Updated fraction of cancer attributable to lifestyle and environmental factors in Denmark in 2018

Environmental exposures and avoidable risk factors account for a large proportion of cancer burden. Exposures and lifestyle vary over time and between populations, which calls for updated and population-specific quantification of how various avoidable risk factors influence cancer risk to plan and design rational and targeted prevention initiatives. The study considered 12 risk-factor groups categorized as class I carcinogens by IARC/WCRF. Exposure data was derived from national studies and surveys and were linked to cancer incidence in 2018 based on the nationwide Danish Cancer Registry. In 2018, 23,078 men and 21,196 women were diagnosed with cancer excluding non-melanoma skin cancer, in Denmark. Of these, 14,235 (32.2%) were estimated to be attributable to avoidable class I carcinogens. Tobacco smoking accounted for 14.6% of total cancers, followed by UV-radiation that accounted for 5.8%. Based on exposure data from 2008, one-third of the cancers in Denmark in 2018 are estimated to be caused by class I carcinogens with tobacco use being the main contributor followed by UV-radiation. Our results should be integrated with public health policies to effectively increase awareness and promote strategies to decrease risk factor exposures at population level.

Use of Botulism Antitoxin Heptavalent (A, B, C, D, E, F, G)—(Equine) (BAT®) in Clinical Study Subjects and Patients: A 15-Year Systematic Safety Review

Botulism is a rare, sometimes fatal paralytic illness caused by botulinum neurotoxins. BAT® (Botulism Antitoxin Heptavalent (A, B, C, D, E, F, G)—(Equine)) is an equine-derived heptavalent botulinum antitoxin indicated for the treatment of symptomatic botulism in adult and pediatric patients. This review assesses the cumulative safety profile for BAT product from 2006 to 2020, using data received from clinical studies, an expanded-access program, a post-licensure registry, spontaneous and literature reports. The adverse event (AE) incidence rate for BAT product was calculated conservatively using only BAT product exposures for individuals with a record (512) and was alternatively estimated using all BAT product exposure data, including post-licensure deployment information (1128). The most frequently reported BAT product-related AEs occurring in greater than 1% of the 512–1128 BAT product-exposed individuals were hypersensitivity, pyrexia, tachycardia, bradycardia, anaphylaxis, and blood pressure increase reported in 2.3–5.1%, 1.8–3.9%, 1.0–2.2%, 0.89–2.0%, 0.62–1.4%, and 0.62–1.4%, respectively. For patients properly managed in an intensive care setting, the advantages of BAT product appear to outweigh potential risks in patients due to morbidity and mortality of botulism. AEs of special interest, including bradycardia, hemodynamic instability, hypersensitivity, serum sickness, and febrile reactions in the registry, were specifically solicited.

Sensitive Data Exposure: Data Forwarding and Storage on Cloud Environment

Sensitive data has become an essential part of life today. With the increase in sensitive data, the importance of maintaining its confidentiality and integrity has increased. One of the solutions became to store this data in the cloud. But the risk of revealing this data still exists. This is because the rate of attack, leakage and loss of this data has become a serious matter. The importance of sensitive data in our current era is considered our oil, as it is very important in several uses in statistical analyzes and other important matters that help the authorities to know the type of people and their interests, and when publishing this information it is important to know what information should be available and What information should not appear or be used on the sites. In this paper, discuss this issue, which is one of the most important security issues that is sensitive data exposure. We touched on this research and the techniques used to reduce these risks to the data stored in the cloud. Mention the types of sensitive data and the types of attacks that may affect these data, and mention the points of weakness, and then the methods of protecting this data.

Identifying the Impact-Related Data Uses and Gaps for Hydrometeorological Impact Forecasts and Warnings

Impact Forecasts and Warnings (IFW) are key to resilience for hydrometeorological hazards. Communicating the potential social, economic, and environmental hazard impacts allows individuals and communities to adjust their plans and better prepare for the consequences of the hazard. IFW systems require additional knowledge about impacts, and underlying vulnerability and exposure. Lack of data or knowledge about impacts, vulnerability, and exposure has been identified as a challenge for IFW implementation. In this study, we begin to address this challenge by developing an understanding of the data needs and uses for IFWs. Using Grounded Theory Methodology, we conducted a series of interviews with users and creators of hazard, impact, vulnerability, and exposure data (e.g., warning services, forecasters, meteorologists, hydrologists, emergency managers, data specialists, risk modellers) to understand where these data are needed and used in the Warning Value Chain, a concept used to represent and understand the flow of information amongst actors in the warning chain (Golding et al., 2019). In support of existing research, we found a growing need for creating, gathering, and using impact, vulnerability, and exposure data for IFWs. Furthermore, we identified different approaches for impact forecasting and defining impact thresholds using objective models and subjective impact-oriented discussions depending on the data available. We also provided new insight into a growing need to identify, model, and warn for social and health impacts, which have typically taken a back seat to modelling and forecasting physical and infrastructure impacts. Our findings on the data needs and uses within IFW systems will help guide their development and provide a pathway for identifying specific relevant data sources.

TOWARDS A FRAMEWORK FOR LIGHT-DOSIMETRY STUDIES: METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS

For field research of non-visual effects of light, accurate measurement of personal light exposure is required. A consensus framework for light-dosimetry could improve non-visual field research and ensure comparability between studies. Here we present a review of methodologies used in non-visual light-dosimetry studies published to date, focussing on considerations regarding the measurement and preparation of personal light exposure data. Overall, a large variability in the studies’ methodologies is observed, highlighting the need for a consensus framework. We propose methodological considerations that should be included in such a framework and that can guide future studies. Furthermore, we highlight important points that should be addressed in future research to ensure compatibility between different dosimetry studies. Taken together, this review effort underlines the importance of a systematic approach to light-dosimetry in order to harness all the power of integrative lighting research in real-life.

Characteristics of hail hazard in South Africa based on satellite detection of convective storms

Accurate estimates of hail risk to fixed and mobile assets such as crops, infrastructure and vehicles are required for both insurance pricing and preventive measures. Here we present an event catalog to describe hail hazard in South Africa guided by 14 years of geostationary satellite observations of convective storms. Overshooting cloud tops have been detected, grouped and tracked to describe the spatio-temporal extent of potential hail events. It is found that hail events concentrate mainly in the southeast of the country, along the Highveld and the eastern slopes. Events are most frequent from mid-November through February and peak in the afternoon, between 13 and 17 UTC. Multivariate stochastic modeling of event properties yields an event catalog spanning 25 000 years, aiming to estimate, in combination with vulnerability and exposure data, hail damage for return periods of 200 years.

Understanding the concept of Islamic education for millennial in Indonesia

The core discussion of this study is on understanding the concept of Islamic education for the millennial generation in Indonesia. The author believes that the idea of teaching Islamic education for the millennial generation is undoubtedly different from the teaching methods of the previous generation. For this reason, we have presented a series of data from previous studies, issues, and characteristics of teaching Islamic education in a modern way. Some literary sources the author found by searching online on several well-known publications such as Elsevier, Taylor & Francis, Academic Edu, ERIC, and many data from websites. After reviewing and discussing the data, involving in-depth evaluation under a phenomenological approach, the writers obtain valid and up-to-date finding data. Based on the exposure data, we get models and characteristics of Islamic education in the millennial generation, including educational systems and methods that are suitable for millennial children; freedom of questioning and exploration methods, personal, independent learning by relying on fast and instant information, hyper-technology-based learning, rich in ideas and exploratory approaches. Thus, this finding becomes an essential input in developing Islamic studies for the millennial generation in the future.

The effects of pedestrian and bicycle exposure on crash risk in Minneapolis

Exposure to risk is a theoretically important correlate of crash risk, but many safety performance functions (SPFs) for pedestrian and bicycle traffic have yet to include the mode-specific measures of exposure. When SPFs are used in the systematic approach to assess network-wide crash risk, the omission of the exposure potentially could affect the identification of high-risk locations. Using crash data from Minneapolis, this study constructs and compares two sets of SPFs, one with pedestrian and bicycle exposure variables and the other without, for network-wide intersection and mid-block crash models. Inclusion of mode-specific exposure variables improves model validity and measures of goodness-of-fit and increases accuracy of predictions of pedestrian and bicycle crash risk. Including these exposure variables in the SPFs changes the distribution of high-risk locations, including the proportion of high-risk locations in low-income and racially concentrated areas. These results confirm the importance of incorporating exposure measures within SPFs and the need for pedestrian and bicycle monitoring programs to generate exposure data.