C. Fernández Belmonte ◽

Renata Bomben ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Virus Type ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Virucidal Activity ◽

Aromatic Plants ◽

Simplex Virus ◽

Hsv 1

The essential oils of seven aromatic plants from central west argentina were isolated by steam distillation and analyzed by a gas chromatography mass spectrometry technique. The oils were screened for cytotoxicity and In Vitro inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) and Junin virus (JUNV). The oils showed a variable virucidal action according to the virus. JUNV was the least susceptible virus in comparison with HSV-1 and DENV-2. The better relationship between cytotoxicity and inhibitory activity was observed for the essential oil of Lantana grisebachiii (Seckt.) var. grisebachii against DENV-2 and HSV-1 with IC50 (inhibitory concentration 50%) values of 21.1 and 26.1 ppm, respectively. This effect was specific since the selectivity indices (ratio cytotoxicity/virucidal activity) were > 23.7 and > 19.1 for DENV-2 and HSV-1, respectively. Furthermore, the oil from L. grisebachii was also an effective inhibitor of HSV-2 and acyclovir resistant variants of herpes virus. This study demonstrates the effective and selective inhibitory activity of the essential oil from Lantana grisebachii against HSV and DENV by direct virus inactivation.

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Cytotoxic, Virucidal, and Antiviral Activity of South American Plant and Algae Extracts

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/174837 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Paula Faral-Tello ◽

Santiago Mirazo ◽

Carmelo Dutra ◽

Andrés Pérez ◽

Lucía Geis-Asteggiante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antiviral Activity ◽

Direct Interaction ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

South American ◽

Innovative Drug ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Simplex Virus ◽

New Compounds ◽

Hsv 1

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection has a prevalence of 70% in the human population. Treatment is based on acyclovir, valacyclovir, and foscarnet, three drugs that share the same mechanism of action and of which resistant strains have been isolated from patients. In this aspect, innovative drug therapies are required. Natural products offer unlimited opportunities for the discovery of antiviral compounds. In this study, 28 extracts corresponding to 24 plant species and 4 alga species were assayedin vitroto detect antiviral activity against HSV-1. Six of the methanolic extracts inactivated viral particles by direct interaction and 14 presented antiviral activity when incubated with cells already infected. Most interesting antiviral activity values obtained are those ofLimonium brasiliense, Psidium guajava,andPhyllanthus niruri, which inhibit HSV-1 replicationin vitrowith 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of 185, 118, and 60 μg/mL, respectively. For these extracts toxicity values were calculated and therefore selectivity indexes (SI) obtained. Further characterization of the bioactive components of antiviral plants will pave the way for the discovery of new compounds against HSV-1.

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Susceptibility of Drug-Resistant Clinical Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Strains to Essential Oils of Ginger, Thyme, Hyssop, and Sandalwood

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00426-06 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 51 (5) ◽

pp. 1859-1862 ◽

Cited By ~ 75

Author(s):

Paul Schnitzler ◽

Christine Koch ◽

Jürgen Reichling

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Virus Type ◽

Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Simplex Virus ◽

Hsv 1

ABSTRACT Acyclovir-resistant clinical isolates of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) were analyzed in vitro for their susceptibilities to essential oils of ginger, thyme, hyssop, and sandalwood. All essential oils exhibited high levels of virucidal activity against acyclovir-sensitive strain KOS and acyclovir-resistant HSV-1 clinical isolates and reduced plaque formation significantly.

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The effect of prostaglandins on the multiplication and cell-to-cell spread of herpes simplex virus type 2 in vitro

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.1016/0002-9378(82)90589-0 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 144 (3) ◽

pp. 346-349 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

David A. Baker ◽

Joanne Thomas ◽

Judy Epstein ◽

Dominic Possilico ◽

Martin L. Stone

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Virus Type ◽

Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽

Simplex Virus ◽

Cell Spread

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Construction of a US3 lacZ insertion mutant of herpes simplex virus type 2 and characterization of its phenotype in vitro and in vivo

Virology ◽

10.1016/0042-6822(92)91212-d ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 190 (1) ◽

pp. 256-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 59

Author(s):

Yukihiro Nishiyama ◽

Yoshinari Yamada ◽

Ryutaro Kurachi ◽

Tohru Daikoku

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Virus Type ◽

Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽

Insertion Mutant ◽

Simplex Virus

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Entry of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 into Primary Sensory Neurons In Vitro Is Mediated by Nectin-1/HveC

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.77.5.3307-3311.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 77 (5) ◽

pp. 3307-3311 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Sarah M. Richart ◽

Scott A. Simpson ◽

Claude Krummenacher ◽

J. Charles Whitbeck ◽

Lewis I. Pizer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Herpes Simplex Virus ◽

Herpes Simplex ◽

Sensory Neurons ◽

Virus Type ◽

Herpes Simplex Virus Type ◽

Primary Cultures ◽

Simplex Virus ◽

Hsv 1

ABSTRACT Primary cultures of rat and mouse sensory neurons were used to study the entry of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Soluble, truncated nectin-1 but not HveA prevented viral entry. Antibodies against nectin-1 also blocked infection of rat neurons. These results indicate that nectin-1 is the primary receptor for HSV-1 infection of sensory neurons.

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Phytotoxicity of Essential Oils on Selected Weeds: Potential Hazard on Food Crops

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants7040079 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 79 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

María Ibáñez ◽

María Blázquez

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Food Crops ◽

Potential Hazard ◽

Spectrometry Analysis

The chemical composition of winter savory, peppermint, and anise essential oils, and in vitro and in vivo phytotoxic activity against weeds (Portulaca oleracea, Lolium multiflorum, and Echinochloa crus-galli) and food crops (maize, rice, and tomato), have been studied. Sixty-four compounds accounting for between 97.67–99.66% of the total essential oils were identified by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis. Winter savory with carvacrol (43.34%) and thymol (23.20%) as the main compounds produced a total inhibitory effect against the seed germination of tested weed. Menthol (48.23%), menthone (23.33%), and iso-menthone (16.33%) from peppermint only showed total seed germination inhibition on L. multiflorum, whereas no significant effects were observed with trans-anethole (99.46%) from anise at all concentrations (0.125–1 µL/mL). Low doses of peppermint essential oil could be used as a sustainable alternative to synthetic agrochemicals to control L. multiflorum. The results corroborate that in vivo assays with a commercial emulsifiable concentrate need higher doses of the essential oils to reproduce previous in vitro trials. The higher in vivo phytotoxicity of winter savory essential oil constitutes an eco-friendly and less pernicious alternative to weed control. It is possible to achieve a greater in vivo phytotoxicity if less active essential oil like peppermint is included with other active excipients.

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