Knowledge and effects of dysmenorrhoea among female adolescents in selected secondary schools in Lagos

Background Dysmenorrhoea is the leading cause of absenteeism from school among menstruating adolescents. It is a common health problem among women of reproductive age and it is known to have psychosocial effects on women and their interactions with others during such periods. This study assessed knowledge and effects of dysmenorrhoea among female adolescents in Lagos. Methods This non-experimental descriptive cross-sectional study involved 676 female adolescents attending secondary schools, who were selected using multistage sampling. A self-structured questionnaire (reliability r=0.79) was used for data collection. Data were analysed using the statistical package for social sciences software version 20. Descriptive and inferential statistics were presented in tables, charts and analysed using the Chi-squared test. Significance was set at P=0.05. Results The result showed that 62.8% of the respondents were 15–18 years old. The majority (64.8%) had poor knowledge of dysmenorrhoea, although 92.6% agreed that dysmenorrhoea affects their daily activities and 68.5% had good treatment-seeking methods. There was a significant association between knowledge of dysmenorrhoea and students' age (P<0.001), level of education (P=0.004) and department (P<0.001). There was also a significant association between treatment-seeking method and age (P<0.001), level of education (P=0.010) and department (P<0.001). Conclusions Dysmenorrhoea is a main cause of poor performance in daily activities among female adolescents in Lagos, although many have good treatment-seeking methods. Adopting good and effective treatment methods will go a long way in mitigating the effect of dysmenorrhoea.

Patient and Caregiver Attitudes Towards Gene Therapy for Sickle Cell Disease: A Need for Partnership and Education

Background: Fewer than 20% of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) have access to curative matched sibling donor bone marrow transplantation (MSD-BMT). Development of novel therapies to ameliorate the serious morbidity and early mortality caused by SCD is a National Institute of Health research priority. Gene therapy for SCD has emerged as a promising approach in early-stage clinical trials approach with the potential to reach greater numbers of patients than MSD-BMT. Knowledge and attitudes of individuals with SCD towards this investigational new therapy and their willingness to participate in early-stage clinical trials have not been systematically described. Methods: Patients with SCD at least 13 years of age (n=66) and caregivers of children with SCD (n=38) were surveyed about knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding gene therapy for SCD. Most questions utilized a 5-item Likert response scale while The Newest Vital Sign was used to assess health literacy. To explore attitudes around gene therapy in further detail, we identified a regionally diverse focus group comprised of 12 patients/caregivers with SCD from across the United States. We audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed five focus group discussions using thematic content analysis to identify salient themes related to attitudes towards gene therapy for SCD. Our goal was to identify the educational needs and preferences of this patient / caregiver stakeholder group. Results: Survey: Of the 104 survey respondents 96% identified as Black and 4% as Hispanic. Respondents were between 13-64 years (mean 29.6, Std Dev 11.9 years). HbSS and HbSC were the most common genotypes (61.5% and 24%, respectively). Only 4.8% of participants (N=5) felt "extremely knowledgeable" about gene therapy for SCD while most (63.4%) reported no/slight knowledge. We found no association between health literacy levels and gene therapy knowledge (p=0.361). Nearly 30% of participants reported that the risk of cancer as a potential side effect would "probably not prevent their enrollment" on a gene therapy trial while 48% said it "definitely/probably would preclude their participation". Most respondents had a neutral attitude regarding the safety of gene therapy for SCD and how good of a treatment it was (56.7% and 58.6%, respectively). Only a few respondents endorsed the idea that gene therapy was "unsafe" or "not a good treatment for SCD" (5.8% and 4.8% respectively). There was an association between increasing knowledge about gene therapy and agreement that it is safe (p=0.012) and a good treatment for SCD (p=0.031). Focus Groups: Among the focus group participants, there was consensus that communication about gene therapy is suboptimal. Participants noted that clinicians frequently use medical jargon, do not tailor their approach to the individual patient/caregiver, and fail to adequately disclose important details. Focus group members desired more information about side effects and risks associated with conditioning chemotherapy, immunosuppression, risk of infertility, and hair loss. Participants, particularly parents of children with SCD, were worried about future unknown risks and described the enormity of the decision to enroll in an early-phase trial. Focus group members verbalized the need for inclusion of patients with SCD as partners during the informed consent/assent process and ideally, at the outset of the clinical trial design. Conclusion: Very few patients with SCD described feeling knowledgeable about gene therapy for SCD; a majority have neutral feelings about the safety and utility ("good treatment for SCD") of this new approach. Patient/caregiver-centered education about gene therapy in a manner that meets stakeholder informational needs is urgently needed. Given the temporary hold on lentiviral gene therapy trials for SCD (after some participants developed a myeloid neoplasm on an industry sponsored trial in February 2021) and the risk of cancer as a probable or definite barrier to enrollment in a gene therapy trial for many patients, transparency of information about these risks is essential. For the successful execution of novel trials in SCD, a community-based participatory research approach is vital. Disclosures Sharma: Medexus Inc: Consultancy; Spotlight Therapeutics: Consultancy; Novartis: Other: Salary support paid to institution; Vertex Pharmaceuticals/CRISPR Therapeutics: Other: Salary support paid to institution; Vindico Medical Education: Honoraria; CRISPR Therapeutics: Other, Research Funding. Johnson: CRISPR Therapeutics: Research Funding.

Primary surgery effect on dental arch relationships of patients born with unilateral cleft lip and palate using the GOSLON yardstick index

To score dental arch development using the Great Ormond Street, London, and Oslo (GOSLON) yardstick index, following primary surgery in patients with a complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), and to compare the outcome score with the GOSLON score of Cleft Care UK (CCUK) as well as with the Clinical Standards Advisory Group (CSAG), United Kingdom.Study models of patients (average age 12 years) with a non-syndromic complete UCLP, who had been surgically treated at the University of Pretoria Facial Cleft Deformity (UPFCD) clinic. They were assessed using the GOSLON yardstick index by certified raters from the Dental School in Dundee, Scotland. The mean outcome ratings were calculated from the scoring of 27 sets of plaster models. The other scoring rounds were used to calculate intraand inter-observer agreement using Cohen's weighted kappa and Fleiss's multi-rater kappa. There were strong intra- and inter-observer agreement, with a weighted kappa of 0.92. The Facial Cleft Deformity (FCD) clinic data showed a good treatment outcome with a mean GOSLON rating of 2.85 compared to a rating of 3.2 for the CSAG and 2.62 for the CCUK cohort studies. The UPFCD clinic primary surgical protocol displayed a good treatment outcome rating, in line with that of the CCUK cohort and better than the CSAG results.

THE RELATIONSHIP PREDICE SCORE AND MORTALITY 30 DAYS IN CHRONIC HEART FAILURE PATIENTS

The Background : Mortality rate of heart failure patients are increasing even they have a good treatment. Therefore, it should be possible to make a prognostic for chronic heart failure patients with use an easy parameter namely predice score. The aim of the study : To assess the ability of the predice score to predict mortality within 30 days in patients with chronic heart failure. The Method : We did this prospective research started from 1st July 2016 until 31st December 2016 with concerned chronic heart failure patients as many as 44 patients. We counted the association grade with use Man whitney U. The Result : The results showed that there was a signicant relationship between predice score and mortality (p = 0.004). The mean predice score in the living subjects was 11.77 (SD: 4.07) Meanwhile, the mean predice score of the subjects who died was 17.18 ( SD:2,85). The Conclusion: Predice Score can be used to predict 30-day mortality in chronic heart failure patients who experience worsening because it is statistically signicant (p<0,05).

Optimalisasi Perlindungan Anak Melalui Sumber Hukum Hindu

Children are the next generation of the nation and every parent's dream. To be able to form children that can be relied upon and become a hope for both parents and useful for the nation and state, the role of parents in guiding and caring for their children is very important. In the Hindu religion books have been explained about children such as Manawa Dharmasastra, Sarasamuccaya, Slokantara and Silakrama. For example in the weda explained Until the age of five, parents must treat their children as kings. In the next ten years as a servant, and after age sixteen and above must be treated as a friend. In this sloka explained, it is better for us to give punishment to children when they make a mistake, as long as it's only natural. If you always spoil a child and have never been banned in any case, then he will get used to what is wrong. According to the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 Year 2005 concerning Child Protection also confirms that what is meant by a child is someone who is not yet 18 (eighteen) years old, including children who are still in the womb. A child must get good treatment and protection from the womb until birth and growing up. For this reason, the role of parents in understanding and deepening the teachings in the Vedas is very important. We must understand correctly what is the child's needs.

Impression during Coronavirus Pandemic on Behaviour of Infectious-microbial-disease and Home-physical-tools in Saudi-public

This work was for "Impression during Coronavirus Pandemic (CVP) on Behaviour of Infectious-microbial-disease (IMD) and Home-physical-tools (HPTs) in Saudi-public (SP)". The aim was for a clarify impression during CVP on changing behaviour of IMD and HPTs in SP. That was by making a questionnaire to obtain information from people in SP. It found participating 28.5% for < 20 yr and was 71.5% for > 20 yr, 31.5% were men and 68.5% were women. While 92.5% lived in families, were HPTs differed in 83.5%, 75.5% agreed presence source Coronavirus infection (CVI) in the HPTs. As well as 11.5% individuals had CVI, where 84.5% refused to use HPTs if were suspected of carrying the CVI patient. Once 94.5% was not dealing with individuals infected with CV. Anywhere, 69.5% agreed for good treatment with the CVI patient after recovery and so 73.5% acquired skills to change the behaviour of HPTs. From the whole caution handle was 29.5%, hand washing considered 20%, permanent sterilization was 18.5%. The use of gloves and facemasks was 16.5%, not use other people's tools, it took 15.5%. That concluded from this paper the approved changes behaviour of IMD and HPTs in SP, that which had important for the decrease of CVP presence in SP and worldwide. That recommended the CVP is very risk in SP and worldwide and must take care of every behaviour in house to decrease CVI. We intend to do future research in changes behaviour in house to protect family members from CVI and save SP.

Public good messaging motivates the wealthy to reduce water consumption

The wealthy have an outsized impact on many real-world public goods problems, consuming vastly more resources per capita than less wealthy individuals. This creates a challenge for motivating the wealthy to engage in more sustainable behaviors; because of their wealth, they are not very responsive to economic incentives (e.g. fees, fines and taxes) of the magnitudes typically employed. We propose that “social incentives” (which rely on social normativity and reputational concerns) may be more effective for motivating the wealthy. To test this claim, we conduct a field experiment aimed at reducing residential water use among 10,500 relatively high-income households in the state of Connecticut (estimated 137% wealthier than the average US household). We compare a control condition (receiving no messages) to a messaging campaign (5 messages sent over 9 months) that emphasizes either self-interested financial benefits of water reduction (“Private Benefit” treatment) or the benefits of water conservation for the community and the environment (“Public Good” treatment). We find that the Private Benefit treatment had no significant effect on water use compared to the control. The Public Good treatment, on the other hand, significantly reduced water use relative to the control and relative to the Private Benefit treatment, and this effect was especially pronounced among households with previously higher water use (a commonly used proxy for wealth). Our findings suggest that non-material “social incentives” may be more effective than traditional financial incentives for encouraging sustainability, particularly among the wealthy.