The Impact of Cascade Large Deep Reservoir on the Migration and Deposition of Cadmium in Lancang River

Metal pollution is a global environmental problem. In order to understand the effects of the cascade hydropower development on Cd in reservoir sediments, this study investigated the migration and deposition mechanisms of Cd in reservoir sediments by using the film diffusion gradient technique (DGT) for the cascade large deep reservoirs of the Lancang River (LCR), Nuozhadu (NZD) and Xiaowan (XW). The results show that: (1) Strong correlations amongst the deposition processes of Cd, Mn and S were found in the sediments of the NZD reservoir; weak correlations between the deposition processes of Cd and Mn were found in the sediments of the XW reservoir. (2) Part of labile Cd in the pore water of the NZD reservoir was supplemented by silt and sand, and another part was inherent in the pore water; most of labile Cd in the pore water of the XW reservoir was inherent in the pore water, and minimal replenishment of sediment was noted. (3) Mn is the main factor controlling the migration of Cd in the NZD reservoir. This paper provides an effective resource for understanding the migration and deposition of Cd in the sediments of large deep reservoirs along the LCR.

Urdu Sign Language Reorganization via Artificial Neural Networks

Sign languages display the same linguistic characteristics as oral languages and utilize the same language services. Sign language processing solutions provide a communication link for persons with hearing impairments and healthy persons. Without these icons' ability to understand, deaf children experience several challenges in learning social norms and cannot meet adults to exchange knowledge. Parents find it challenging to express their messages to their deaf children and not hear their children. This paper focused on establishing Urdu sign language to reduce the communication barrier between ordinary folks and physically impaired people. The present study observed the Urdu Sign Language in deaf children. In this paper, the process of detecting Urdu sign language alphabets is proposed. All the 37 alphabets are identified by using KNN, ANN, and SVM classifiers. Through these alphabets, the teachers at schools and the parents at home can communicate efficiently with their deaf children. Histogram of Gradient technique is used for feature extraction. Urdu Alphabetic are identified. Maximum accuracy is obtained by using a KNN classifier that was 99, which is a significant contribution. Our proposed results are comparable to the state of the art techniques.

Statistical tracing of turbulent magnetic fields in the optically thick interstellar medium

Based on high-resolution 3D data cubes from Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence simulation, we study how to reveal the direction of the magnetic field within the optically thick interstellar medium by using the Velocity Gradient Technique (VGT), the Correlation Function Anisotropy (CFA), and Principal Component Analysis of Anisotropies (PCAA). Considering the CO molecular tracers as a tracing method for radiative transfer processes, we find that the VGT and CFA can successfully trace the orientation of mean magnetic fields, which is in good agreement with the low-resolution numerical results obtained in the case of the optically thin medium. Similar to the simulation of optically thin ISM, our simulations show that PCCA is still unusable in optically thick media. The synergetic application of VGT and CFA to high-resolution spectroscopic observations is expected to yield more valuable information on the interstellar magnetic field.

Identification of Bioactive Compounds from Alphonsea madraspatana Leaves against Multi Drug Resistance Bacteria

In this study, the antimicrobial compounds present in leaves of Alphonsea madraspatana was identified by using RP-HPLC, LC/MS and GC/MS and found to be active against multiple drug resistant (MDR) bacteria e.g. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Extraction of dried plant leaves was performed by solvent gradient technique. Antimicrobial study was performed with each extract. n-Hexane and methanol extracts were further subjected to analysis for identification of potent antimicrobial compounds due to their better antimicrobial activity as compared to remaining extracts. The methanolic extract was more active than n-hexane extract. As n-hexane extract contains non-polar compounds, it was subjected to GC-MS analysis and methanol extract was subjected to RPHPLC followed by LC/MS due to presence of polar components. Among the isolated compounds, four compounds were identified as potent antimicrobial. RP-HPLC and LC/MS analysis of methanol extract also ensured the presence of four potent antimicrobial compounds as follows: (i) kaempferol-3-O-rotinoside-orhamnoside (m/z 748), (ii) 3-hydroxypropylglucosinolate (m/z 377), (iii) luteolin-7-O-glucoside (m/z 448) and (iv) genistein-7-O-glycoside (m/z 432). Leaves of this plant may be used as potent antibacterial agents due to presence of antimicrobial compounds.