Retrospective comparison between single reading plus an artificial intelligence algorithm and two-view digital tomosynthesis with double reading in breast screening

2021 ◽  
pp. 096914132098419
Author(s):  
Axel Graewingholt ◽  
Stephen Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Sensitivity Threshold ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Digital Tomosynthesis ◽  
Tumour Type ◽  
Double Reading ◽  
Experienced Radiologist ◽  
Single Reading ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Objective To examine the breast cancer detection rate by single reading of an experienced radiologist supported by an artificial intelligence (AI) system, and compare with two-dimensional full-field digital mammography (2D-FFDM) double reading. Materials and methods Images (3D-tomosynthesis) of 161 biopsy-proven cancers were re-read by the AI algorithm and compared to the results of first human reader, second human reader and consensus following double reading in screening. Detection was assessed in subgroups by tumour type, breast density and grade, and at two operating points, referred to as a lower and a higher sensitivity threshold. Results The AI algorithm method gave similar results to double-reading 2D-FFDM, and the detection rate was significantly higher compared to single-reading 2D-FFDM. At the lower sensitivity threshold, the algorithm was significantly more sensitive than reader A (97.5% vs. 89.4%, p = 0.02), non-significantly more sensitive than reader B (97.5% vs. 94.4%, p = 0.2) and non-significantly less sensitive than the consensus from double reading (97.5% vs. 99.4%, p = 0.2). At the higher sensitivity threshold, the algorithm was significantly more sensitive than reader A (99.4% vs. 89.4%, p < 0.001) and reader B (99.4% vs. 94.4%, p = 0.02) and identical to the consensus sensitivity (99.7% in both cases, p = 1.0). There were no significant differences in the detection capability of the AI system by tumour type, grading and density. Conclusion In this proof of principle study, we show that sensitivity using single reading with a suitable AI algorithm is non-inferior to that of standard of care using 2D mammography with double reading, when tomosynthesis is the primary screening examination.

scholarly journals Independent Double Reading of Screening Mammograms

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Ciatto ◽  
Marco Rosselli Del Turco ◽  
Doralba Morrone ◽  
Sandra Catarzi ◽  
Daniela Ambrogetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Recall Rate ◽  
Cancer Detection Rate ◽  
Diagnostic Assessment ◽  
Double Reading ◽  
Single Reading ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Screening Mammograms ◽  
The Cost

Objective — To evaluate the cost effectiveness of independent double reading of screening mammograms. Setting — Prospective study of 18817 women undergoing first or repeat screening in a population based programme in the Florence district. Methods — Mammograms were independently double read by experienced radiologists. Subjects with mammographic abnormalities reported by at least one reader were recalled for diagnostic assessment. The mean increase in recall rate, cancer detection rate, and screening costs attributable to double reading was calculated. Results — Eleven of 125 cancers were detected by only one reader. The mean increase in cancer detection rate attributable to double reading compared with single reading was 4·6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1·1 to 8·9). From a total of 748 cases referred for diagnostic assessment, 196 subjects were referred by one reader only. The mean increase in referral rate attributable to double reading compared with single reading was 15·1% (CI 12·3 to 17·8). Double reading caused a marked increase in the cost for each woman screened −8·5% at the first screening and 6·2% at repeat screening and a more limited increase in the cost for each cancer detected −3·5% at the first screening and 2·7% at repeat screening. Cancers detected by only one screener were at an earlier stage than those detected by both screeners (P = 0·6, not significant). Conclusions — Independent double reading results in only a modest increase in the detection of cancers and therefore may not be cost effective.

Role of digital tomosynthesis in the context of tuberculosis contact investigation: comparisons with digital radiography

2021 ◽  
pp. 028418512110224
Author(s):  
Jeongha Mok ◽  
Jeong A Yeom ◽  
Su Won Nam ◽  
Jun Mi Yoo ◽  
Ji Won Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Radiography ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Digital Tomosynthesis ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Contact Investigation ◽  
Screening Study ◽  
Low Dose Computed Tomography

Background Chest radiography value as a screening tool in those exposed to pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is reduced by its lower sensitivity to detect small intrapulmonary lesions. Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of digital tomosynthesis (DTS) screening of individuals that had contacted persons with active TB using low-dose computed tomography (CT) as the reference standard methods. Material and Methods This retrospective, community-based screening study of 90 adults who had been in close contact with a TB case was undertaken at our institution. All individuals underwent clinical evaluation, digital radiography (DR), DTS, and low-dose chest CT. Observers assessed and classified DR and DTS images using CT as the reference-standard method. Based on clinical and imaging findings, TB status was classified as normal, latent, minimal, subclinical, and active. Diagnostic performances of DTS and DR for the interpretation of correct diagnosis were calculated. Results The estimated effective doses for DR, DTS, and low-dose CT were 0.01 mSv, 0.1 mSv, and 0.33 mSv, respectively. TB statuses of the 90 individuals were as follows: 62 latent (68.9%); two subclinical (2.2%); and one minimal (1.1%). The sensitivities, specificities, and accuracies of DTS and DR in the interpretation of correct diagnosis were 75.8%, 100%, 91.1% and 48.5%, 96.5%, 78.9%, respectively. Conclusion DTS appears to be superior to DR for the detection of lung lesions in individuals with TB contacts. DTS can offer a reasonable option for TB contact investigation.

380 THE DETECTION RATE OF COLORECTAL POLYPS WITH AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ALGORITHM IN THE DYNAMIC ANALYSIS USING VIDEO CLIPS

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. AB75-AB76
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Matsui ◽  
Shunsuke Kamba ◽  
Akio Koizumi ◽  
Hideka Horiuchi ◽  
Kazuki Sumiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Colorectal Polyps ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Intelligence Algorithm ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Algorithm

Ouabain-sensitive and -insensitive K-ATPases in rat nephron: effect of K depletion

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (6) ◽  
pp. F1141-F1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Younes-Ibrahim ◽  
C. Barlet-Bas ◽  
B. Buffin-Meyer ◽  
L. Cheval ◽  
R. Rajerison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Proximal Tubules ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Mammalian Kidney ◽  
Henle's Loop ◽  
Collecting Ducts ◽  
Straight Tubules ◽  
K Depletion ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Because a ouabain-sensitive H-K-adenosinetriphosphatase (H-K-ATPase) has been identified recently in the amphibian bladder, we evaluated whether such an ATPase might exist also in the mammalian kidney, along with the ouabain-insensitive H-K-ATPase previously described in the collecting duct. For this purpose, we searched for an Na-independent, K-stimulated, ouabain- and Sch-28080-inhibitable ATPase activity in single segments of rat nephron. Ouabain-sensitive K-stimulated ATPase activity was detected in the absence of Na+ in rat proximal convoluted and straight tubules and in medullary and cortical thick ascending limbs of Henle's loop but not in collecting ducts. This K-ATPase differs from Na-K-ATPase by 1) its absence of requirement for Na, 2) its sensitivity to Sch-28080, 3) its higher sensitivity to ouabain, and 4) its absence in the collecting duct. It differs from the collecting duct H-K-ATPase by 1) its distribution along the nephron, 2) its sensitivity to ouabain, and 3) its lower sensitivity to Sch-28080. Furthermore, in rats fed a K-depleted diet for 2 wk, ouabain-sensitive K-ATPase activity was markedly reduced in both proximal tubules and thick ascending limbs, whereas collecting duct H-K-ATPase was upregulated.

Screening Sensitivity According to Breast Cancer Location

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Théberge ◽  
Marie-Hélène Guertin ◽  
Nathalie Vandal ◽  
Gary Côté ◽  
Michel-Pierre Dufresne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Density ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Interval Cancers ◽  
Experienced Radiologist ◽  
Sensitivity Ratio ◽  
Screening Mammograms ◽  
Screening Sensitivity ◽  
Adjusted Sensitivity

Purpose To examine the relation between breast cancer location and screening mammogram sensitivity, and assess whether this association is modified by body mass index (BMI) or breast density. Methods This study is based on all interval cancers (n = 481) and a random sample of screen-detected cancers (n = 481) diagnosed in Quebec Breast Cancer Screening Program participants in 2007. Film-screening mammograms, diagnostic mammograms, and ultrasound reports (when available) were requested for these cases. The breast cancer was then localised in mediolateral oblique (MLO) and craniocaudal (CC) projections of the breast by 1 experienced radiologist. The association between cancer location and screening sensitivity was assessed by logistic regression. Adjusted sensitivity and sensitivity ratios were obtained by marginal standardisation. Results A total of 369 screen-detected and 268 interval cancers could be localised in MLO and/or CC projections. The 2-year sensitivity reached 68%. Overall, sensitivity was not statistically associated with location of the cancer. However, sensitivity seems lower in MLO posterior inferior area for women with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 compared to sensitivity in central area for women with lower BMI (adjusted sensitivity ratio: 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.17–0.98). Lower sensitivity was also observed in subareolar areas for women with breast density ≥ 50% compared to the central areas for women with lower breast density (for MLO and CC projections, adjusted sensitivity ratio and 95% CI of, respectively, 0.54 [0.13–0.96] and 0.46 [0.01–0.93]). Conclusions Screening sensitivity seems lower in MLO posterior inferior area in women with higher BMI and in subareolar areas in women with higher breast density. When interpreting screening mammograms, radiologists need to pay special attention to these areas.

scholarly journals Sniffin’ Sticks and Olfactometer-Based Odor Thresholds for n-Butanol: Correspondence and Validity for Indoor Air Scenarios

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 472
Author(s):  
Marlene Pacharra ◽  
Stefan Kleinbeck ◽  
Michael Schäper ◽  
Christine I. Hucke ◽  
Christoph van Thriel
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Air ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Odor Detection ◽  
Testing Environment ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Odor Thresholds ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Natural Breathing ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Threshold assessments for the reference odorant n-butanol are an integral part of various research, clinical, and environmental sensory testing procedures. However, the practical significance of a high or low threshold for n-butanol beyond a particular testing environment and procedure are often unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to determine between-method correlations and to investigate the association between the n-butanol threshold and perceptual/behavioral odor effects in natural breathing scenarios in 35 healthy adults. The thresholds for n-butanol derived from the Sniffin’ Sticks test and determined by the ascending limit dynamic dilution olfactometry procedure were significantly correlated (∣r∣ = 0.47). However, only the thresholds determined by olfactometry were significantly correlated to the odor detection of n-butanol in an exposure lab. Moreover, participants with a higher sensitivity for n-butanol in the olfactometer-based assessment rated ammonia, during a 75 min exposure, to be more unpleasant and showed better performance in a simultaneous 3-back task than participants with lower sensitivity. The results of this study suggest that beyond the strict parameters of a certain psychophysical procedure, the threshold for n-butanol can be a meaningful indicator of odor detection and effects in some cases.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the flux gradient technique for measurement of ozone surface fluxes over snowpack at Summit, Greenland

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1021-1059
Author(s):  
F. Bocquet ◽  
D. Helmig ◽  
B. A. Van Dam ◽  
C. W. Fairall
Keyword(s):  
Gradient Method ◽  
Deposition Velocity ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Sensitivity Threshold ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Ozone Deposition ◽  
Ozone Flux ◽  
Gradient Technique ◽  
Measurement Height ◽  
Polar Snow

Abstract. A multi-step procedure for investigating ozone surface fluxes over polar snow by the tower gradient method was developed and evaluated. These measurements were then used to obtain four months of turbulent ozone flux data at the Summit research camp located in the center of the Greenland ice shield. Turbulent fluxes were determined by the aerodynamic gradient method incorporating tower measurements of (a) ozone gradients measured by commercial ultraviolet absorption analyzers, (b) ambient temperature gradients using aspirated thermocouple sensors, and (c) wind speed gradients determined by cup anemometers. All gradient instruments were regularly inter-compared by bringing sensors or inlets to the same measurement height. The developed protocol resulted in an uncertainty on the order of 0.1 ppbv for 30-min averaged ozone gradients that were used for the ozone flux calculations. This protocol facilitated a lower sensitivity threshold for the ozone flux determination of −8 × 10−3 μg m−2 s−1, respectively ~0.01 cm s−1 for the ozone deposition velocity for typical environmental conditions encountered at Summit. Uncertainty in the 30-min ozone exchange measurements (evaluated by the Monte Carlo statistical approach) was on the order of 10−2 cm s−1. This uncertainty typically accounted to ~20–100% of the ozone exchange velocities that were determined. These measurements are among the most sensitive ozone deposition determinations reported to date. This flux experiment, deployed at Summit for a period of four months, allowed for measurements of the relatively low ozone uptake rates encountered for polar snow, and thereby the study of their environmental and seasonal dependencies.

scholarly journals GENETIC INFLUENCE ON THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM

1970 ◽  
Vol 131 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junichi Iwai ◽  
Knud D. Knudsen ◽  
Lewis K. Dahl
Keyword(s):  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Genetic Influence ◽  
Renin Inhibitor ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Bilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Reaction Velocity ◽  
Low Salt ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Two strains of rats with opposite genetic propensity for hypertension were tested for: (a) the sensitivity to injections of angiotensin and renin, and (b) the influence of their plasma on the reaction velocity of renin and its substrate in vitro. Intact hypertension-prone (S) rats on low salt had higher sensitivity to angiotensin and a lower sensitivity to renin than hypertension-resistant (R) rats. High NaCl diet did not change the response of the R rats to these injections, but increased the response to renin and angiotensin in intact S rats. Bilateral nephrectomy caused increased response to renin and a decreased response to angiotensin in the S rats, so that both strains were equivalent after bilateral nephrectomy. In vitro, plasma from intact S rats inhibited the activity of hog renin. Plasma from R rats showed no inhibition. The inhibitor disappeared after bilateral nephrectomy. It was speculated that renin inhibitor may be involved in the development of hypertension by increasing sensitivity to angiotensin and other hypertensinogenic stimuli.

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