Experimental cryptorchidism enhances testicular susceptibility to dibutyl phthalate or acrylamide in Sprague-Dawley rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 899-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
NP de Souza ◽  
AP Ferragut Cardoso ◽  
LMM Gomide ◽  
TRR Lima ◽  
HA Miot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cell ◽  
Dibutyl Phthalate ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Postnatal Exposure ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Extended Exposure

Cryptorchidism (CPT), the most common male congenital abnormality, is variably associated with other male reproductive tract problems. We evaluated if cryptorchid rats develop enhanced testicular susceptibility to dibutyl phthalate (DBP) or acrylamide (AA) after extended exposure. Three studies with rats were performed: (1) in utero and postnatal exposure to DBP or AA; (2) establishment of CPT and orchiopexy; and (3) in utero and postnatal exposures to DBP or AA associated with CPT/orchiopexy. Seminiferous tubules were histologically scored according to the severity of lesions: (1) Rats exposed to DBP (score 1.5) or AA (score 1.1) presented mostly preserved spermatogenesis. Some seminiferous tubules showed vacuolated germinative epithelium, germ cell apoptosis, and a Sertoli cell-only (SCO) pattern. (2) CPT (score 3.3) resulted in decreased absolute testes weights, degenerated and SCO tubules, and spermatogenesis arrest that were reversed by orchiopexy (score 1.1). (3) Exposure to DBP or AA with CPT/orchiopexy led to atrophic testes, spermatogenesis arrest, germ cell exfoliation/multinucleation, and SCO tubules (both chemicals score 2.5). Exposure to chemicals such as DBP or AA prevented the recovery of cryptorchid testes by orchiopexy. The possible role of environmental contaminants should be considered when looking for factors that modulate human testicular disorders associated with CPT.

Isolation and molecular characterization of spermatogonia from male Sprague-Dawley rats exposed in utero and postnatally to dibutyl phthalate or acrylamide

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 488-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathália P. Souza ◽  
Lora L. Arnold ◽  
Karen L. Pennington ◽  
Merielen G. Nascimento e Pontes ◽  
Helio A. Miot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Dibutyl Phthalate ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

scholarly journals 127. An α6β1-integrin/focal adhesion kinase complex may regulate spermiation and spermiation failure

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
A. J. Beardsley ◽  
D. M. Robertson ◽  
L. O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cell ◽  
Sertoli Cells ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Β1 Integrin ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cell Plasma ◽  
Hormone Sensitive ◽  
Adhesion Complex

Spermiation is the final step of spermatogenesis (sperm production) where mature spermatids are released from the somatic Sertoli cells. Spermiation is hormone sensitive; testosterone (T) and FSH withdrawal causes a disruption to the disengagement of spermatids, which are instead retained by Sertoli cells. The mechanisms involved with spermatid release and retention are not understood. We showed previously that an unknown adhesion junction containing β1-integrin persisted on retained spermatids suggesting that a defect in this adhesion complex at disengagement may underlie spermiation failure. The aim of this study is to identify the α-integrin dimerised with β1-integrin and investigate the role of phosphorylated FAK, a kinase that is involved with integrin-mediated cell adhesion, during spermiation and spermiation failure. Four adult Sprague-Dawley rats received T and oestradiol implants and FSH antibody for 7A days to suppress testicular T and FSH and induce spermiation failure. Using immunohistochemistry, α6-integrin (but not α4-integrin) and FAK-Tyr397 were localised on the Sertoli cell plasma membrane adjacent to mature spermatids. This localisation was observed until the point of spermatid release and remained on the Sertoli cell that surrounded retained spermatids after hormone suppression. A similar localisation has been previously observed with β1-integrin, suggesting that all three form a complex at the site of disengagement. To look at the function of FAK-Tyr397, comparative Western blot analysis is currently being undertaken on seminiferous tubules specific for spermiation from control and treated animals. Preliminary studies suggest that FAK-Tyr397 remains phosphorylated during spermiation failure, suggesting that FAK dephosphorylation may be important for the function of spermatid-associated adhesion complexes, as has been demonstrated in other adhesion systems. In conclusion, α6β1-integrin/FAK-containing adhesion complexes are associated with spermatids during spermiation, and the function of such complexes are likely to be perturbed during spermiation failure.

scholarly journals Mild DOCA-salt hypertension: sympathetic system and role of renal nerves

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (5) ◽  
pp. H1781-H1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin S. Kandlikar ◽  
Gregory D. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Control Period ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Renal Nerves ◽  
Experimental Hypertension ◽  
Sympathetic Activation ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Salt Hypertension ◽  
Hypertension Development

Excess sympathetic nervous system activity (SNA) is linked to human essential and experimental hypertension. To test whether sympathetic activation is associated with a model of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension featuring two kidneys and a moderate elevation of blood pressure, we measured whole body norepinephrine (NE) spillover as an index of global SNA. Studies were conducted in chronically catheterized male Sprague-Dawley rats drinking water containing 1% NaCl and 0.2% KCl. After a 7-day surgical recovery and a 3-day control period, a DOCA pellet (50 mg/kg) was implanted subcutaneously in one group of rats (DOCA), while the other group underwent sham implantation (Sham). NE spillover was measured on control day 2 and days 7 and 14 after DOCA administration or sham implantation. During the control period, mean arterial pressure (MAP) was similar in Sham and DOCA rats. MAP was significantly increased in the DOCA group compared with the Sham group after DOCA administration ( day 14: Sham = 109 ± 5.3, DOCA = 128 ± 3.6 mmHg). However, plasma NE concentration, clearance, and spillover were not different in the two groups at any time. To determine whether selective sympathetic activation to the kidneys contributes to hypertension development, additional studies were performed in renal denervated (RDX) and sham-denervated (Sham-DX) rats. MAP, measured by radiotelemetry, was similar in both groups during the control and DOCA treatment periods. In conclusion, global SNA is not increased during the development of mild DOCA-salt hypertension, and fully intact renal nerves are not essential for hypertension development in this model.

Chronic intravenous administration of V1 arginine vasopressin agonist results in sustained hypertension

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (2) ◽  
pp. H751-H756 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Cowley ◽  
E. Szczepanska-Sadowska ◽  
K. Stepniakowski ◽  
D. Mattson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Prolonged Administration ◽  
Chronic Stimulation ◽  
Sustained Hypertension ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Despite the well-recognized vasoconstrictor and fluid-retaining actions of vasopressin, prolonged administration of arginine vasopressin (AVP) to normal animals or humans fails to produce sustained hypertension. The present study was performed to elucidate the role of the V1 receptor in determining the ability of AVP to produce sustained hypertension. Conscious Sprague-Dawley rats with implanted catheters were infused with the selective V1 agonist, [Phe2,Ile3,Orn8]vasopressin (2 ng.kg-1.min-1), for 14 days in amounts that were acutely nonpressor. Blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), body weight, and water intake (WI) were determined daily. Plasma AVP, plasma catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine, plasma osmolality, and electrolyte concentration were determined before and on days 1 and 7 of infusion. MAP increased significantly by 10.4 +/- 4.5 mmHg on day 1 and rose to 22 +/- 5 mmHg above control by day 14 (transient decrease on days 6-9) and then fell to control levels after the infusion was stopped. HR did not change significantly. Plasma AVP immunoreactivity increased from 2.5 +/- 0.3 to 10.9 +/- 2.1 pg/ml, whereas norepinephrine tended to fall only on day 1, with epinephrine only slightly elevated on day 7. No evidence of fluid retention was found, and rats lost sodium only on the first day of V1 agonist infusion. Body weight increased throughout the study but was unrelated to the changes of MAP. We conclude that chronic stimulation of V1 receptors results in sustained hypertension in rats.

Evaluation of Reproductive Development Following Intravenous and Oral Exposure to DEHP in Male Neonatal Rats

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon N. Cammack ◽  
Randy D. White ◽  
Donovan Gordon ◽  
Jerome Gass ◽  
Lawrence Hecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Count ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Oral Exposure ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Primary Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Recovery Group ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate

Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) was administered to 3- to 5-day-old male Sprague-Dawley rats by daily intravenous injections of 60, 300, or 600 mg/kg/day or by daily oral gavage of 300 or 600 mg/kg/day for 21 days. Histopathological evaluation and organ weight measurements were performed on some animals after 21 days of dosing (primary group) and later on the recovery group animals that were held without further treatment until sexual maturity at approximately 90 days of age. No effects of any type were observed in animals treated intravenously with 60 mg/kg/day. Testicular changes, consisting of a partial depletion of the germinal epithelium and/or decrease in diameter of seminiferous tubules, were present in all animals of the 300- and 600-mg/kg/day groups after the 21-day dosing period. Testes weight decreased and liver weight increased in these animals. Testes changes were dose-related and generally more severe among animals dosed orally versus intravenously. In the recovery animals, a residual DEHP-induced decrease in seminiferous tubule diameter was present in the testis of several animals dosed orally at 300 and 600 mg/kg/day, but not in animals dosed intravenously. There was no germinal cell depletion or Sertoli cell alteration observed in any dose group at any time. Notably, no effects on sperm count, sperm morphology, or sperm motility were observed at 90 days of age in any of the groups.

The Hepatoprotective Role of Warburgia salutaris and Iso-Mukaadial Acetate on Carbon tetrachloride Intoxicated Rats Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gideon Ayeni ◽  
Mthokozisi Blessing Cedric Simelane ◽  
Shahidul Islam ◽  
Ofentse Jacob Pooe
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Hepatic Necrosis ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Isolated Compound

Background: Medicinal plants together with their isolated bioactive compounds are known for their antioxidant properties which constitute therapeutic agents that are routinely employed in the treatment of liver diseases. Aims of the Study: The current study sought to explore the protective role of Warburgia salutaris and its isolated compound, iso-mukaadial acetate against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic injury. Methods: Thirty-five male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into seven groups of five animals each and injected with CCl4 to induce hepatic injury. Results: Treatment with the crude extract of W. salutaris and of iso-mukaadial acetate significantly reduced the levels of alkaline phosphatase, alanine and aspartate aminotransaminases, total bilirubin and malondialdehyde in a dose dependent manner, when compared to untreated groups. Liver histology revealed a reduction in hepatic necrosis and inflammation. Conclusion: The current investigation has demonstrated that W. salutaris extract and iso-mukaadial acetate could mitigate the acute liver injury inflicted by a hepatotoxic inducer in rats.

scholarly journals Transient Neonatal Cryptosporidium parvum Infection Triggers Long-Term Jejunal Hypersensitivity to Distension in Immunocompetent Rats

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 4387-4389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Marion ◽  
Asiya Baishanbo ◽  
Gilles Gargala ◽  
Arnaud François ◽  
Philippe Ducrotté ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Myeloperoxidase Activity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Depressor Response ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

ABSTRACT In 5-day-old immunocompetent Sprague-Dawley rats infected with either 102 or 105 Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, transient infection resulted 120 days later in increased cardiovascular depressor response to jejunal distension and jejunal myeloperoxidase activity (P < 0.05). Nitazoxanide treatment normalized jejunal sensitivity (P < 0.001) but not myeloperoxidase levels (P > 0.05). Data warrant further evaluation of the role of early cryptosporidiosis in the development of chronic inflammatory gut conditions.

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