Adapting Perception, Action, and Technology for Mathematical Reasoning

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 434-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Goldstone ◽  
Tyler Marghetis ◽  
Erik Weitnauer ◽  
Erin R. Ottmar ◽  
David Landy
Keyword(s):  
Perception And Action ◽  
Mathematical Reasoning ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Algebraic Reasoning ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Action Systems ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Formal Requirements ◽  
Cultural Tools ◽  
Perception Action

Formal mathematical reasoning provides an illuminating test case for understanding how humans can think about things that they did not evolve to comprehend. People engage in algebraic reasoning by (1) creating new assemblies of perception and action routines that evolved originally for other purposes (reuse), (2) adapting those routines to better fit the formal requirements of mathematics (adaptation), and (3) designing cultural tools that mesh well with our perception-action routines to create cognitive systems capable of mathematical reasoning (invention). We describe evidence that a major component of proficiency at algebraic reasoning is Rigged Up Perception-Action Systems (RUPAS), via which originally demanding, strategically controlled cognitive tasks are converted into learned, automatically executed perception and action routines. Informed by RUPAS, we have designed, implemented, and partially assessed a computer-based algebra tutoring system called Graspable Math with an aim toward training learners to develop perception-action routines that are intuitive, efficient, and mathematically valid.

Accuracy of Perceptual Processes Subserving Different Perception–Action Systems

1989 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinoud J. Bootsma
Keyword(s):  
Optic Flow ◽  
Perception And Action ◽  
Movement Time ◽  
Flow Patterns ◽  
Perceptual Accuracy ◽  
Initiation Point ◽  
Action Systems ◽  
Accurate Performance ◽  
Perception Action

The accuracy of perceptual processes subserving different perception–action systems was evaluated by presenting subjects (N = 17) with similar optic flow patterns, while requiring different actions from them. Squash balls were dropped along a fixed trajectory, and subjects were asked to (a) hit the ball using their own arm, (b) release an artificial arm to hit the ball, and (c) indicate when the ball was at the point of contact of conditions (a) and (b). The variability of the temporal initiation point of the actions, which served as an operationalization of perceptual accuracy, was compared under all three conditions. The results indicated that the variability of the temporal initiation point was smallest under the natural arm condition, even though movement time was more variable here than under the artificial arm condition. It is argued that, because perception and action are intimately interwoven components of a perceiving/acting system, it is not an extrinsically (experimenter-) determined simplicity of perceptual and/or motor aspects of the task, but the intrinsic make-up of this overarching system that determines which couplings lead to a more accurate performance.

Image analysis of wheat grains developed in different environments and its implications for identification

2006 ◽  
Vol 144 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. SAINIS ◽  
S. P. SHOUCHE ◽  
S. G. BHAGWAT
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Varietal Identification ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Euclidean Distances ◽  
Grain Size And Shape

Varietal identification is an important aspect of crop research and utilization. Identification using computer-based image analysis could be an alternative to visual identification. However, the effectiveness of image analysis systems needs to be established under various real conditions. Three wheat varieties were sown on three different dates. Variation in the grain size and shape of these varieties, brought about by changes in the environmental conditions, was measured using Comprehensive Image Processing Software (CIPS). Some parameters showed considerable grain-to-grain variation, which was either inherent or due to environmental changes during grain filling. Euclidean distances were calculated using either means of all the parameters (ED1), or using only those parameters that did not show a high coefficient of variation (ED2). For samples of the same variety sown at different times, Euclidean distances were smaller compared with samples of different varieties, indicating that grains of the same variety resembled one another. By using the criterion of minimum Euclidean distance it was possible to distinguish between varieties, in spite of variation in grain shape and size due to environmental conditions. It was possible to identify correctly an unknown sample, taken as a test case.

Theory of event coding: Interesting, but underspecified

2001 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 897-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Oriet ◽  
Biljana Stevanovski ◽  
Pierre Jolicoeur
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Perception And Action ◽  
Theory Of Event Coding ◽  
Perception Action ◽  
New Framework

The Theory of Event Coding (TEC) is a new framework for understanding interactions between perception and action. We are concerned that the theory is underspecified, showing that it can easily be used to make exactly opposite predictions. Precise specification of the time course of activation and binding is needed to make the theory useful for understanding the perception-action interface.

Does Group Training Work for Adults? A Study on Computer-Based Shop Floor Control Training

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 386-389
Author(s):  
Kuo-Hao Tang ◽  
Li-Chen Tsai ◽  
Chien-Hui Pan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Group Training ◽  
Shop Floor Control ◽  
Individual Group ◽  
Floor Control ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Training Efficiency

This research investigates how group training impacts experienced workers in computer-based cognitive tasks, and use both mean performance and performance variance to address issues regarding training efficiency. The analysis suggests that lower achievers are benefited more from group training, and the performance variance for the individual group is significantly larger than groups of two and three trainees.

Algebraic reasoning for probabilistic action systems and while-loops

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 321-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Meinicke ◽  
Ian J. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Algebraic Reasoning ◽  
Action Systems ◽  
Probabilistic Action

scholarly journals Effects of an Oroxylum indicum Extract (Sabroxy®) on Cognitive Function in Adults With Self-reported Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian L. Lopresti ◽  
Stephen J. Smith ◽  
Muhammed Majeed ◽  
Peter D. Drummond
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Word Recall ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Cognitive Complaints ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Oroxylum Indicum ◽  
Computer Based

Background: Oroxylum indicum has been used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for the prevention and treatment of several diseases and may have neuroprotective effects.Purpose: Examine the effects of Oroxylum indicum on cognitive function in older adults with self-reported cognitive complaints.Study Design: Two-arm, parallel-group, 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Methods: Eighty-two volunteers received either 500 mg, twice daily of a standardized Oroxylum indicum extract or placebo. Outcome measures included several computer-based cognitive tasks, the Control, Autonomy, Self-Realization, and Pleasure scale (CASP-19), Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ), and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Changes in the concentration of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were also examined.Results: Compared to the placebo, Oroxylum indicum was associated with greater improvements in episodic memory, and on several computer-based cognitive tasks such as immediate word recall and numeric working memory, and a faster rate of learning on the location learning task. However, there were no other significant differences in performance on the other assessed cognitive tests, the MoCA total score, or other self-report questionnaires. BDNF concentrations increased significantly in both groups, with no statistically-significant between-group differences. Oroxylum indicum was well tolerated except for an increased tendency for mild digestive complaints and headaches.Conclusion: The results of this first human trial on the cognitive-enhancing effects of Oroxylum indicum suggest that it is a promising herbal candidate for the improvement of cognitive function in older adults with self-reported cognitive complaints.

scholarly journals Increased perception-action binding in Tourette syndrome

Brain ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934-1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilian Kleimaker ◽  
Adam Takacs ◽  
Giulia Conte ◽  
Rebecca Onken ◽  
Julius Verrel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Perception And Action ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Event File ◽  
Cognitive Framework ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Feature Overlap ◽  
Sensory Processes ◽  
Perception Action

Abstract Gilles de la Tourette syndrome is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple motor and vocal tics. Research in Tourette syndrome has traditionally focused on the motor system. However, there is increasing evidence that perceptual and cognitive processes play a crucial role as well. Against this background it has been reasoned that processes linking perception and action might be particularly affected in these patients with the strength of perception-action binding being increased. However, this has not yet been studied experimentally. Here, we investigated adult Tourette patients within the framework of the ‘Theory of Event Coding’ using an experimental approach allowing us to directly test the strength of perception-action binding. We included 24 adult patients with Tourette syndrome and n = 24 healthy control subjects using a previously established visual-motor event file task with four levels of feature overlap requiring repeating or alternating responses. Concomitant to behavioural testing, EEG was recorded and analysed using temporal signal decomposition and source localization methods. On a behavioural level, perception-action binding was increased in Tourette patients. Tic frequency correlated with performance in conditions where unbinding processes of previously established perception-action bindings were required with higher tic frequency being associated with stronger perception-action binding. This suggests that perception-action binding is intimately related to the occurrence of tics. Analysis of EEG data showed that behavioural changes cannot be explained based on simple perceptual or motor processes. Instead, cognitive processes linking perception to action in inferior parietal cortices are crucial. Our findings suggest that motor or sensory processes alone are less relevant for the understanding of Tourette syndrome than cognitive processes engaged in linking and restructuring of perception-action association. A broader cognitive framework encompassing perception and action appears well suited to opening new routes for the understanding of Tourette syndrome.

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