Serum amyloid A and plasma protein electrophoresis fractions in farmed white-tailed deer

Tools to measure the acute-phase response have been utilized widely in veterinary medicine. Evaluation by plasma protein electrophoresis (PPEP) has become an increasingly common assay in veterinary clinical pathology. Commercial reagents for serum amyloid A (SAA) have been validated for use in a variety of wildlife species. We analyzed samples from 29 healthy fawns and 60 healthy adult farmed white-tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileus virginianus) using an automated assay for SAA and a semi-automated method for PPEP. The robust statistical method for reference interval generation was used. SAA levels in fawns (0.1–26 mg/L) were found to be significantly higher than those in adults (0.1–5 mg/L, p < 0.01). The mean total protein was significantly lower in fawns (48 ± 10 g/L, p < 0.01) than in adults (73 ±5 g/L). The albumin-to-globulin ratio was also lower in fawns (0.56 ± 0.14) than in adults (1.25 ± 0.19, p < 0.01). Changes in SAA levels were observed in a variety of clinically abnormal animals. The combined use of the automated and semi-automated assays in our study may provide an additional valuable assessment tool in the care of captive WTD populations, for research studies, and for monitoring free-ranging animals.

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Influence of age and foaling on plasma protein electrophoresis and serum amyloid A and their possible role as markers of equine neonatal septicaemia

The Veterinary Journal ◽

10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.05.018 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 176 (3) ◽

pp. 393-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Saverio Paltrinieri ◽

Alessia Giordano ◽

Marta Villani ◽

Margherita Manfrin ◽

Sara Panzani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Protein ◽

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Protein Electrophoresis ◽

Serum Amyloid ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Neonatal Septicaemia

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Serum amyloid A levels and alpha 2 and gamma globulins on serum protein electrophoresis in cats exposed to and infected with Leishmania infantum

Parasites & Vectors ◽

10.1186/s13071-021-04710-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Giulia Savioli ◽

Joy Archer ◽

Emanuele Brianti ◽

Giovanni Benelli ◽

Manuela Schnyder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Protein ◽

Leishmania Infantum ◽

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Protein Electrophoresis ◽

Serum Amyloid ◽

Serum Protein Electrophoresis ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Inflammatory Conditions

Abstract Background Dogs are the main reservoir hosts of Leishmania infantum; nevertheless, recent investigations indicate a likely role for cats in the epidemiology of Leishmania infection. Feline leishmaniosis (FeL) remains poorly characterised, partly due to the lack of suitable diagnostic tools. This study aimed to compare serum amyloid A (SAA) levels and serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) profiles (specifically, alpha 2 and gamma globulins) in cats naturally exposed to or infected by L. infantum from southern Italy versus those of healthy controls and versus cats with neoplastic or inflammatory conditions from non-endemic areas. Methods Serum or plasma samples from four cohorts of cats were analysed for SAA levels and by SPE: (i) G1: healthy controls from Leishmania-non-endemic regions of Switzerland; (ii) G2: cats pre-diagnosed with neoplastic or inflammatory conditions available from the University of Cambridge sample archive; (iii) G3: L. infantum-seropositive, quantitative (q)PCR-negative cats from southern Italy; (iv) G4: L. infantum-seropositive and qPCR-positive cats from southern Italy. SAA data were assessed for normality and homoscedasticity using the Shapiro–Wilk and Levene’s tests, respectively; the Kruskall–Wallis test, followed by Dunn’s test with Bonferroni correction were subsequently used to compare SAA serum levels between groups. A weighted generalised linear model with a binomial distribution was used to assess statistically significant differences in the numbers of animals displaying elevated gamma globulins and increased alpha 2 globulins between groups. Results Overall, 68 samples were analysed (G1: n = 16, G2: n = 20, G3: n = 20, G4: n = 12). Cats suffering from neoplastic and inflammatory conditions (G2 ) showed significantly higher SAA levels than healthy controls (G1) (median values [interquartile range]: G1: 0.00 [0.00–0.00] mg/l versus G2: 0.85 [0.00–49.55] mg/l). G2, G3 and G4 cats showed higher percentages of individuals with increased alpha 2 globulins (percentages ± standard error: G1 = 20.0% ± 10.3, G2 = 80.0% ± 8.9, G3 = 70.0% ± 10.2, G4 = 75.0% ± 12.5) and gamma globulins (G1 = 0.0% ± 0, G2 = 65.0% ± 10.7, G3 = 50.0% ± 11.2, G4 = 58.3% ± 14.2) than healthy control cats (G1). For all three markers, no significant difference between cats within G2, G3 and G4 was recorded. Conclusions This study indicates that the proportions of animals with elevated levels of alpha 2 and gamma globulins are significantly higher in cats exposed to and infected with L. infantum. Levels of SAA and alpha 2 and gamma globulins may not be used to differentiate between L. infantum infection or exposure, and neoplastic and/or inflammatory conditions. Graphic Abstract

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Prognostic accuracy of MALDI mass spectrometric analysis of plasma in COVID-19

10.1101/2020.10.01.20205310 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lucas Cardoso Lazari ◽

Fabio De Rose Ghilardi ◽

Livia Rosa-Fernandes ◽

Diego M Assis ◽

José Carlos Nicolau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Protein ◽

Proteomic Analysis ◽

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Low Risk ◽

Serum Amyloid ◽

Bottom Up ◽

Maldi Tof Ms ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Maldi Tof ◽

Tof Ms

AbstractPurposeSARS-CoV-2 infection poses a global public health problem. There is a critical need for improvements in the noninvasive prognosis of COVID-19. We hypothesized that matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) analysis combined with bottom-up proteomic analysis of plasma proteins might identify features to predict high and low risk cases of COVID-19.Patients and MethodsWe used MALDI-TOF MS to analyze plasma small proteins and peptides isolated using C18 micro-columns from a cohort containing a total of 117 cases of high (hospitalized) and low risk (outpatients) cases split into training (n = 88) and validation sets (n= 29). The plasma protein/peptide fingerprint obtained was used to train the algorithm before validation using a blinded test cohort.ResultsSeveral sample preparation, MS and data analysis parameters were optimized to achieve an overall accuracy of 85%, sensitivity of 90%, and specificity of 81% in the training set. In the blinded test set, this signature reached an overall accuracy of 93.1%, sensitivity of 87.5%, and specificity of 100%. From this signature, we identified two distinct regions in the MALDI-TOF profile belonging to the same proteoforms. A combination of 1D SDS-PAGE and quantitative bottom-up proteomic analysis allowed the identification of intact and truncated forms of serum amyloid A-1 and A-2 proteins. Conclusions: We found a plasma proteomic profile that discriminates against patients with high and low risk COVID-19. Proteomic analysis of C18-fractionated plasma may have a role in the noninvasive prognosis of COVID-19. Further validation will consolidate its clinical utility.Key messageWhat is the key question?Do individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 harboring different degree of disease severity have a plasma protein profile that differentiate them and predict the COVID-19 outcome?What is the bottom line?In a series of 117 patients with COVID-19 divided in hospitalized (60) and outpatients (57), differential expression of serum amyloid A-1 (SAA1) and A-2 (SAA2) predict their outcome.Why read on?The high mortality rate in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals requires accurate markers for predicting COVID-19 severity. Plasma levels of SAA1 and SAA2 indicate higher risk of hospitalization and can be used to improve COVID-19 monitoring and therapy.

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Serum Amyloid A levels and α2- and Gamma globulins on Serum Protein Electrophoresis in cats exposed to and infected with Leishmania infantum

10.21203/rs.3.rs-79496/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Giulia Savioli ◽

Joy Archer ◽

Emanuele Brianti ◽

Manuela Schnyder ◽

Roberta Iatta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Serum Protein ◽

Leishmania Infantum ◽

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Southern Italy ◽

Protein Electrophoresis ◽

Serum Amyloid ◽

Serum Protein Electrophoresis ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Inflammatory Conditions

Abstract Background: Although dogs are the main reservoir host of Leishmania infantum, recent investigations indicate a role for cats in its epidemiology. Feline leishmaniosis (FeL) remains poorly characterised, partly due to the lack of diagnostic tools. This study aimed to compare Serum Amyloid A (SAA) levels and serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) profiles (specifically, α2- and gamma globulins) in cats naturally exposed to or infected by L. infantum from southern Italy with those of healthy controls and of cats with neoplastic or inflammatory conditions from non-endemic areas.Methods: Serum or plasma samples from four cohorts of cats were analysed for SAA and by SPE, i.e G1: healthy controls from Leishmania-non-endemic regions of Switzerland, G2: cats pre-diagnosed with neoplastic or inflammatory conditions from the University of Cambridge’s sample archive, G3: L. infantum seropositive, qPCR-negative cats from southern Italy, G4: L. infantum seropositive and qPCR-positive cats from southern Italy. SAA data was assessed for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff and Shapiro-Wilk normality tests, then compared using a homogeneity of variance test for non-parametric data; the Kruskall-Wallis test, followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test were used to compare SAA serum levels between groups. The Fisher’s Exact test was used to assess statistically significant differences in the numbers of animals displaying elevated gamma globulins and increased α2-globulins between groups.Results: Overall, 68 samples were analysed (G1 n=16, G2 n=20, G3 n=20, G4 n=12). Cats previously exposed to and/or infected with L. infantum, as well as cats suffering from neoplastic and inflammatory conditions showed significantly higher SAA levels (median values G1=0.00 (0.00-0.00) mg/L, G2=0.85 (0.00-49.55) mg/L, G3=0.00 (0.00-4.53) mg/L, G4= 0.00 (0.00-7.5) mg/L), and higher percentages of cats with increased α2-globulins (G1=20.0% ±10.3, G2=80.0% ±8.9, G3=70.0% ±10.2, G4=75.0% ±12.5) and gamma globulins (G1=0.0% ±0, G2=65.0% ±10.7, G3=50.0% ±11.2, G4=58.3% ±14.2) than healthy control cats. For all three markers, there was no significant difference between G2, G3 and G4.Conclusions: This study indicates that, whilst levels of gamma and α2-globulins and SAA are significantly elevated in cats infected by L. infantum, they cannot be used to differentiate between L. infantum infection or exposure and neoplastic or inflammatory conditions. Nevertheless, these indicators might assist monitoring of ongoing FeL if further studies indicate reduction during or following successful treatment.

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Changes in the Serum Protein Electrophoresis Profile in Dogs With Pyometra

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.626540 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Ji-Seon Yoon ◽

DoHyeon Yu ◽

Jinho Park

Keyword(s):

Serum Protein ◽

Serum Amyloid A ◽

Protein Profile ◽

Protein Electrophoresis ◽

Serum Amyloid ◽

Serum Protein Electrophoresis ◽

C Reactive Protein ◽

Reactive Protein ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Serum Protein Profile

Serum proteins are involved in the regulation of inflammation, and therefore, serum protein profiling provides important insights in diverse inflammatory reactions. Accordingly, concentrations of single APPs, such as the C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and haptoglobin (Hp), have been described as indicators of inflammatory response in canine pyometra. However, there is little information regarding the overall serum protein profile obtained by SPE in canine pyometra. The present study was thus aimed to identify changes in the serum protein profile to monitor inflammation in dogs with pyometra using serum protein electrophoresis (SPE), in addition to the analysis of the concentration of single acute phase proteins (APPs). By SPE analysis, decreased levels of albumin and elevated levels of α2-globulin and β-globulin were noted in dogs with pyometra. In addition, the concentration of APPs, including the C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and haptoglobin (Hp), were also elevated in dogs with pyometra. The present study provides fundamental data for inflammatory indicators of canine pyometra.

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