Let It Go: Lingering Negative Affect in Response to Daily Stressors Is Associated With Physical Health Years Later

The way we respond to life’s daily stressors has strong implications for our physical health. Researchers have documented the detrimental effects of initial emotional reactivity to daily stressors on future physical health outcomes but have yet to examine the effects of emotions that linger after a stressor occurs. The current study investigated how negative affect that lingers the day after a minor stressor occurs is associated with health-related outcomes. Participants ( N = 1,155) in a community-based, nationwide study answered questions about daily stressors and affect across 8 consecutive days and about their physical health almost 10 years later. Multilevel models indicated that people experience heightened levels of negative affect the day after a stressor occurs. Furthermore, higher levels of lingering negative affect are associated with greater numbers of chronic conditions and worse functional limitations 10 years later. Findings suggest that affective recovery from daily stressors has unique importance for long-term physical health.

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Personality Traits Predict Long-Term Physical Health via Affect Reactivity to Daily Stressors

Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/0956797620980738 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 095679762098073

Author(s):

Kate A. Leger ◽

Nicholas A. Turiano ◽

William Bowling ◽

Jessica L. Burris ◽

David M. Almeida

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Physical Health ◽

Functional Limitations ◽

Stressful Events ◽

Daily Stressors ◽

Physical Health Outcomes ◽

Affect Reactivity ◽

The Relationship

Researchers hypothesize that how people react to daily stressful events partly explains the relationship between personality and health, yet no study has examined longitudinal associations between these factors. The current study focused on the role of negative affect reactivity to daily stressful events as a mediating pathway between personality and physical health outcomes using three waves of data spanning 20 years from a nationwide probability sample of 1,176 adults. Results indicated that negative affect reactivity partially mediated personality and physical health. Wave 1 neuroticism was associated with greater negative affect reactivity at Wave 2, which predicted the development of chronic conditions and functional limitations at Wave 3. Higher conscientiousness at Wave 1 was associated with less negative affect reactivity at Wave 2, which predicted better physical health at Wave 3. These findings highlight the usefulness of using a daily-stress framework for understanding how personality impacts health over time, which has important implications for stress management and disease prevention.

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Affect Reactivity to Daily Stressors Mediates the Relationship Between Personality Traits and Physical Health

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.964 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 250-251

Author(s):

Nicholas Turiano ◽

William Bowling ◽

Jessica Burris ◽

David Almeida ◽

Kate Leger

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Physical Health ◽

Personality Traits ◽

Functional Limitations ◽

Stressful Events ◽

Daily Stressors ◽

Physical Health Outcomes ◽

Affect Reactivity ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Researchers hypothesize that how people react to daily stressful events partly explains the personality-health relationship, yet no study has examined longitudinal associations between these factors. The current study examined the role of negative affect reactivity to daily stressors as a mediating pathway between personality and physical health outcomes using three waves of data spanning 20-years from a nationwide probability sample of 1,176 adults. Results indicate that Wave 1 neuroticism was associated with greater negative affect reactivity at Wave 2, which then predicted the development of chronic conditions and functional limitations at Wave 3. Higher conscientiousness was associated with less negative affect reactivity, which in turn predicted better physical health at Wave 3. Negative affect reactivity partially mediated both personality traits and physical. These findings highlight the usefulness of using a daily stress framework for understanding how personality impacts health over time, which has important implications for disease prevention.

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The Effect of Intimate Partner Violence on the Physical Health and Health-Related Behaviors of Women: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Trauma Violence & Abuse ◽

10.1177/1524838020985541 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 152483802098554

Author(s):

Anita Stubbs ◽

Cassandra Szoeke

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Intimate Partner Violence ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Physical Health ◽

Partner Violence ◽

Intimate Partner ◽

Physical Health Outcomes ◽

Health Related Behaviors ◽

Health Related

Aim: The long-term effects of intimate partner violence (IPV) on physical health outcomes and health-related behaviors are underresearched in comparison to the effects on mental health and pregnancy. This systematic review examines the recent research in this area from 2012 through 2019. Methods: SCOPUS, PubMed, EBSCOhost, and gray literature were searched using the key words “intimate partner violence” and “health.” To meet inclusion criteria, studies needed to be original research and focus on IPV during adulthood and its effects on the physical health or health-related behaviors of women. Fifty-two studies were qualitatively analyzed, with results grouped into broad categories of effects, including cardiovascular, endocrine, infectious diseases, and health screening. Results: IPV was shown to have negative effects on physical health outcomes for women, including worsening the symptoms of menopause and increasing the risk of developing diabetes, contracting sexually transmitted infections, engaging in risk-taking behaviors including the abuse of drugs and alcohol, and developing chronic diseases and pain. It also has significant effects on human immunodeficiency virus outcomes, worsening CD4+ cell depletion. Results varied regarding the effects of IPV on cardiovascular health outcomes. Conclusion: The result of this review demonstrates that women who have experienced violence and abuse are at significantly increased risk of poor health outcomes in a variety of areas and so require specialized and tailored primary care. This review highlights significant gaps in this field of research, particularly in relation to cardiovascular disease, endocrine dysfunction, and neurological symptoms and conditions. It demonstrates a need for additional long-term studies in this field to better inform the health care of women who have experienced IPV and to establish the physiological mediators of these outcomes.

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BFF: Bayesian, Fiducial, Frequentist Analysis of Age Effects in Daily Diary Data

The Journals of Gerontology Series B ◽

10.1093/geronb/gbz100 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 75 (1) ◽

pp. 67-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shevaun D Neupert ◽

Jan Hannig

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Age Differences ◽

Emotional Reactivity ◽

Multilevel Models ◽

Daily Diary ◽

Age Effects ◽

Additional Information ◽

Diary Data ◽

Exposure Data ◽

Health Related

Abstract Objectives We apply new statistical models to daily diary data to advance both methodological and conceptual goals. We examine age effects in within-person slopes in daily diary data and introduce Generalized Fiducial Inference (GFI), which provides a compromise between frequentist and Bayesian inference. We use daily stressor exposure data across six domains to generate within-person emotional reactivity slopes with daily negative affect. We test for systematic age differences and similarities in these reactivity slopes, which are inconsistent in previous research. Method One hundred and eleven older (aged 60–90) and 108 younger (aged 18–36) adults responded to daily stressor and negative affect questions each day for eight consecutive days, resulting in 1,438 total days. Daily stressor domains included arguments, avoided arguments, work/volunteer stressors, home stressors, network stressors, and health-related stressors. Results Using Bayesian, GFI, and frequentist paradigms, we compared results for the six stressor domains with a focus on interpreting age effects in within-person reactivity. Multilevel models suggested null age effects in emotional reactivity across each of the paradigms within the domains of avoided arguments, work/volunteer stressors, home stressors, and health-related stressors. However, the models diverged with respect to null age effects in emotional reactivity to arguments and network stressors. Discussion The three paradigms converged on null age effects in reactivity for four of the six stressor domains. GFI is a useful tool that provides additional information when making determinations regarding null age effects in within-person slopes. We provide the code for readers to apply these models to their own data.

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Daily Perceptions of Aging and Implications for Stress Reactivity

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igab046.2100 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 550-551

Author(s):

Bethany Wilton-Harding ◽

Tim Windsor

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Emotional Reactivity ◽

Multilevel Models ◽

Stress Reactivity ◽

Well Being ◽

Daily Stressors ◽

Older Adulthood ◽

Daily Diary Study ◽

Age Related ◽

Perceptions Of Aging

Abstract Awareness of one’s own aging has received increasing attention in the field of gerontology over the last decade. This study examines the role awareness of age-related change (AARC) may play in the association between daily stressors and well-being. Recently, individuals’ awareness of both age-related gains and age-related losses has been shown to vary on a day-to-day basis (Neupert & Bellingtier, 2017). We expected that increases in daily AARC-losses may be associated with increased emotional reactivity to daily stressors, whereas increases in AARC-gains may be associated with decreased reactivity. Data were collected in a daily diary study from a community-based sample of 152 Australian participants aged 53 to 86 (M = 69.18, SD = 5.73). Participants completed daily assessments of AARC, stressors and emotional affect (positive and negative) on their smartphones for 10 consecutive days. Analysis of within-person coupling using multilevel models indicated that daily increases in AARC-losses were associated with increased reactivity to daily stressors (represented by high negative affect and low positive affect). On the other hand, daily increases in AARC-gains were associated with decreased reactivity to daily stressors (represented by low negative affect). Results indicate that even short-term fluctuations in perceptions of aging may be an important factor to consider when investigating associations between daily stressors and well-being in older adulthood. Specifically, greater daily AARC-losses may contribute to lower emotional well-being, whereas an appreciation of positive age-related changes (AARC-gains) may play a role in mitigating emotional reactivity to daily stress experiences in older adulthood.

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Childhood Sexual Abuse and Long-Term Physical Health Outcomes

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e539292014-001 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Anna C. Hoffman ◽

Elizabeth M. Altmaier

Keyword(s):

Sexual Abuse ◽

Childhood Sexual Abuse ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Physical Health ◽

Physical Health Outcomes

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Long-Term Physical Health Outcomes of Resettled Refugee Populations in the United States: A Scoping Review

Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health ◽

10.1007/s10903-021-01146-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gayathri S. Kumar ◽

Jenna A. Beeler ◽

Emma E. Seagle ◽

Emily S. Jentes

Keyword(s):

Health Outcomes ◽

Physical Health ◽

Public Health Practice ◽

The United States ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Physical Health Outcomes ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Us ◽

Bhutanese Refugee

AbstractSeveral studies describe the health of recently resettled refugee populations in the US beyond the first 8 months after arrival. This review summarizes the results of these studies. Scientific articles from five databases published from January 2008 to March 2019 were reviewed. Articles were included if study subjects included any of the top five US resettlement populations during 2008–2018 and if data described long-term physical health outcomes beyond the first 8 months after arrival in the US. Thirty-three studies met the inclusion criteria (1.5%). Refugee adults had higher odds of having a chronic disease compared with non-refugee immigrant adults, and an increased risk for diabetes compared with US-born controls. The most commonly reported chronic diseases among Iraqi, Somali, and Bhutanese refugee adults included diabetes and hypertension. Clinicians should consider screening and evaluating for chronic conditions in the early resettlement period. Further evaluations can build a more comprehensive, long-term health profile of resettled refugees to inform public health practice.

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