The analysis of training and development of reserve components in efforts to strengthen the national defense system against global military threats (qualitative)

The various types of military and non-military threats which occur in the world globally indirectly demand the readiness of every country to deal with them. The form of the military threats which happened frequently in the global world are war and territorial disputes between countries. In this case, implicitly and explicitly, Indonesia is also facing military threats related to sovereignty, one of which is the dispute over the South China Sea which has now changed its name to the North Natuna Sea. In terms of maritime military defense, Indonesia itself relies on the presence of the naval forces from the Navy and Bakamla (Navy Security Agency), but this defense effort has not yet involved all levels of society. The state defense system owned by Indonesia is the Universal Defense System which involves the strength of the main Component, the reserve components, and the supporting components. The reserve component is a group of people who are fostered and trained on a military basis to prepare strength when faced with a military emergency situation. In the process of training and developing the reserve components, the competent authorities have prepared the basics and provisions in maximizing the potential of their human resources. The aims of the research were to find out how the training and development of the reserve component in an effort to strengthen the national defense system. The method of the research was using qualitative method with literature study as the collecting data method. The result of the research is that it is hoped that there will be a transfer of knowledge system in the process of training and developing human resources for Indonesian reserve components, in order to strengthen the national defense system against global military threats.

EMPOWERMENT OF INDONESIAN MILITARY RESERVE COMPONENT IN FACING THE PANDEMIC THREAT OF COVID-19

<div><p class="Els-history-head">Reserve Components are National Resources that have been prepared to be mobilized to enlarge and strengthen the capabilities of the Main Components and Supporting Components. The theory used in this research is the theory of national defense, threat theory, and empowerment. The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis problem that not only affecting the population health sector but also security. The decline in living conditions and people's welfare then also affects the security sector where there is an increase in the number of criminal acts that can threaten public security and order in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to find out how the government will empower the reserve components to help protect the country's sovereignty, maintain state security when the COVID-19 pandemic occurs and what steps have been taken by the Indonesian government. The result shows that the Indonesian Military Reserve Component including empowering Indonesian citizens that are implemented by participating and complying with various policies made by the government to reduce the spread of the virus, by implementing health protocols, online learning, enforcing lockdowns, and conducting social distancing. Meanwhile, the government also empowers the national facilities and infrastructure in controlling the COVID-19 virus, one of which is by improving the function of hospital services, cooperate with the mass media to spread information for the people. The government also use information technology to give health service for Indonesian to provide accurate information about COVID-19.</p></div>

NATIONAL RESILIENCE STRENGTHEN THROUGH THE RESERVE COMPONENT TO RESIST NON-MILITARY THREATS

National Resilience is a nation dynamic condition, and a nation struggle to achieve national goal will be disturbed. National identity, national integration and national life sustainability have stronger than threat, challenge, disturbance and obstacle. This research uses qualitative research method to analyze potential threat, challenge, disturbing and obstacle for Indonesia, which come both from internal and external sources and national resources to face them. , potential threat will be dominated by nonmilitary threat. The Indonesia Armed Forces ( Nasional Indonesia), as the main component in Indonesia should face the potential threat. But TNI has its limitations, supporting power is necessary, and one of the potential powers is national resources which or converted to reserve component. The role of reserve component in future will contribute to Indonesia national resilience strengthen efforts.

THE ROLE OF RESERVE COMPONENT IN SUPPORTING TOTAL PEOPLE’S DEFENSE AND SECURITY SYSTEM (SISHANKAMRATA) TO CONFRONT THE THREAT OF THE SIXTH GENERATION WARFARE

<div><p class="Els-history-head">The exponential growth of information and communication technology in this globalization era brings enormous changes to the new world order. This also shifts the warfare paradigm to a new generation. The traditional conventional threats (physically) have developed into multidimensional (physical and non-physical) ones. The Total People’s Defense and Security System (SISHANKAMRATA) adopted by the Indonesian is considered to be one of the most appropriate defense systems in confronting the threat of every war generation. The components of SISHANKAMRATA consist of the Indonesian National Military (TNI) as the main component and the National resources coming as the reserve and support component. Government Regulation Number 3 of 2021 concerning National Resource Management as a juridical basis regulating the components in the SISHANKAMRATA has just been passed. This study aims to explore the role of the reserve component as a national resource contributing to confronting the threat of the new generation of war; the sixth generation warfare. The method used in this study was a narrative analysis by developing literature studies, and previous researches. The results of this study confirm that the role of the reserve components is very important in SISHANKAMRATA facing the threat of modern warfare, including the sixth generation warfare.</p></div>