Cervical Cancer Screening Utilization and Associated Factors Among Women Aged 30 to 49 Years in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia

Background: Cervical cancer is a public health problem and one of the leading causes of death in women worldwide. In Ethiopia, the government expands cervical cancer screening centers and recommends services to age-eligible and high-risk groups of women. However, evidence indicates that the utilization of services among eligible and high-risk women in the country has remained very low, and data are scarce in Dire Dawa. Therefore, this study aimed to assess cervical cancer screening service utilization and associated factors among women aged 30 to 49 years in Dire Dawa, eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was undertaken in Dire Dawa from February 01 to March 01, 2017. Only two facilities provided the screening service in Dire Dawa Administration. Six- hundred and one women aged 30 to 49 years were selected using a systematic sampling method. Data were collected using a pretested face-to-face interview administered questionnaire. Data were entered using EpiData 3.1, and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science Version 21. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the factors associated with cervical cancer screening utilization. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used, and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In this study, the magnitude of cervical cancer screening service utilization was 4.0% (95% CI: 2.5-5.7). The factors associated with cervical cancer screening service utilization were older age (AOR = 4.2; 95% CI:1.3-13.8), attending private health facilities (AOR = 8.9; 95% CI: 2.8-28.0), being employed (AOR = 3.3; 95% CI: 1.3-8.8), visiting the gynecology departments (AOR = 3.8; 95% CI: 1.5-9.8), being knowledgeable (AOR = 4.8; 95% CI: 1.5-15.5), being counseled by health professionals (AOR = 4.1; 95% CI: 1.5-11.3), and user’s of family planning (AOR = 4.9; 95% CI: 1.2-20.0). Conclusion: The magnitude of cervical cancer screening utilization was very low. Hence, to improve the screening service utilization of cervical cancer, a campaign on community awareness, strengthening service linkage among departments, expansion of the centers for cervical cancer screening, and promotion of family planning method utilization are recommended.

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Impact of knowledge and attitude on the utilization rate of cervical cancer screening tests among Ethiopian women: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0239927 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. e0239927

Author(s):

Ayelign Mengesha Kassie ◽

Biruk Beletew Abate ◽

Mesfin Wudu Kassaw ◽

Teshome Gebremeskel Aragie ◽

Bonsa Amsalu Geleta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Publication Bias ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Service Utilization ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Screening Service ◽

Cancer Screening Tests ◽

Knowledge And Attitude

Introduction Cervical cancer is a major public health problem, particularly in resource-limited settings. The use of vaccination and screening tests has reduced the burden of cervical cancer in developed countries. However, the situation is quite the reverse in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to estimate the pooled impact of knowledge and attitude on the prevalence of cervical cancer screening service utilization rates among Ethiopian women. Methods Studies that examined cervical cancer screening service utilization among women in Ethiopia were searched from five international databases. Cochran’s Q chi-square and the I-squared test statistics were used to check the presence of heterogeneity among the included studies. The funnel plot and Egger’s regression tests were also used to assess the presence of publication bias. A weighted DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model was employed. Subgroup analysis was performed by the study population concerning the prevalence of cervical cancer screening service utilization rates. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to assess the effect of a single study on the pooled estimates. Data analysis was performed using STATA™ Version 14 software. Results A total of 44 studies with 28,186 study participants were included. The estimated pooled prevalence of cervical cancer screening service utilization was 8.11% (95% CI: 7.26, 8.97). After adjustment for publication bias with the trim and fill analysis, the estimated prevalence rate appeared to be 5.47% (95% CI: 4.66, 6.28). The prevalence of cervical cancer screening service utilization was higher among HIV-positive women, 16.85%, and in studies conducted among health care workers, 10.24%, than the general population. The pooled effect of knowledge on the utilization of cervical cancer screening tests among Ethiopian women was statistically significant (AOR = 3.20, 95% CI: 1.63, 6.31). Similarly, the pooled estimated odds of utilizing cervical cancer screening tests were 6.1 times higher (AOR = 6.09, 95% CI: 1.09, 34.36) among women who had a favorable attitude towards the screening tests. Conclusion Knowledge and attitude had a significant impact on the prevalence of cervical cancer screening test utilization rates among women in Ethiopia. However, the prevalence of cervical cancer screening service utilization among Ethiopian women is very low. Hence, large-scale awareness programs and situation-based strategies need to be designed to increase the uptake of cervical cancer screening services in the country.

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Cervical Cancer Screening Service Uptake and Associated Factors among Age Eligible Women in Mekelle Zone, Northern Ethiopia, 2015: A Community Based Study Using Health Belief Model

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0149908 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. e0149908 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Hinsermu Bayu ◽

Yibrah Berhe ◽

Amlaku Mulat ◽

Amare Alemu

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Health Belief Model ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Health Belief ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Screening Service ◽

Community Based ◽

Belief Model

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Predictors of cervical cancer screening service utilization among commercial sex workers in Northwest Ethiopia: a case-control study

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-019-0862-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bekele Atinafu Muluneh ◽

Desta Debalkie Atnafu ◽

Belaynew Wassie

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Service Utilization ◽

Sex Workers ◽

Commercial Sex ◽

Screening Service ◽

History Of ◽

Screening Services ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Although an opportunistic approach of cervical cancer screening strategy had been implemented in Ethiopia, utilization of screening services among women is still low, accounted < 1%. We hypothesize that commercial sex women in Ethiopia faced a number of obstacles in order to access screening services. Identifying the predictors influencing utilizations of the screening services is an essential effort to tailor screening program towards increasing the utilization. Methods An unmatched case-control study was implemented with a total sample size of 230 (46 cases and 184 controls). The study was conducted among commercial sex workers who attended confidential clinic opened for sex workers. Simple random sampling was employed. After the data were checked for completeness, consistency and accuracy, it was entered in to Epi nfo version 7 then exported to SPSS for further statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the profile of study participants. Logistic regression was employed to identify the predictors of cervical cancer screening uptake. P < 0.05 was computed to determine the level of statistical significance. Results Cervical cancer screening utilization was associated with providers’ recommendation (AOR = 6.8; 95% CI: 2.3, 9.7), history of sexually transmitted infection (AOR = 6.9; 95% CI: 1.29, 7.2), frequency of facility visit (AOR = 4.8; 95% CI: 1.97, 11.8) and history of vaginal examination (AOR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.1, 0.68). Conclusions The level of cervical cancer screening service utilization was higher among women with history of STI, frequency of facility visit and providers’ recommendation. The level of cervical cancer screening service utilization was lower in women with previous vaginal examination.

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Uptake of Cervical Cancer Screening and the Associated Factors Among Women Living With HIV in Northern Tanzania

10.21203/rs.3.rs-279311/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dorah Mrema ◽

James Ngocho ◽

Beatus T. Shirima ◽

Device Fande ◽

Rahma Shehoza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Human Immune Deficiency Virus ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Screening Uptake ◽

Living With Hiv

Abstract Background: HIV infection is a common risk for developing cervical cancer (CC). Routine screening for CC among women living with Human Immune Deficiency Virus (WLHIV) is recommended for early detection and control of pre-malignancies. Evidence on CC uptake and its associated factors is scanty among WLHIV in Tanzania similar to other sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries. This study therefore aimed to assess the uptake of CC screening and its associated factors among WLHIV in Tanzania. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between June and September 2020 among WLHIV attending Care and Treatment Center (CTC) at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Center (KCMC). Data was collected through face to face interview using a pre-tested standardized questionnaire interviewed in Swahili. Analyses were conducted using descriptive statistics to establish the CC uptake and using regression analyses to characterize the CC screening uptake and factors associated with the CC uptake through SPSS version 23 software. Associations with P<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 341 WLHIV with mean age 45.6 years (SD 10.8) were recruited for interview. Of them, 184 (54%) WLHIV reported ever being screened for cervical cancer. After adjusting for confounders, knowledge of the screening methods was one of the factors associated with uptake of CC screening [AOR=15.61, (95% CI: 7.93-30.72), p<0.0001]. Other factors included living with HIV for at least 10 years since diagnosis [AOR=2.83; (95% CI: 1.11-7.26), P=0.030]; having knowledge of CC [AOR= 1.75, (95% CI: 1.02-3.01), p=0.041]; and having knowledge of the signs or symptoms of CC [AOR=1.95, (95% CI: 1.17-3.27), p=0.011]. Conclusion: More than four in ten WLHIV attending CTC at KCMC have never been screened for cervical cancer. Knowledge of the available screening methods, the disease condition, and duration since fist HIV diagnosis were associated with CC uptake of the screening. Addressing low CC screening uptake in Tanzania call strengthening WLHIV’s knowledge on cervical cancer screening methods, its signs, symptoms and their risk profiles. Moreover, strengthening CC screening capacity through integrated care and strengthening health providers’ capacity for counseling and screening will lead into a sustainable and effective care.

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Factors associated with high-risk HPV infection and cervical cancer screening methods among rural Uyghur women aged > 30 years in Xinjiang

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-018-5083-1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sulaiya Husaiyin ◽

Lili Han ◽

Lin Wang ◽

Chunhua Ma ◽

Zumurelaiti Ainiwaer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

High Risk ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Factors Associated ◽

High Risk Hpv

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Cervical cancer screening service utilization and associated factors among age-eligible women in Jimma town using health belief model, South West Ethiopia

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-019-0826-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Tadesse Nigussie ◽

Bitiya Admassu ◽

Aderajew Nigussie

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Service Utilization ◽

Health Belief ◽

Screening Service ◽

Screening Services ◽

Belief Model ◽

South West Ethiopia ◽

Jimma Town

Abstract Background Cervical cancer is the second most common gynecologic cancer affecting the lives of women. It causes hundreds of thousands of death among women annually worldwide. When a woman is screened for cervical cancer at least once in her life between the ages of 30 and 40, the risk of getting cervical cancer can be decreased by 25–36%. Despite this advantage, the coverage of cervical cancer screening is limited in low and middle-income countries including Ethiopia. Objective To assess cervical cancer screening service utilization and associated factors among age-eligible women in Jimma town, South West Ethiopia, 2017. Methods Community based cross-sectional study was used. Seven hundred thirty-seven women were selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a structured interview administered questionnaire. Data were collected on socio-demographic, reproductive factors, knowledge of cervical cancer as well as constructs of Health belief model and practice related variables. Logistic regression analysis was performed, and variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 in the multivariable analysis were taken as statistically significant predictors of cervical cancer screening service utilization. Results Of the 737 women, only 15.5% were screened for cervical cancer. The independent predictors of cervical cancer screening utilization were: being government employee [AOR = 3.00, 95% CI: 1.49–6.01], knowing someone who has ever screened [AOR = 3.61, 95% CI: 2.07–6.29], having history of gynecologic examination for any reason (having previous examination that expose women genitalia for physician like examination during child birth, abortion procedure and examination for STI) [AOR =2.84, 95% CI: 1.48–5.45], not preferring gender of physician for gynecological examination [AOR = 3.57, 95% CI: 1.98–6.45], getting advice from health care providers [AOR = 4.45, 95% CI: 2.57–7.70], having good knowledge of cervical cancer screening [AOR = 3.46, 95% CI: 1.47–8.21] and having perceived susceptible for cervical cancer [AOR = 3.03, 95% CI: 1.64–5.56]. Conclusions The utilization of cervical cancer screening services was low in Jimma town. Strengthening the screening service is important through raising the awareness of the community towards cervical cancer and screening services.

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Performance and Accuracy of High-Risk HPV Genotyping Assay vs Nongenotyping Assay for Cervical Cancer Screening in Heterosexual Chinese Women: An Observational Cohort Study

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3539625 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Binhua Dong ◽

Lihua Chen ◽

Wenyu Lin ◽

Xiaodan Mao ◽

Yingying Su ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

High Risk ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Chinese Women ◽

Observational Cohort Study ◽

Genotyping Assay ◽

Observational Cohort ◽

High Risk Hpv

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Patient, Provider, and Clinic Factors Associated with the Use of Cervical Cancer Screening

Preventive Medicine Reports ◽

10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101468 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 101468

Author(s):

Jennifer S. Haas ◽

Christine Vogeli ◽

Liyang Yu ◽

Steven J. Atlas ◽

Celette Sugg Skinner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Factors Associated

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Cervical cancer screening service utilization and associated factors among HIV positive women attending adult ART clinic in public health facilities, Hawassa town, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

BMC Health Services Research ◽

10.1186/s12913-019-4718-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Abiyu Ayalew Assefa ◽

Feleke Hailemichael Astawesegn ◽

Bethlehem Eshetu

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Screening ◽

Cervical Cancer Screening ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Partner Support ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Screening Service ◽

Hiv Diagnosis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hiv Positive Women

Abstract Background In Ethiopia, cervical cancer is a public health concern, as it is the second most cause of cancer deaths among reproductive age women and it affects the country’s most vulnerable groups like; rural, poor, and HIV-positive women. Despite the strong evidence that cervical cancer screening results in decreased mortality from this disease, its utilization remains low. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2 to April 1/2019 to assess the level and factors affecting utilization of cervical cancer screening among HIV positive women in Hawassa town. Quantitative data collection methods were used. Data were gathered using a structured and pretested questionnaire. Epi-Info version 7 and SPSS version 23 were used for data entry and analysis respectively. Statistically significant association of variables was determined based on Adjusted Odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval and p-value of ≤0.05. Results Of the 342 women interviewed, 40.1% (95% CI: 35.00, 45.33%) of them were screened. Having a post primary education (AOR = 5.1, 95% CI: 1.8, 14.5), less than 500 cell/mm3 CD4 count (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.2, 5.9); duration since HIV diagnosis (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI: 2.1, 8.5), partner support (AOR = 4.7, 95% CI: 2.3, 9.4), having knowledge about risk factors (AOR = 2.9 (95% CI: 1.2, 6.9) and having favorable attitude towards cervical cancer and its screening (AOR = 3.7 (95% CI: 1.8, 7.5) were associated with cervical cancer screening utilization. Conclusions The study revealed utilization of cervical cancer screening service was low among HIV positive women. Educational status, duration of HIV diagnosis, partner support, knowledge status about risk factor, CD4 count and attitude towards cervical cancer and its screening were associated with cervical cancer screening utilization. Health care workers need to provide intensive counseling services for all ART care attendants to increase utilization.

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