Letter Regarding: Anterior-Posterior (AP) Calcaneal Profile View: A Novel Radiographic Image to Assess Varus Malalignment

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1442-1443
Author(s):  
Alessio Bernasconi ◽  
Matthew Welck ◽  
Massimo Mariconda
2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1249-1255
Author(s):  
John Y. Kwon ◽  
Bruno Moura ◽  
Tyler Gonzalez ◽  
Christopher P. Miller ◽  
Jorge Briceno

Background: Assessing and correcting malalignment is important when treating calcaneus fractures. The Harris axial view is commonly utilized to assess varus deformity but may be inherently inaccurate due to its tangential nature. The anterior-posterior (AP) calcaneal profile view is a novel radiographic view that is easily obtained with demonstrated increased accuracy for assessing calcaneal axial alignment. Methods: Five nonpaired ankle cadaveric specimens were used in this investigation. Oblique osteotomies were created in relation to the long axis, and varus deformities were produced by inserting solid radiolucent wedges into the osteotomies to create models of 10, 20, and 30 degrees of angulation of the calcaneal tuberosity. Specimens were imaged using both the Harris axial view and the AP calcaneal profile view. Results: For cadavers with 10 degrees of actual varus angulation, the mean Harris axial view angle and the AP calcaneal profile view angle were 10.9 ± 4.8 (range, 5.5-16.0) degrees and 13.0 ± 5.5 (range, 7.3-20.9) degrees, respectively. For cadavers with 20 degrees of actual varus angulation, the mean Harris view angle and the AP calcaneal profile view angle were 11.5 ± 2 (range, 8.2-13.6) degrees and 18.1 ± 4.8 (range, 11.7-23.5) degrees, respectively ( P = .005). On pairwise comparison with Bonferroni correction, there was a significant difference between the Harris axial view angle and both the AP calcaneal profile view angle ( P = .012) and actual angulation ( P = .011). For cadavers with 30 degrees of actual varus angulation, the mean Harris axial view angle and the AP calcaneal profile view angle were 18.3 ± 4.3 (range, 13.3-23.6) degrees and 28.3 ± 2.9 (range, 24.4-31.1) degrees, respectively ( P < .001). On pairwise comparison with Bonferroni correction, there was a significant difference between the Harris axial view angle and both the AP calcaneal profile view angle ( P = .001) and actual angulation ( P < .001). There was no significant difference between the AP calcaneal profile view angle and actual angulation ( P > .999). Conclusion: The AP calcaneal profile view is a novel radiographic view that is easily obtained with demonstrated increased accuracy for assessing calcaneal axial alignment. While both views demonstrated similar measurement error for lesser degrees of varus malalignment, the AP calcaneal profile view demonstrated more accurate measurement of increasing heel varus compared with the Harris view. Clinical Relevance: The AP calcaneal profile view could be used in addition to other radiographic views when treating displaced, intra-articular calcaneus fractures to help optimize correction of hindfoot alignment.


Author(s):  
Ming-Hui Yao ◽  
David J. Smith

The chemical properties of catalysts often depend on the size, shape and structure of the supported metal particles. To characterize these morphological features and relate them to catalysis is one of the main objectives for HREM study of catalysts. However, in plan view imaging, details of the shape and structure of ultra-fine supported particles (<2nm) are often obscured by the overlapping contrast from the support, and supported sub-nanometer particles are sometimes even invisible. Image simulations may help in the interpretation at HREM images of supported particles in particular to extract useful information about the size, shape and structure of the particles. It should also be a useful tool for evaluating the imaging conditions in terms of visibility of supported particles. P. L. Gai et al have studied contrast from metal particles supported on amorphous material using multislice simulations. In order to better understand the influence of a crystalline support on the visibility and apparent morphological features of supported fine particles, we have calculated images of Pt and Re particles supported on TiO2(rutile) in both plan view and profile view.


2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Costa Ibiapina Reis

Introdução: Diversos instrumentos de avaliação postural são descritos na literatura, porém não existe um consenso de qual seria o melhor método utilizado na prática clínica. Sabe-se que exames posturais precisos podem ser realizados com equipamentos simples, de baixo custo e fácil aplicabilidade. Como exemplo desses instrumentos, destacam-se o fio de prumo e o simetrógrafo. Entretanto, estes se caracterizam por serem métodos qualitativos e subjetivos. Objetivo: Nosso estudo teve como objetivo analisar o nível de concordância interobservadores na avaliação postural em idosos residentes no município de São Paulo. Métodos: Durante a avaliação foi utilizado o simetrógrafo e o fio de prumo, além de fotografias nas vistas anterior, posterior, lateral direita e esquerda. Essa avaliação contou com a participação de dois observadores, simultaneamente e sem comunicação. Para análise da concordância interobservadores utilizou-se o teste de concordância de Kappa, com nível de significância p < 0,001. Resultados: Cento e sessenta (160) idosos foram avaliados, sendo 104 mulheres e 56 homens, com idade 72,1 ± 7,1 anos. Verificou-se um bom nível de concordância interobservadores na avaliação postural dos idosos, destacando-se boa concordância em 16 variáveis analisadas, com valor mínimo de 0,813 e valor máximo de 0,949 e apenas duas categorias apresentaram baixa concordância, sendo valor mínimo de 0,737 e máximo de 0,750. Conclusão: A avaliação postural, realizada através do simetrógrafo e do fio de prumo, obteve bom nível de concordância entre os observadores. Por serem instrumentos de fácil aplicabilidade, baixo custo e grande praticidade, recomenda-se seu uso nas avaliações posturais em idosos.Palavras-chave: avaliação, postura, idosos.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (45) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Fábio Shiniti Mizutani ◽  
Atila de Freitas ◽  
Adriano Sapata ◽  
Claudio Sato

Keeping in mind the final result is the basis of any type of treatment, especially those in which the morphology, size and proportion of the anterior teeth will be changed. This is where a good treatment plan based on a diagnostic wax-up tested with a mock-up and approved by the patient becomes crucial. This case report aims to exemplify how to transfer the diagnostic information to the patient’s mouth and direct it not only to the restorative dentistry, but also to the surgeon when performing the crown length. Diagnostic waxing was performed by the laboratory technician, obeying anterior posterior incisal and gingival criteria and curvatures, which were transported to an aesthetic guide through mock up to mark the surgical points. Then, surgery to increase the clinical crown with bone access and after healing, direct venners in composite resin also guided by waxing. In conclusion, a workflow can be established using the wax-up / mock-up that serves as a guide for the periodontist in the approach to surgical lengthening of the crown and for the rehabilitator who uses it to produce changes in the shape of dental dimensions .


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