scholarly journals The Cognitive Process of Wildland Fire Chainsaw Troubleshooting: Structure, Content, and Training

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1676-1680
Author(s):  
Elliot Nauert ◽  
Doug Gillan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Formal Training ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Job Aids ◽  
Wildland Firefighting ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Formal Training Program ◽  
And Training

Wildland firefighting often involves the creation of a fireline (a break in vegetative fuels), an operation commonly hindered by the break-down of gas-powered chainsaws. Some firefighters may not possess the knowledge and skills needed to address break-downs quickly, which threatens productivity and safety. The Applied Cognitive Task Analysis method was used to examine the troubleshooting process of an expert wildland fire sawyer. This included elicitations of key steps in this process, specific pieces of valuable knowledge, and sources of expertise. These results show that much of the expert understanding of complex faults was developed on-the-job rather than during a formal training program. This study highlights areas where training and job aids may be improved to support wildland firefighters in chainsaw troubleshooting and provides preliminary support of ACTA as a tool for training specialists in this domain.

scholarly journals Providing a foundation for interpretable autonomous agents through elicitation and modeling of criminal investigation pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-243
Author(s):  
Sam Hepenstal ◽  
Leishi Zhang ◽  
Neesha Kodogoda ◽  
B.L. William Wong
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Task Analysis ◽  
Autonomous Agents ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Cognitive Task Analysis ◽  
Criminal Investigation ◽  
Event Tree ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Criminal Intelligence

Criminal investigations are guided by repetitive and time-consuming information retrieval tasks, often with high risk and high consequence. If Artificial intelligence (AI) systems can automate lines of inquiry, it could reduce the burden on analysts and allow them to focus their efforts on analysis. However, there is a critical need for algorithmic transparency to address ethical concerns. In this paper, we use data gathered from Cognitive Task Analysis (CTA) interviews of criminal intelligence analysts and perform a novel analysis method to elicit question networks. We show how these networks form an event tree, where events are consolidated by capturing analyst intentions. The event tree is simplified with a Dynamic Chain Event Graph (DCEG) that provides a foundation for transparent autonomous investigations.

scholarly journals The leadership and followership challenges of doctors in training during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Nathan Boardman ◽  
Jack Munro-Berry ◽  
Judy McKimm
Keyword(s):  
Early Career ◽  
Formal Training ◽  
Clinical Environment ◽  
Training Experience ◽  
Healthcare Leadership ◽  
Leadership Culture ◽  
Team Working ◽  
Medical Education And Training ◽  
And Training

Research carried out in 2016 by the authors investigated the challenges that doctors in training experience around leadership and followership in the NHS. The study explored contemporary healthcare leadership culture and the role of followership from the perspective of early career doctors. It found that the leadership and followership challenges for these doctors in training were associated with issues of social and professional identity, communication, the medical hierarchy, and relationships with senior colleagues (support and trust). These challenges were exacerbated by the busy and turbulent clinical environment in which they worked. To cope with various clinical situations and forms of leadership, doctors in training engage in a range of different followership behaviours and strategies. The study raised implications for medical education and training and suggested that followership should be included as part of formal training in communication and team working skills. The importance of both leadership and followership in the delivery of safe and effective patient care has been brought sharply into focus by the COVID-19 pandemic. This article revisits these challenges in light of the pandemic and its impact on the experiences of doctors in training.

scholarly journals Pembangunan dan Pelatihan Sistem Pendidikan Guna Meningkatkan Profesionalisme Relawan pada PMI Kota Tangerang

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Euis Sitinur Aisyah ◽  
Ratna Nur Aulia ◽  
Ridhoi Ahmad Ridwan
Keyword(s):  
Unified Modeling Language ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Training System ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Modelling Language ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Unified Modeling ◽  
Training Systems ◽  
And Training

<p><em>Abstrak - <strong>Sistem pendidikan dan pelatihan pada PMI Kota Tangerang yang berjalan saat ini masih semi komputerisasi. Pengetesan dan penilaian materi masih manual sehingga sering terjadi kesalahan input nilai peserta, memerlukan proses dan waktu yang cukup lama untuk mengetahui kelulusan peserta diklat yang mengakibatkan terlambatnya laporan panitia kepada Kadiv SDM. Metode penelitian yang digunakan terdiri dari wawancara, observasi, dan studi pustaka. Metode analisis menggunakan metode analisis PIECES. Pemodelan sistem dengan menggunakan Unified Modelling Language (UML) untuk menggambarkan secara visualisasi, yang selanjutnya diimplementasikan dengan bahasa pemrograman PHP dengan basis data MySQL-Server sebagai database. Hasil yang didapat dari penelitian ini adalah sebuah sistem aplikasi diklat relawan PMI berbasis web yang terdatabase untuk membantu dalam hal pengelolaan data mulai dari pendaftaran, pemberian materi, keadiran, pengetesan, dan penilaian.</strong></em></p><p><em>Abstract</em> – <strong>The education and training system at the PMI Kota Tangerang that is currently running is still semi-computerized. The testing and evaluation of material are still manual so that there are often input errors in the participants' scores, it requires a long process and time to find out the graduation of the training participants which results in the delay of the committee's report to the Head of HR Division. The research method used consisted of interviews, observation, and literature study. The analytical method uses the PIECES analysis method. Modeling the system using Unified Modeling Language (UML) to visualize, which is then implemented with the PHP programming language with the MySQL-Server database as a database. The results obtained from this study are a web-based PMI volunteer education and training system database that is assisted regarding data management ranging from registration, material delivery, presence, testing, and assessment.</strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords - </em></strong><em>Education and Training, Systems, Volunteers</em></p>

A NOVEL EIGENVECTOR-BASED METHOD TO DETECT MILD ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE USING EVENT-RELAT

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
B.L. Brown ◽  
S.B. Hendrix ◽  
M. Cecchi ◽  
J.M. Scott ◽  
J.W. Silcox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
P Values ◽  
Wilks Lambda ◽  
Prognostic Utility ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Group A

Event-related potentials (ERPs) are a physiological measure of cognitive function that have shown diagnostic and prognostic utility in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this study, we used a novel eigenvector-based technique to better understand brain electrophysiological differences between subjects with mild AD and healthy controls (HC). Using ERPs from 75 subjects with mild AD and 95 HC, we first calculated cognitive task eigenvectors within each subject from three conditions and then calculated second-order eigenvector components to compare the AD group to the HC group. A MANOVA of the three second-level components discriminated between AD and HC multivariately (Wilks’ lambda=.4297, p<0.0001, R2 = .5703), and also on each of the three components univariately (all 3 p-values<0.0001). The eigenvector-based technique used in this study accurately discriminated between the mild AD group and HC. As such, this analysis method adds to our understanding of the differences in ERP signal between AD and HC, and could provide a sensitive biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring of AD progression.

SMART tips for setting teaching objectives

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 614-617
Author(s):  
Yasmin Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Medical Practice ◽  
General Medical Council ◽  
Formal Training ◽  
Medical Council ◽  
Effective Teacher ◽  
Good Medical Practice ◽  
Teaching Objectives ◽  
And Training

‘Doctor’, derived from Latin, means ‘teacher’. As doctors, we teach our patients, students and colleagues. The General Medical Council makes reference to this in ‘Good Medical Practice’, stating that as a doctor ‘you should be prepared to contribute to teaching and training doctors and students’. The importance of teaching is echoed in the RCGP curriculum. Despite its importance, not every doctor has the opportunity of formal training on how to become an effective teacher. This article presents a simple guide that doctors can use to plan teaching sessions.

scholarly journals Cognitive–behavioural therapy: a survey of the training, practice and views of Scottish consultant psychiatrists

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 425-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter David Le Fevre ◽  
Rainer Goldbeck
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Formal Training ◽  
Exact Form ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Training Opportunities ◽  
And Training ◽  
Training Practice

Aims and MethodA postal survey of all consultant psychiatrists employed by the NHS in Scotland was performed with the aim of determining the numbers and characteristics of consultant psychiatrists who have received training in cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT). Additional aims were to ascertain the current practice of CBT, along with general attitudes towards practice and training issues.ResultsNine per cent of consultant psychiatrists had received formal training in CBT. An additional 20% had received informal tuition with supervision of cases. For consultants appointed within the previous five years, 48% had received the recommended amount of supervised experience. In practice, consultants were unable to devote significant amounts of time to formal CBT but were actively using CBT techniques and supported the availability of training opportunities.Clinical ImplicationsThe survey suggests that the current Royal College of Psychiatrists' guidelines do not appear to have been fully implemented for the area surveyed. Further debate is needed to ascertain the exact form that training in CBT should take.

Words matter: radio misunderstandings in wildland firefighting

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Gabor
Keyword(s):  
Communicative Action ◽  
Wildland Fire ◽  
Cultural Barriers ◽  
Media Richness ◽  
Rich Medium ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
Media Richness Theory ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Theory Of Communicative Action ◽  
Wildland Firefighting

Unclear, ambiguous communication during a wildland fire can have serious consequences for firefighters' safety. This paper grounds its observations in media richness theory and the theory of communicative action. Radio is a less rich medium than video or face-to-face communication because it relies on hearing only and it requires a longer time to convey understanding. The theory of communicative action explains that effective messages should be true (content-wise), appropriate and truthful (expressive). This paper uses data from the investigation reports of the Cramer fire in Idaho, 2003, the Dutch Creek incident in California, 2008, and the Panther fire in California, 2008, to show that ambiguous, shortened and information-poor messages can impact decision-making and the safety of firefighters. Although previous research has pointed to technical and cultural barriers to effective radio communication, this paper draws attention to the actual wording of messages.

How to Conduct a Telephone Consultation; an Informative Guide

Dental Update ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 594-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre Coffey ◽  
Anne Begley
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Care ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
Formal Training ◽  
Time Cost ◽  
Remote Diagnosis ◽  
Telephone Consultation ◽  
Educational Framework ◽  
Specific Setting ◽  
Key Steps ◽  
Remote Consultations

Telemedicine is the remote diagnosis and treatment of patients by means of telecommunications technology. The advantages of telemedicine include reduced travel time/cost and enhanced access to healthcare. The coronavirus pandemic in 2020 has necessitated the rapid implementation of remote consultations across all healthcare platforms, in most cases without any formal training. We present an educational framework for conducting telephone consultations in secondary care to help fill this gap. There are five key steps in a telephone consultation; patient introduction, information gathering, establishing a working diagnosis and plan for clinical care, planning the next step and closing the consultation. By focusing on what each step entails, this paper aims to help those new to telemedicine techniques and those responsible for training them, to shorten the learning curve. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article aims to help clinicians become proficient and comfortable in conducting telephone consultations by providing a structure to the consultation which they can customize to their specific setting.

scholarly journals 'n Beroepstudie van ekonome en bedryfsekonome

1989 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
C. J. Kroon ◽  
J. R. Raubenheimer
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
White Male ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
Formal Training ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Work Situation ◽  
Training Environment ◽  
Business Economics ◽  
And Training

This paper first analyses the demographic data and training environment of South African university graduates in Economics and/or Business Economics on the basis of information extracted from the HSRC register of graduates. Next, it analyses the vocational diffusion, demographic data, and training environment of 3701 respondents, who responded to a postal questionnaire which was sent to 8760 white male university graduates in Economics and/or Business Economics during 1985. Special attention is paid to certain aspects of the occupational situation of practising economists and business economists, for example their employer sectors, occupational functions, the utilization of formal training in the work situation, fields of work, and the use of computer systems.Hierdie artikel analiseer eerstens die demografiese data en opleidingsomgewing van Suid-Afrikaanse graduandi in Ekonomie en Bedryfsekonomie op grond van inligting bekom vanuit die RGN se register van graduandi. Daarna analiseer die artikel die werksverspreiding, demografiese data en opleidingsomgewing van 3701 repondente, wat geantwoord het op 'n vraelys wat aan 8760 blanke manlike graduandi gedurende 1985 gestuur is. Spesiale aandag word geskenk aan sekere aspekte van die beroepsituasie van praktiserende ekonome en bedryfsekonome, byvoorbeeld, hulle bedryfsektore, beroepsfunksies, die gebruik van formele opleiding in beroepsverband, werksvelde en rekenaartoepassing.

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