Evaluation by Mental Stress of Paced and Self-Paced Conditions on Simple Repetitive Tasks in Design of Optimum Working Speed

1980 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 655-659
Author(s):  
Masaharu Kumashiro ◽  
Tetsuya Hasegawa ◽  
Kageyu Noro
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Considerable Difficulty ◽  
Time Value ◽  
Repetitive Tasks ◽  
Hand Coordination ◽  
Psychological Functions ◽  
Qualitative Performance ◽  
Better Than

Eight working speeds, conveyor-paced and self-paced, were established for a repetitive task with considerable difficulty in eye-hand coordination. The procedure for calculating pace allowances in this type of repetitive task was experimentally studied from the two angles of physiological and psychological functions of the subjects and quantative and qualitative variations of the task. The results obtained are as follows: (1) The maximum output speed under the self-paced condition was 125% of that when the subjects performed the task at their free pace. The quantative and qualitative performance of the subjects under the self-paced condition was better than that attained under the other conditions, but the physiological and psychological functions of the subjects lowered greatly 90 minutes after the start of the task. (2) When establishing the working speed for conveyor-paced operations, the basic time value calculated by the MTM procedure was satisfactorily used to set the standard speed per cycle. The time value obtained by the WF procedure, on the other hand, was not preferred in terms of both the performance and the physiological and psychological functions of the subjects.

RECONSTRUCTING THE 3D OBJECT WITH THE RANK CONSTRAINT OF MATRIX AND ANALYZING THE DEGENERATION

2007 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 127-140
Author(s):  
YOUFU WU ◽  
MO DAI
Keyword(s):  
Calibration Method ◽  
The Self ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
The Other ◽  
3D Object ◽  
Intrinsic Parameters ◽  
Self Calibration ◽  
Rank Constraint ◽  
Camera Parameters ◽  
Better Than

One of the challenging problems of 3D Euclidean reconstruction is that only the hypothesis of intrinsic parameters can be used to retrieve the camera parameters. In this paper, we proposed a method to find out the intrinsic parameters of a camera using the rank constraint of the relation matrix of absolute conic Ω. Simultaneously, analyzed the degeneration of self-calibration. The experimental results showed that the self-calibration method of camera is better than the other methods.

scholarly journals “I Drive Well, the Problem is the Other Driver”: A Study About the Self-Assessment of the Ability to Drive

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduarda Lehmann Bannach ◽  
Alessandra Sant´Anna Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Demographic Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
Ability To Drive ◽  
Better Than

This study aims to verify the self-evaluation that people make about their ability to drive and investigate whether there is a difference between self-evaluation and evaluation about their friends’ abilities. To this end, 151 people answered three different questionnaires, one questionnaire about driving abilities (self-evaluation and evaluation of friends), the Driver’s Behavior Questionnaire and a socio-demographic questionnaire The sample consisted of 50.3% of males with a mean age of 25.32 years (sd = 1.66). As a result, self-evaluation was positively correlated with age, evaluation of friend, weekly driving hours, Common Violations, and Aggressive Violations. In addition, there was significant difference between evaluation by sex: males carry out self-assessments in a more positive way. It was also found that people evaluate themselves better than they evaluate their friends. From this research, it is possible to think the target audience that would most benefit from an intervention to reduce self-evaluation, that is, men, people over 24 years old, and people who have more driving experience.

Patience and Courage

Philosophy ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 68 (266) ◽  
pp. 523-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eamonn Callan
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Large Measure ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Sense Of Justice ◽  
Better Than

Suppose your friends had to ascribe a single vice to you in large measure, along with any virtues that could be coherently combined with that salient vice. Suppose further that the vice had to be either cowardice or impatience. Which would you choose?I believe almost everyone would choose impatience without hesitation. There are sound moral as well as purely self-regarding reasons for despising cowardice, and to that extent our preference would be reasonable. If we say that a man who is a coward is also compassionate, we know that his compassion cannot be relied upon in any circumstances where it must contend with fear, and if he has a sense of justice, that will be useless if oppression has to be resisted. We cannot even expect him to pursue his own good whenever he perceives that to be hazardous, and so even the self-regarding virtues are corrupted by his dominating vice. On the other hand, a pronounced impatience may seem to be compossible with abundant virtue. Those who are just but cannot patiently endure tyranny are perhaps the most formidable threat to tyranny, and people who boldly go out to seize their own good often fare rather better than those who patiently await its arrival.

Experimental Investigation of SI Engine Performance Using Oxygenated Fuel

2004 ◽  
Vol 126 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Al-Farayedhi ◽  
A. M. Al-Dawood ◽  
P. Gandhidasan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Si Engine ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Oxygenated Fuel ◽  
Ethanol Blends ◽  
Better Than

The current experimental study aims to examine the effects of using oxygenates as a replacement of lead additives in gasoline on performance of a typical SI engine. The tested oxygenates are MTBE, methanol, and ethanol. These oxygenates were blended with a base unleaded fuel in three ratios (10, 15, and 20 vol.%). The engine maximum output and thermal efficiency were evaluated at a variety of engine operating conditions using an engine dynamometer setup. The results of the oxygenated blends were compared to those of the base fuel and of a leaded fuel prepared by adding TEL to the base. When compared to the base and leaded fuels, the oxygenated blends improved the engine brake thermal efficiency. The leaded fuel performed better than the oxygenated blends in terms of the maximum output of the engine except in the case of 20 vol.% methanol and 15 vol.% ethanol blends. Overall, the methanol blends performed better than the other oxygenated blends in terms of engine output and thermal efficiency.

scholarly journals The Better-than-average Effect According to the Self-protection Motive in Morality: A Survey Study of Young Japanese Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Ding ◽  
Motoaki Sugiura
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Average Effect ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
Self Protection ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

People tend to perceive themselves in a positive light. Typically, they believe themselves to be better than average in accordance with the better-than-average effect (BTAE). The BTAE has been examined with respect to social values (morality and competence) and motivations (self-enhancement and self-protection). Moreover, “competence BTAE” was found to be associated with personality traits while “moral BTAE” was not. However, it is not known whether the BTAE in four domains correlate with certain psycho-behavioral characteristics, particularly moral BTAE. In this study, we recruited 667 Japanese participants (302 males; mean age = 25.80 ± 2.80 years) to assess self- and average other-evaluations in four domains. Self-enhancement and self-protective motives were examined using positive and negative adjectives. We further explored the relationship between BTAE and 22 psycho-behavioral characteristics. The results revealed that moral BTAE only existed in the presence of the self-protection motive. A worse-than-average effect was found in the context of both motives for competence. In contrast to the BTAE in the other three domains, which showed correlations with various characteristics, “negative moral BTAE” was not associated with any psycho-behavioral characteristic. Our results demonstrated that moral BTAE existed only in the presence of the self-protection motive and was “uniquely prevalent”, i.e., was not associated with any psycho-behavioral characteristics. Thus, the psychological mechanisms underlying the negative moral BTAE may differ from the other three domains, potentially reflecting different sociocultural dynamics.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

Providing Freshmen with a Good “Starting-Block”

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikaël De Clercq ◽  
Charlotte Michel ◽  
Sophie Remy ◽  
Benoît Galand
Keyword(s):  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Student Adjustment ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Study Task ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Belonging ◽  
Intention To Persist

Abstract. Grounded in social-psychological literature, this experimental study assessed the effects of two so-called “wise” interventions implemented in a student study program. The interventions took place during the very first week at university, a presumed pivotal phase of transition. A group of 375 freshmen in psychology were randomly assigned to three conditions: control, social belonging, and self-affirmation. Following the intervention, students in the social-belonging condition expressed less social apprehension, a higher social integration, and a stronger intention to persist one month later than the other participants. They also relied more on peers as a source of support when confronted with a study task. Students in the self-affirmation condition felt more self-affirmed at the end of the intervention but didn’t benefit from other lasting effects. The results suggest that some well-timed and well-targeted “wise” interventions could provide lasting positive consequences for student adjustment. The respective merits of social-belonging and self-affirmation interventions are also discussed.

Stories and the Self

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Krause ◽  
Markus Appel
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Degree ◽  
Contrast Effects ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Implicit And Explicit

Abstract. Two experiments examined the influence of stories on recipients’ self-perceptions. Extending prior theory and research, our focus was on assimilation effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in line with a protagonist’s traits) as well as on contrast effects (i.e., changes in self-perception in contrast to a protagonist’s traits). In Experiment 1 ( N = 113), implicit and explicit conscientiousness were assessed after participants read a story about either a diligent or a negligent student. Moderation analyses showed that highly transported participants and participants with lower counterarguing scores assimilate the depicted traits of a story protagonist, as indicated by explicit, self-reported conscientiousness ratings. Participants, who were more critical toward a story (i.e., higher counterarguing) and with a lower degree of transportation, showed contrast effects. In Experiment 2 ( N = 103), we manipulated transportation and counterarguing, but we could not identify an effect on participants’ self-ascribed level of conscientiousness. A mini meta-analysis across both experiments revealed significant positive overall associations between transportation and counterarguing on the one hand and story-consistent self-reported conscientiousness on the other hand.

Don’t Put Me in This Group

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-93
Author(s):  
Jort de Vreeze ◽  
Christina Matschke
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Negative Information ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group Memberships

Abstract. Not all group memberships are self-chosen. The current research examines whether assignments to non-preferred groups influence our relationship with the group and our preference for information about the ingroup. It was expected and found that, when people are assigned to non-preferred groups, they perceive the group as different to the self, experience negative emotions about the assignment and in turn disidentify with the group. On the other hand, when people are assigned to preferred groups, they perceive the group as similar to the self, experience positive emotions about the assignment and in turn identify with the group. Finally, disidentification increases a preference for negative information about the ingroup.

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