Heterosexism in the Workplace

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belle Rose Ragins ◽  
John M. Cornwell ◽  
Janice S. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Orientation Discrimination ◽  
Relational Demography ◽  
Gay Identity ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Employees Of Color ◽  
Group Memberships

This article examined the effects of multiple group memberships and relational demography on the workplace experiences of 534 gay employees, 162 of whom were gay employees of color. Two competing models of multiple group membership were tested by assessing the effects of race and gender on sexual orientation discrimination and the decision to disclose a gay identity at work. Race and gender were unrelated to heterosexism. Lesbians were as likely to disclose as gay men, but gay employees of color were less likely to disclose at work. Relational demography predictions were supported for race and sexual orientation but not for gender, suggesting that gender similarity predictions may not apply to gay employees. More heterosexism was reported with male supervisors or work teams, and these effects were stronger for lesbians than gay men. Irrespective of race, employees in racially balanced teams reported less heterosexism than those in primarily White or non-White teams.

The Wage Effects of Sexual Orientation Discrimination

ILR Review ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 726-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Lee Badgett
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Orientation Discrimination ◽  
Bisexual Women ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Sexual Orientation Discrimination ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Male Workers

This study is the first to apply the econometric tools developed in the study of race and gender discrimination to the newer question of sexual orientation discrimination. Analyzing pooled 1989–91 data from a national random sample, the General Social Survey, the author finds that gay and bisexual male workers earned from 11% to 27% less than heterosexual male workers with the same experience, education, occupation, marital status, and region of residence. There is also evidence that lesbian and bisexual women earned less than heterosexual women, but this result is not consistently statistically significant across all variable definitions and specifications.

The voice of others: Identity, alterity and gender normativity among gay men in Israel

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erez Levon
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Male Sexuality ◽  
Gay Identity ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Gay Male ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Voice

AbstractThis article presents an analysis of a slang variety, called oxtšit, as it is described and used by a cohort of gay men in Israel. Unlike many previous analyses of gay slang, I argue that the men described do not use the variety to help construct and affirm an alternative gay identity, but rather that they use it as a form of in-group mockery through which normative and nonnormative articulations of Israeli gay male sexuality are delineated. It is suggested that this discussion has implications for sociolinguistic understandings of “groupness” more broadly, and particularly the relationship between macro-level social categories (like “gay”) and individual lived experience. (Gay slang, Israel, vari-directional voicing, identity/alterity)*

scholarly journals Emotion and Gender Typicality Cue Sexual Orientation Differently in Women and Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 2547-2560
Author(s):  
R. Thora Bjornsdottir ◽  
Nicholas O. Rule
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Role Expectations ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Gender Typicality ◽  
Gender Role Expectations ◽  
Gender Inversion ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Heterosexual individuals tend to look and act more typical for their gender compared to gay and lesbian individuals, and people use this information to infer sexual orientation. Consistent with stereotypes associating happy expressions with femininity, previous work found that gay men displayed more happiness than straight men—a difference that perceivers used, independent of gender typicality, to judge sexual orientation. Here, we extended this to judgments of women’s sexual orientation. Like the gender-inversion stereotypes applied to men, participants perceived women’s faces manipulated to look angry as more likely to be lesbians; however, emotional expressions largely did not distinguish the faces of actual lesbian and straight women. Compared to men’s faces, women’s faces varied less in their emotional expression (appearing invariably positive) but varied more in gender typicality. These differences align with gender role expectations requiring the expression of positive emotion by women and prohibiting the expression of femininity by men. More important, greater variance within gender typicality and emotion facilitates their respective utility for distinguishing sexual orientation from facial appearance. These findings thus provide the first evidence for contrasting cues to women’s and men’s sexual orientation and suggest that gender norms may uniquely shape how men and women reveal their sexual orientation.

Exploring the Intersections of Disability, Race, and Gender on Student Outcomes in High School

2020 ◽  
pp. 074193252094120
Author(s):  
Anjali J. Forber-Pratt ◽  
Gabriel J. Merrin ◽  
Dorothy L. Espelage
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Peer Victimization ◽  
School Connectedness ◽  
Self Report ◽  
School Students ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
And Gender

This study explored the intersections of disability, race, sexual orientation, and gender on peer victimization, suicidal ideation, and school connectedness. Participants were 11,353 high school students aged 14 to 18 years ( MD =15.88, SD = 1.20). Of these individuals, 1,640 students self-identified as either having an Individualized Education Program (IEP) or as having a disability. Students completed online self-report measures. Results indicated that having a disability or identifying as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or questioning (LGBQ) was associated with higher odds of suicidal ideation, higher levels of peer victimization, and lower levels of school connectedness across several racial categories. Moderation analyses examined the intersection of various identities. Findings indicate that differences exist among the intersection of disability, race, sexual orientation, and gender identities in relation to the outcomes of interest.

“I Am Delivert!”

Flaming? ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 36-69
Author(s):  
Alisha Lola Jones
Keyword(s):  
Gender Studies ◽  
Black Male ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Gay Identity ◽  
Adrienne Rich ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Queer People ◽  
Don't Ask Don't Tell ◽  
And Gender

Expanding upon previous research about the perceptions of black male vocal participation as queer, chapter 1 explores the sonic qualities of black men’s public renouncement of their gay identity through deliverance testimonies. In a culture where queer people are often regulated to a “don’t ask, don’t tell” social agreement, the testimonies of men delivered from homosexuality conform to what feminist writer Adrienne Rich referred to as compulsory heterosexuality. While deploying ethnomusicological, phonological, linguistic, critical race, and gender studies analysis, chapter 1 examines these delivered believers’ coded and textured performances of orality in Pentecostal worship: virtuosic singing, speaking in other tongues, preaching, and preaching-singing. Their accounts prompt (non-)verbal communication among spectators about what constitutes legitimate and sustained deliverance.

scholarly journals Girlfags and guydykes: “Too queer for straights and too straight for queers”

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-65
Author(s):  
Siri Lindqvist ◽  
Charlotta Carlström
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sexual Identity ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Social Constructionism ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Lesbian Women ◽  
Sexual Orientations ◽  
And Gender

The aim of the article is to highlight the experiences of those who call themselves “girlfags” and “guydykes” and to interpret the identity labels associated with these terms. Online, the communities that refer to themselves by these terms all define the labels and what they signify in terms of identity differently. These include descriptions of people who consider themselves gay but “in the wrong body”, for example, when a woman is sexually oriented toward gay men or when a man is sexually oriented toward lesbian women, most often with a gender or queer element to the definitions. Little to no previous research can be found on these identities, and what is known is mainly found on internet blogs and forums. The participants were sought through a Facebook forum, resulting in a total of 11 interviews with two guydykes and nine girlfags. The results were analyzed within the framework of social constructionism and applied with Butler’s (1990) concept of the heterosexual matrix and van Anders’ (2015) Sexual Configurations Theory (SCT), involving concepts of gender/sex sexuality, nurturance, and eroticism. The results show that those who identify as girlfags and guydykes are proud of their identity, but the complexity of the identity nevertheless affects many aspects of their lives. The respondents reveal how the labels involve one’s sense of self and gender identity. In addition, they touch upon transgender issues, sexual identity, sexual orientation, and other relational aspects. These identities break gender norms, sexual practices, and even sexual orientations within the LGBT context. The results indicate the need for further research on transgender issues; in particular, the relational and social aspects of the girlfag and guydyke identities.

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