FTY720 Improves the Survival of Autologous Fat Grafting by Modulating Macrophages Toward M2 Polarization Via STAT3 Pathway

Autologous fat grafting (AFG) is widely regarded as an important method for breast reconstruction after mastectomy among breast cancer (BC) patients. FTY720 has been proved to affect macrophage polarization and improve the sensitivity of postoperative BC treatment. This study aimed to explore FTY720 function and underlying mechanism in fat transplantation. The C57BL/6 J mice that received AFG were randomly divided into two groups treated with saline and FTY720, respectively. The fat graft samples were obtained at week 1, 2, 4, and 12 post-transplantation. Graft volumes, graft structures, M2 macrophages, and STAT3 protein expression were estimated by histological examination, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and western blot, respectively. In vitro, mouse preadipocytes were stimulated with FTY720 treated-M2 macrophages conditioned medium (FTY720-M2-CM) to evaluate the adipogenesis effect. The level of adipogenic mRNA expression in preadipocytes was detected by RT-PCR. The in vivo results showed that FTY720 treatment significantly enhanced the fat graft retention, structure integrity, and neovascularization, indicating the potential of FTY720 in improving graft survival. The histology results showed more polarized M2 macrophage presented in the FTY720 group. In the in vitro assay, after FTY720-M2-CM treatment, the 3T3-L1 preadipocytes showed the increased triglyceride content and adipogenic mRNA expression, including FABP4, C/EBP-α, Adipoq, and PPARγ. Furthermore, FTY720 treatment up-regulated the expression level of M2 biomarker CD206, Arg-1, Fizz-1, which could be weakened by the STAT3 inhibitor. Together, this study confirmed the potential efficacy of FTY720 in improving graft survival in the AFG model, possibly mediated by polarizing macrophages to M2 type through activating the STAT3 pathway.

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A Systematic Review on Extracellular Vesicles-Enriched Fat Grafting: A Shifting Paradigm

Aesthetic Surgery Journal ◽

10.1093/asj/sjaa362 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Ghiasloo ◽

Laura De Wilde ◽

Kashika Singh ◽

Patrick Tonnard ◽

Alexis Verpaele ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Graft Survival ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

Retention Rate ◽

Fat Grafting ◽

Retention Rates ◽

Fat Graft ◽

Cochrane Central Register

Abstract Background Recent evidence confirms that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) facilitate angiogenesis mainly through paracrine function. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are regarded as key components of the cell secretome, possessing functional properties of their source cells. Subsequently, MSC-EVs have emerged as a novel cell-free approach to improve fat graft retention rate. Objectives To provide a systematic review of all studies reporting the use of MSC-EVs to improve graft retention rate. Methods A systematic search was undertaken using the Embase, PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Outcome measures included donor/receptor organism of the fat graft, study model, intervention groups, evaluation intervals, EV research data, in vitro and in vivo results. Results Of the total 1717 articles, 62 full-texts were screened. Seven studies reporting on 294mice were included. Overall, EV treated groups showed higher graft retention rates compared to untreated groups. Notably, retention rate was similar following EV- and MSC-treatment. In addition to reduced inflammation, graft enrichment with EVs resulted in early revascularization and better graft integrity. Interestingly, hypoxic preconditioning of MSCs improved their beneficial paracrine effects and led to a more proangiogenic EV population, as observed by both in vitro and in vivo results. Conclusions MSC-EVs appear to offer an interesting cell-free alternative to improve fat graft survival. While their clinical relevance remains to be determined, it is clear that not the cells, but their secretome is essential for graft survival. Thus, a paradigm shift from cell-assisted lipotransfer towards ‘secretome-assisted lipotransfer’ is well on its way.

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Human adipose stem cell differentiation is highly affected by cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo: implication for autologous fat grafting

Cell Death and Disease ◽

10.1038/cddis.2016.308 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. e2568-e2568 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Francesca Paino ◽

Marcella La Noce ◽

Diego Di Nucci ◽

Giovanni Francesco Nicoletti ◽

Rosa Salzillo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Differentiation ◽

Stem Cell Differentiation ◽

Fat Grafting ◽

Adipose Stem Cell ◽

Autologous Fat Grafting ◽

Autologous Fat ◽

Human Adipose Stem Cell

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Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells enhance long-term survival of autologous fat grafting through the facilitation of M2 macrophages

Cell Biology International ◽

10.1002/cbin.10099 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 37 (8) ◽

pp. 855-859 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Ziqing Dong ◽

Rong Fu ◽

Linqi Liu ◽

Feng Lu

Keyword(s):

Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽

Fat Grafting ◽

M2 Macrophages ◽

Autologous Fat Grafting ◽

Term Survival ◽

Long Term Survival ◽

Autologous Fat ◽

Grafting Through

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Alternatively Activated M2 Macrophages Improve Autologous Fat Graft Survival in a Mouse Model through Induction of Angiogenesis

Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery ◽

10.1097/prs.0000000000000793 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 135 (1) ◽

pp. 140-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Kyle D. Phipps ◽

Simon Gebremeskel ◽

Joshua Gillis ◽

Paul Hong ◽

Brent Johnston ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mouse Model ◽

Graft Survival ◽

Fat Graft ◽

M2 Macrophages ◽

Autologous Fat ◽

Autologous Fat Graft ◽

Alternatively Activated

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Autologous fat transplantation for the treatment of trapeziometacarpal joint osteoarthritis

Orthopedic Reviews ◽

10.4081/or.2020.8666 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mario Alessandri Bonetti ◽

Giuseppe Rovere ◽

Camillo Fulchignoni ◽

Vincenzo De Santis ◽

Antonio Ziranu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cartilage Regeneration ◽

Fat Grafting ◽

Fat Graft ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Autologous Fat Grafting ◽

Autologous Fat ◽

Treatment Techniques ◽

Autologous Fat Transplantation ◽

Trapeziometacarpal Joint Osteoarthritis ◽

New Treatment

Rhizarthrosis is a progressive and disabling pathology affecting the carpometacarpal joint. It’s very common in elderly patients and typically affects postmenopausal women. The diagnosis of rhizarthrosis is mainly made by using different physical examination tests and by evaluating the type of pain and it’s then confirmed by imaging. Over the last few years increasing attention has been devoted to the assessment of new treatment techniques for rhizarthrosis. In this context intra-articular injection of autologous fat grafting for cartilage regeneration has demonstrated promising results in experimental settings as an alternative to open surgery procedures. The aim of this study was therefore to sum up the evidences available so far on autologous fat grafting as an emerging treatment for patients affected by carpometacarpal rizarthrosis. An electronic literature research was carried out on Pubmed, Google Scholars and Cochrane Library using “fat grafting”, “fat graft”, “adipose”, “fat transfer” and “lipoaspirate” as search terms. Authors believe autologous fat grafting is an interesting technique, that hand surgeon should keep in mind especially in early stages of rhizarthrosis were pain has not been solved with non-surgical treatment.

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Alternatively Activated M2 Macrophages Improve Autologous Fat Graft Survival in a Mouse Model through Induction of Angiogenesis

Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery ◽

10.1097/prs.0000000000001435 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 136 (2) ◽

pp. 277e ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ava G. Chappell ◽

Jorge Lujan-Hernandez ◽

Dylan J. Perry ◽

Silvia Corvera ◽

Janice F. Lalikos

Keyword(s):

Mouse Model ◽

Graft Survival ◽

Fat Graft ◽

M2 Macrophages ◽

Autologous Fat ◽

Autologous Fat Graft ◽

Alternatively Activated

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Tear trough – Anatomy and treatment by autologous fat grafting

Journal of Surgical Dermatology ◽

10.18282/jsd.v1.i2.45 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Chang Yung Chia

Keyword(s):

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Anatomical Study ◽

Personal Characteristic ◽

Fat Grafting ◽

Fat Graft ◽

Autologous Fat Grafting ◽

Autologous Fat ◽

Tear Trough ◽

Grafting Technique ◽

Thin Skin

Tear trough is the main irregularity at midface, of which treatment is difficult. There is no agreement in literature about its anatomy and best treatment. The author presented an anatomical study and personal autologous fat grafting technique for tear trough treatment. Anatomical dissections were done on two fresh cadavers to examine the skin, subcutaneous, muscle and bone layers, spaces, and attachments. Safety and efficacy were evaluated via retrospective analysis of the last 200 consecutive procedures performed by the author. Tear trough is caused by the abrupt transition of the palpebral orbicular oculi muscle (OOM) (i.e., thin skin without subcutaneous fat compartment) to the orbital OOM (i.e., thicker skin with malar fat compartment). The tear trough region is located at the OOM bony origin at the medial canthus where no specific ligament was found. The grafted fat volume stabilized at two or three months after the procedure, instead of six months as stated in literature, with excellent results and no severe complications. Tear trough is a personal characteristic, a natural anatomical depression caused by subcutaneous irregularity and can worsen with age. The lack of volume is not effectively corrected by surgeries and thus it must be filled. Fat grafting has several advantages over alloplastic fillers, although it may be more difficult. Fat graft is autologous and abundant, and tissue transplantation could enhance skin quality. Fat grafting is a simple, safe, and effective solution for adding extra volume to correct the deflation phenomenon of the midface aging process. There is no specific anatomical plane for volume injection; the fat graft must be evenly distributed in the deep and superficial plane for uniformity.

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