scholarly journals Experimental Study to Illustrate Flow Control in Presence of Race Tracking Disturbances in Resin Transfer Moulding

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 096369350301200
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Lawrence ◽  
Anthony Mahe ◽  
Yeshwanth Rao K. Naveen ◽  
Suresh G. Advani
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Flow Control ◽  
Flow Behaviour ◽  
Resin Transfer Moulding ◽  
Moulding Process ◽  
Control Actions ◽  
Mould Filling ◽  
On Line ◽  
Transfer Moulding

To manufacture composite parts with the Resin Transfer Moulding process, a fluid resin is injected into a mould containing a fibrous preform. Often, due to variations in the preform structure, the flow behaviour can be drastically different from what was anticipated, which may not wet some of the fibrous regions causing dry spots. A common disturbance is race tracking, where the preform does not fit precisely along the mould edge. With the help of sensors, one can track the flow and measure the level of the disturbance in the mould. Decisions can be made on-line to re-direct the flow to avoid dry spots. A methodology was developed to measure the level of the race tracking and implement control actions to compensate for that race tracking disturbance. Fully automated experiments were run several times. For each experiment, although the level of race tracking was unknown beforehand, the controller properly compensated for the race tracking to successfully complete the mould filling.

Numerical simulations for class A surface finish in resin transfer moulding process

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 819-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneviève Palardy ◽  
Pascal Hubert ◽  
Eduardo Ruiz ◽  
Mohsan Haider ◽  
Larry Lessard
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Surface Finish ◽  
Resin Transfer Moulding ◽  
Moulding Process ◽  
Class A ◽  
Transfer Moulding

Permeability Prediction in the Impregnation Stage of Resin Transfer Moulding

2010 ◽  
Vol 160-162 ◽  
pp. 1211-1216
Author(s):  
Zhuang Liu ◽  
Xiao Qing Wu
Keyword(s):  
Stokes Equations ◽  
Approximate Model ◽  
Local Deformation ◽  
Resin Transfer Moulding ◽  
Moulding Process ◽  
2D Simulation ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Darcy Equations ◽  
Transfer Moulding ◽  
Meso Scale

The impregnation stage of the Resin Transfer Moulding process can be simulated by solving the Darcy equations on a mould model, with a ‘macro-scale’ finite element method. For every element, a local ‘meso-scale’ permeability must be determined, taking into account the local deformation of the textile reinforcement. This paper demonstrates that the meso-scale permeability can be computed efficiently and accurately by using meso-scale simulation tools. We discuss the speed and accuracy requirements dictated by the macro-scale simulations. We show that these requirements can be achieved for two meso-scale simulators, coupled with a geometrical textile reinforcement modeller. The first solver is based on a finite difference discretisation of the Stokes equations, the second uses an approximate model, based on a 2D simulation of the flow.

scholarly journals Simulation of Air Entrapment and Resin Curing During Manufacturing of Composite Cab Front by Resin Transfer Moulding Process

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 1839-1844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghu Raja Pandiyan Kuppusamy ◽  
S. Neogi
Keyword(s):  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Resin Transfer Moulding ◽  
Optimization Strategy ◽  
Air Entrapment ◽  
Cure Reaction ◽  
Filling Stage ◽  
Mould Filling ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Transfer Moulding

AbstractMould filling and subsequent curing are the significant processing stages involved in the production of a composite component through Resin Transfer Moulding (RTM) fabrication technique. Dry spot formation and air entrapment during filling stage caused by improper design of filling conditions and locations that lead to undesired filling patterns resulting in defective RTM parts. Proper placement of inlet ports and exit vents as well as by adjustment of filling conditions can alleviate the problems during the mould filling stage. The temperature profile used to polymerize the resin must be carefully chosen to reduce the cure time. Instead of trial and error methods that are expensive, time consuming, and non-optimal, we propose a simulation-based optimization strategy for a composite cab front component to reduce the air entrapment and cure stage optimization. In order to be effective, the optimization strategy requires an accurate simulation of the process utilizing submodels to describe the raw material characteristics. Cure reaction kinetics and chemo-rheology were the submodels developed empirically for an unsaturated polyester resin using experimental data. The simulations were performed using commercial software PAM RTM 2008, developed by ESI Technologies. Simulation results show that the use of increase in injection pressure at the inlet filling conditions greatly reduce the air entrapped. For the cab front, the alteration of injection pressure with proper timing of vent opening reduced the air entrapped during mould filling stage. Similarly, the curing simulation results show that the use of higher mould temperatures effectively decreases the cure time as expected.

Numerical Prediction of Permeability Tensor for Three Dimensional Circular Braided Preform by considering Intra-tow Flow

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.S. Song ◽  
K. Chung ◽  
T.J. Kang ◽  
J.R. Youn
Keyword(s):  
Control Volume ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
Permeability Tensor ◽  
Resin Flow ◽  
Resin Transfer Moulding ◽  
Moulding Process ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Transfer Moulding ◽  
Control Volume Finite Element

Resin transfer moulding is characterized by the permeability tensor, which is a measure of the resistance to resin flow through the preform. Complete prediction of the second order permeability tensor for three dimensional circular braided preforms is critical to an understanding of the resin transfer moulding process. The permeability can be predicted by considering resin flow through the multi-axial fibre structure. In this study, the permeability tensor for a 3-D circular braided preform was calculated by solving a boundary problem of a periodic unit cell. The flow field through the unit cell was obtained by using a 3-D control volume finite element method (CVFEM) and Darcy's law was utilized to obtain the permeability tensor. The flow analyses were carried out for two cases, one in which the fibre tow was regarded as a permeable porous medium, and one in which it was regarded as an impermeable solid. It was found that the flow within the intra-tow region of the braided preform was negligible if the inter-tow porosity was relatively high, but flow through the tow, especially flow in the thickness direction must be considered when the porosity is low. The permeability of the braided preform was measured by a radial flow experiment and compared with the predicted permeability.

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