scholarly journals Local and transnational networking among female immigrant entrepreneurs in peripheral rural contexts: Perspectives on Russians in Finnmark, Norway

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Camilla Munkejord
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Immigrant Entrepreneurship ◽  
Immigrant Entrepreneurs ◽  
Ethnic Networks ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Female Immigrant ◽  
Transnational Networking ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rural Context

Social networks are vital to the start-up and development of new businesses. In immigrant entrepreneurship research, the key role of co-ethnic networks has been particularly highlighted. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the networking practices of immigrants who start businesses in a rural context where co-ethnic communities do not exist. In order to address this gap, this article highlights the experiences of female Russian immigrant entrepreneurs living in Finnmark in northernmost Norway. Finnmark in fact represents a particularly interesting geographical context for such an empirical focus. The article considers how social, economic and cultural contexts configure network relationships and reveals the important role of the family, and in particular the male spouse, representing a network of resources that may alleviate migrant disadvantage through affective ties. Moreover, it shows that the family of the immigrant entrepreneurs may be located both locally in the new context of settlement and transnationally in the country of origin, and in addition may be of both co-ethnic and cross-ethnic character.

Immigrant entrepreneurship contextualised

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Camilla Munkejord
Keyword(s):  
Western World ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Immigrant Entrepreneurship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Immigrant Entrepreneurs ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Female Immigrants ◽  
Rural Context ◽  
And Gender

Purpose This paper aims to address the rural and gender gaps in the immigrant entrepreneurship literature by exploring the start-up stories of 18 female immigrants who currently run a business in northernmost Norway. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on a qualitative fieldwork including business visits and in-depth interviews. The transcripts from the interviews were analysed using a constructivist grounded theory (CGT) approach. Findings Four modes of entry to entrepreneurship were identified: entrepreneurship as a way out of unemployment; entrepreneurship as a means to avoid underemployment, entrepreneurship as a means to live in a region of perceived attraction; and entrepreneurship as a preferred choice for women in satisfactory wage labour. In addition, the paper reveals the importance of family support and of spatial embeddedness among immigrant entrepreneurs living in a rural context. Practical implications This study notes that the modes of entry to rural immigrant entrepreneurship are diverse, but that they are often partly related to the pursuit of an initial feeling of belonging in the new region of settlement. Hence, developing the knowledge of how to not only attract but also retain and increase the feeling of local belonging of immigrants may be important for many rural regions in the Western world. This is because rural immigrants not only represent a much needed in-flow of younger people in a typically decreasing and ageing population but also entail cultural variation and job creation, thus contributing to place development. Social implications The paper argues for the importance of considering immigrant entrepreneurs as significant actors of rural development. Originality/value While immigrant entrepreneurship has emerged as an important field of study, it has been criticised for focusing predominantly on men and for neglecting contextual variations in the analysis. The rural context especially has been largely omitted. By focusing on female immigrants having established a business in a rural context, the paper adds to the literature, firstly, by highlighting the experiences of female immigrant entrepreneurs. Secondly, it reveals that rural immigrant entrepreneurship cannot be conceived in terms of “ethnic resources” or “enclave economy” that are often central explanatory dimensions in megacity studies. Thirdly, it argues for the importance of considering both the spatial as well as the family contexts in the author’s theoretical conceptualizations of the (immigrant) entrepreneurial start-up phase.

Le seconde generazioni: nodi critici e nuove forme di integrazione

2009 ◽  
pp. 25-46
Author(s):  
Elena Caneva ◽  
Maurizio Ambrosini
Keyword(s):  
Immigrant Families ◽  
Cultural Transformation ◽  
Religious Organizations ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Ethnic Networks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Italian Context ◽  
Human And Social Capital ◽  
Analytical Approaches

- The number of immigrant children in Italy has been increasing more and more. They are impacting both on immigration as a phenomenon and on receiving societies. Thus, it becomes important and useful to understand which factors matter in second generation's paths and potential trajectories. Through a presentation of different analytical approaches on the phenomenon of migration, the paper explores the role of the family, the ethnic community and friends, as well as of religion and religious organizations in the promotion or prevention of positive forms of inclusion. With a specific focus on the Italian context, it explains the social and cultural transformation that characterises immigrant families, stressing the role that can be played by the human and social capital embedded in ethnic networks. The main aim of this paper is to go beyond the assimilation approaches and to highlight how immigrant families, ethnic networks and religious organizations could promote integration and the upward mobility of future generations. Keywords: Immigration, Second Generation, Ethnic Communities, Integration, Social Cohesion.

scholarly journals Role of The Family in Entrepreneurship Develoment in Nepali Society

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushil Kumar Pant
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Entrepreneurship Research ◽  
Entrepreneurship Development ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Impact

Entrepreneurship is the engine for social and economic growth of any society. It drives people toward wealth and job creation, which leads to better lives for people in the society. There has been growing interest in entrepreneurship research recently. This paper attempted to assess the impact of family in Nepalese society. This was viewed as essential in a country in which more than 125 ethnic communities are found. The findings show that family has some impact in people to become entrepreneurship but it was not strongly substantiated by statistical tests. It was found that entrepreneur’s parental profession plays some role in entrepreneurship development in Nepal which was similar to some findings that parental profession plays vital role in the choice of profession in children.Journal of Nepalese Bussiness Studies Vol. 9, No. 1, 2015 pp. 37-47

scholarly journals Family as a Determinant of Ethnic Communities Transformation

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-161
Author(s):  
M. A. Abramova ◽  
G. S. Goncharova ◽  
V. G. Kostyuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Communication ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Acculturation Strategies ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Sociological Studies

On the basis of T. Parsons’ classical concept of social institutions the authors consider the family as a social institution and its role in determining the transformation of interethnic communities. The model of the mechanism of determination is offered including the ethnic structure of the population, type of family, intergenerational relations in the family, social and interethnic attitudes of children (youth), acculturation strategies of youth, social communication of family with other social institutions. The model is verified with the materials of specific sociological studies in the republics of Sakha (Yakutia), Khakassia, Tuva. The positive role of ethnically mixed families in the integration of interethnic communities is revealed.

Immigrant entrepreneurs and community social capital: an exploration of motivations and agency

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-605
Author(s):  
Claudia Gomez ◽  
B. Yasanthi Perera ◽  
Judith Y. Wesinger ◽  
David H. Tobey
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Ethnic Community ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Immigrant Entrepreneurship ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Immigrant Entrepreneurs ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mixed Motives

PurposeThe social capital used to access ethnic community resources is widely recognized in the literature as being important for immigrant entrepreneurship. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the extent to which immigrant entrepreneurs' agency, specifically their motivations, influence their use of, and contributions to, their ethnic social capital. In this paper, the authors explore this relationship.Design/methodology/approachBased on a qualitative approach, this research utilizes semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis to identify the motivations, sources and effects of ethnic social capital.FindingsThis research indicates that immigrant entrepreneurs have mixed motives when engaging with their ethnic communities. The findings suggest that the immigrant entrepreneurs' social capital–mediated interactions within their ethnic community are driven not only by the social structure but that their agency, specifically their motivations, play an important role in them. While entrepreneurs hold mixed motives, they recognize the importance of business success. Thus, they make concessions to their ethnic community and utilize its resources if doing so benefits their business.Research limitations/implicationsThis research explores the role that immigrant entrepreneurs' motivations play in how they use and contribute to immigrant community social capital. By doing so, this study brings agency to the forefront of the discussion on immigrant entrepreneurship and social capital.Practical implicationsThis study provides insight into the connection between the extent to which immigrant entrepreneurs utilize and contribute to their ethnic community's social capital, their motivations for doing so and the effect that these factors have on the businesses as well as their ethnic communities. This understanding might be useful for organizations seeking to foster immigrant entrepreneurship as well as for entrepreneurs themselves.Originality/valueIndividuals' motivations as they relate to social capital involve a variable that is rarely, if ever, considered – that is, individual agency. Thus, this research contributes this perspective to the immigrant entrepreneurship literature but also more broadly to the social capital and entrepreneurship fields. This research can be extended to understand the impact of entrepreneurs' motivations on the communities in which they are embedded.

The impact of immigrant entrepreneurs℉ social capital related motivations

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Gomez ◽  
B. Yasanthi Perera ◽  
Judith Y. Weisinger ◽  
David H. Tobey ◽  
Taylor Zinsmeister-Teeters
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Ethnic Community ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Ethnic Communities ◽  
Immigrant Entrepreneurship ◽  
Immigrant Entrepreneurs ◽  
The Impact

The immigrant entrepreneurship literature indicates that immigrant entrepreneurs reap numerous benefits from their co-ethnic communities℉ social capital. These benefits, however, often come at a price because scholars note the potential for this community social capital to impose limitations on the entrepreneurs. While the literature largely focuses on the benefits of social capital, there is no research on what motivates the immigrant entrepreneurs to engage with their co-ethnic community in terms of contributing to, and utilizing, their co-ethnic communities℉ social capital, and the consequences these may have on their enterprises. Addressing this gap in the literature is important in the development of successful immigrant enterprises. Thus, based on a model posited by Portes and Sensenbrenner (1993), we suggest that immigrant entrepreneurs℉ motivations will influence their use of, and contributions to, co-ethnic community social capital, impacting, in turn, business success. We contribute to both the immigrant entrepreneurship and social capital research through exploring how entrepreneurs℉ motives, with respect to their co-ethnic communities℉ social capital, influence business success.

The Role of Participation Banks in Inclusion of Immigrant Entrepreneurs in the Game

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-155
Author(s):  
Korhan Arun ◽  
Olcay Okun
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Religious Perspective ◽  
Immigrant Entrepreneurs ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Migrant Entrepreneurs ◽  
Entrepreneurial Action ◽  
Western Perspective

The cultural context of entrepreneurs is related to business type or funding choices. Conversely, economic systems shape the context of entrepreneurship by proving not only resources but also cultural accounts. From this point of view, for migrant entrepreneurs, economic institutions are primarily cultural toolkits that influence entrepreneurial action from a religious perspective. Participating banking is a new and cultural-based funding option. Migrant entrepreneurship has been researched from a Western perspective. However, interest is considered an unacceptable way of acquiring money in many religious theories and views. The aim of this chapter is to show that entrepreneurs' cultural factors are antecedents of the source of capital, for example, new ways of banking systems coherent with entrepreneurs' cultural views and facilitating entrepreneurship or start-up funding. That is why teaching profit-loss partnership (mudaraba) and capital subsidiary (muşaraka) systems is important in entrepreneurship education.

Non-Normative Events and Family Functioning: The Role of the Family Psychologist

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Harway ◽  
◽  
Nancy Boyd-Franklin ◽  
Robert Geffner ◽  
Marsali Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Functioning ◽  
The Family
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