scholarly journals Changes in the Serum Protein Electrophoresis Profile in Dogs With Pyometra

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Seon Yoon ◽  
DoHyeon Yu ◽  
Jinho Park
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Protein Electrophoresis ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Serum Protein Electrophoresis ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Serum Protein Profile

Serum proteins are involved in the regulation of inflammation, and therefore, serum protein profiling provides important insights in diverse inflammatory reactions. Accordingly, concentrations of single APPs, such as the C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and haptoglobin (Hp), have been described as indicators of inflammatory response in canine pyometra. However, there is little information regarding the overall serum protein profile obtained by SPE in canine pyometra. The present study was thus aimed to identify changes in the serum protein profile to monitor inflammation in dogs with pyometra using serum protein electrophoresis (SPE), in addition to the analysis of the concentration of single acute phase proteins (APPs). By SPE analysis, decreased levels of albumin and elevated levels of α2-globulin and β-globulin were noted in dogs with pyometra. In addition, the concentration of APPs, including the C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and haptoglobin (Hp), were also elevated in dogs with pyometra. The present study provides fundamental data for inflammatory indicators of canine pyometra.

scholarly journals Serum amyloid A levels and alpha 2 and gamma globulins on serum protein electrophoresis in cats exposed to and infected with Leishmania infantum

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Savioli ◽  
Joy Archer ◽  
Emanuele Brianti ◽  
Giovanni Benelli ◽  
Manuela Schnyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Protein Electrophoresis ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Serum Protein Electrophoresis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions

Abstract Background Dogs are the main reservoir hosts of Leishmania infantum; nevertheless, recent investigations indicate a likely role for cats in the epidemiology of Leishmania infection. Feline leishmaniosis (FeL) remains poorly characterised, partly due to the lack of suitable diagnostic tools. This study aimed to compare serum amyloid A (SAA) levels and serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) profiles (specifically, alpha 2 and gamma globulins) in cats naturally exposed to or infected by L. infantum from southern Italy versus those of healthy controls and versus cats with neoplastic or inflammatory conditions from non-endemic areas. Methods Serum or plasma samples from four cohorts of cats were analysed for SAA levels and by SPE: (i) G1: healthy controls from Leishmania-non-endemic regions of Switzerland; (ii) G2: cats pre-diagnosed with neoplastic or inflammatory conditions available from the University of Cambridge sample archive; (iii) G3: L. infantum-seropositive, quantitative (q)PCR-negative cats from southern Italy; (iv) G4: L. infantum-seropositive and qPCR-positive cats from southern Italy. SAA data were assessed for normality and homoscedasticity using the Shapiro–Wilk and Levene’s tests, respectively; the Kruskall–Wallis test, followed by Dunn’s test with Bonferroni correction were subsequently used to compare SAA serum levels between groups. A weighted generalised linear model with a binomial distribution was used to assess statistically significant differences in the numbers of animals displaying elevated gamma globulins and increased alpha 2 globulins between groups. Results Overall, 68 samples were analysed (G1: n = 16, G2: n = 20, G3: n = 20, G4: n = 12). Cats suffering from neoplastic and inflammatory conditions (G2 ) showed significantly higher SAA levels than healthy controls (G1) (median values [interquartile range]: G1: 0.00 [0.00–0.00] mg/l versus G2: 0.85 [0.00–49.55] mg/l). G2, G3 and G4 cats showed higher percentages of individuals with increased alpha 2 globulins (percentages ± standard error: G1 = 20.0% ± 10.3, G2 = 80.0% ± 8.9, G3 = 70.0% ± 10.2, G4 = 75.0% ± 12.5) and gamma globulins (G1 = 0.0% ± 0, G2 = 65.0% ± 10.7, G3 = 50.0% ± 11.2, G4 = 58.3% ± 14.2) than healthy control cats (G1). For all three markers, no significant difference between cats within G2, G3 and G4 was recorded. Conclusions This study indicates that the proportions of animals with elevated levels of alpha 2 and gamma globulins are significantly higher in cats exposed to and infected with L. infantum. Levels of SAA and alpha 2 and gamma globulins may not be used to differentiate between L. infantum infection or exposure, and neoplastic and/or inflammatory conditions. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals Serum Amyloid A levels and α2- and Gamma globulins on Serum Protein Electrophoresis in cats exposed to and infected with Leishmania infantum

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Savioli ◽  
Joy Archer ◽  
Emanuele Brianti ◽  
Manuela Schnyder ◽  
Roberta Iatta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Protein Electrophoresis ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
Serum Protein Electrophoresis ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions

Abstract Background: Although dogs are the main reservoir host of Leishmania infantum, recent investigations indicate a role for cats in its epidemiology. Feline leishmaniosis (FeL) remains poorly characterised, partly due to the lack of diagnostic tools. This study aimed to compare Serum Amyloid A (SAA) levels and serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) profiles (specifically, α2- and gamma globulins) in cats naturally exposed to or infected by L. infantum from southern Italy with those of healthy controls and of cats with neoplastic or inflammatory conditions from non-endemic areas.Methods: Serum or plasma samples from four cohorts of cats were analysed for SAA and by SPE, i.e G1: healthy controls from Leishmania-non-endemic regions of Switzerland, G2: cats pre-diagnosed with neoplastic or inflammatory conditions from the University of Cambridge’s sample archive, G3: L. infantum seropositive, qPCR-negative cats from southern Italy, G4: L. infantum seropositive and qPCR-positive cats from southern Italy. SAA data was assessed for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnoff and Shapiro-Wilk normality tests, then compared using a homogeneity of variance test for non-parametric data; the Kruskall-Wallis test, followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test were used to compare SAA serum levels between groups. The Fisher’s Exact test was used to assess statistically significant differences in the numbers of animals displaying elevated gamma globulins and increased α2-globulins between groups.Results: Overall, 68 samples were analysed (G1 n=16, G2 n=20, G3 n=20, G4 n=12). Cats previously exposed to and/or infected with L. infantum, as well as cats suffering from neoplastic and inflammatory conditions showed significantly higher SAA levels (median values G1=0.00 (0.00-0.00) mg/L, G2=0.85 (0.00-49.55) mg/L, G3=0.00 (0.00-4.53) mg/L, G4= 0.00 (0.00-7.5) mg/L), and higher percentages of cats with increased α2-globulins (G1=20.0% ±10.3, G2=80.0% ±8.9, G3=70.0% ±10.2, G4=75.0% ±12.5) and gamma globulins (G1=0.0% ±0, G2=65.0% ±10.7, G3=50.0% ±11.2, G4=58.3% ±14.2) than healthy control cats. For all three markers, there was no significant difference between G2, G3 and G4.Conclusions: This study indicates that, whilst levels of gamma and α2-globulins and SAA are significantly elevated in cats infected by L. infantum, they cannot be used to differentiate between L. infantum infection or exposure and neoplastic or inflammatory conditions. Nevertheless, these indicators might assist monitoring of ongoing FeL if further studies indicate reduction during or following successful treatment.

scholarly journals Regulation of rabbit acute phase protein biosynthesis by monokines

1988 ◽  
Vol 253 (3) ◽  
pp. 851-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Mackiewicz ◽  
M K Ganapathi ◽  
D Schultz ◽  
D Samols ◽  
J Reese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Primary Hepatocyte Cultures ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Necrosis Factor

We defined the acute phase behaviour of a number of rabbit plasma proteins in studies (in vivo) and studied the effects of monokine preparations on their synthesis by rabbit primary hepatocyte cultures. Following turpentine injection, increased serum levels of C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A protein, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, and decreased concentrations of albumin were observed. In contrast to what is observed in man, concentrations of alpha 2-macroglobulin and transferrin were increased. Co-culture of primary hepatocyte cultures with lipopolysaccharide-activated human peripheral blood monocytes or incubation with conditioned medium prepared from lipopolysaccharide-activated human or rabbit monocytes resulted in dose-dependent induction of serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin and transferrin and depression of albumin synthesis, while C-reactive protein synthesis and mRNA levels remained unchanged. A variety of interleukin-1 preparations induced dose-dependent increases in the synthesis and secretion of serum amyloid A, haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin and transferrin and decreased albumin synthesis. Human recombinant tumour necrosis factor (cachectin) induced a dose-dependent increase in synthesis of haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin. In general, human interleukin-1 was more potent than mouse interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor. None of the monokines we studied had an effect on C-reactive protein synthesis or mRNA levels. These data confirm that C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, haptoglobin and ceruloplasmin display acute phase behaviour in the rabbit, and demonstrate that, in contrast to their behaviour in man, alpha 2M and transferrin are positive acute phase proteins in this species. While both interleukin-1 and tumour necrosis factor regulate biosynthesis of a number of these acute phase proteins in rabbit primary hepatocyte cultures, neither of these monokines induced C-reactive protein synthesis. Comparison of these findings with those in human hepatoma cell lines, in which interleukin-1 does not induce serum amyloid A synthesis, suggests that the effect of interleukin-1 on serum amyloid A synthesis may be indirect.

The Prognostic Value of C-Reactive Protein and Serum Amyloid A Protein in Severe Unstable Angina

1994 ◽  
Vol 331 (7) ◽  
pp. 417-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Liuzzo ◽  
Luigi M. Biasucci ◽  
J. Ruth Gallimore ◽  
Rita L. Grillo ◽  
Antonio G. Rebuzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unstable Angina ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Serum Amyloid A Protein

The acute phase response and C-reactive protein

2020 ◽  
pp. 2199-2207
Author(s):  
Mark B. Pepys
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Acute Phase Response ◽  
Serum Amyloid A ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Phase Response ◽  
Serum Amyloid ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Serum Amyloid A Protein

The acute phase response—trauma, tissue necrosis, infection, inflammation, and malignant neoplasia induce a complex series of nonspecific systemic, physiological, and metabolic responses including fever, leucocytosis, catabolism of muscle proteins, greatly increased de novo synthesis and secretion of a number of ‘acute phase’ plasma proteins, and decreased synthesis of albumin, transthyretin, and high- and low-density lipoproteins. The altered plasma protein concentration profile is called the acute phase response. Acute phase proteins—these are mostly synthesized by hepatocytes, in which transcription is controlled by cytokines including interleukin 1, interleukin 6, and tumour necrosis factor. The circulating concentrations of complement proteins and clotting factors increase by up to 50 to 100%; some of the proteinase inhibitors and α‎1-acid glycoprotein can increase three- to fivefold; but C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A protein (an apolipoprotein of high-density lipoprotein particles) are unique in that their concentrations can change by more than 1000-fold. C-reactive protein—this consists of five identical, nonglycosylated, noncovalently associated polypeptide subunits. It binds to autologous and extrinsic materials which contain phosphocholine, including bacteria and their products. Ligand-bound CRP activates the classical complement pathway and triggers the inflammatory and opsonizing activities of the complement system, thereby contributing to innate host resistance to pneumococci and probably to recognition and safe ‘scavenging’ of cellular debris. Clinical features—(1) determination of CRP in serum or plasma is the most useful marker of the acute phase response in most inflammatory and tissue damaging conditions. (2) Acute phase proteins may be harmful in some circumstances. Sustained increased production of serum amyloid A protein can lead to the deposition of AA-type, reactive systemic amyloid.

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