scholarly journals How Do We Encourage Gifted Girls to Pursue and Succeed in Science and Engineering?

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jilana S. Boston ◽  
Andrei Cimpian
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
Intellectual Abilities ◽  
Gifted Girls

Despite having the raw ability to pursue careers in science and engineering, gifted girls often shy away from such careers. Here, the authors explore two explanations for this puzzling phenomenon. Specifically, they argue that exposure to (a) negative stereotypes about women’s intellectual abilities and (b) stereotypes about scientists as “nerdy,” eccentric loners may undermine gifted girls’ confidence in their ability to succeed in science and engineering, their sense of belonging in these fields, and—ultimately—their interest. The authors also suggest evidence-based strategies for inoculating girls against these stereotypes and boosting their interest in science and engineering.

scholarly journals How Do We Encourage Gifted Girls to Pursue and Succeed in Science and Engineering?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jilana S Boston ◽  
Andrei Cimpian
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
Intellectual Abilities ◽  
Gifted Girls

Despite having the raw ability to pursue careers in science and engineering, gifted girls often shy away from such careers. Here, we explore two explanations for this puzzling phenomenon. Specifically, we argue that exposure to (1) negative stereotypes about women’s intellectual abilities and (2) stereotypes about scientists as “nerdy,” eccentric loners may undermine gifted girls’ confidence in their ability to succeed in science and engineering, their sense of belonging in these fields, and—ultimately—their interest. We also suggest evidence-based strategies for inoculating girls against these stereotypes and boosting their interest in science and engineering.

Perturbation Bounds and Condition Numbers for a Complex Indefinite Linear Algebraic System

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhu ◽  
Wei-Wei Xu ◽  
Xing-Dong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Algebraic System ◽  
Condition Numbers ◽  
Linear Algebraic System ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
Perturbation Bounds

AbstractWe consider perturbation bounds and condition numbers for a complex indefinite linear algebraic system, which is of interest in science and engineering. Some existing results are improved, and illustrative numerical examples are provided.

Fractional Meissner–Ochsenfeld effect in superconductors

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (26) ◽  
pp. 1950316 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Gómez-Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Fractional Calculus ◽  
Fractional Order ◽  
Mathematical Tool ◽  
Conformable Derivative ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
London Equation ◽  
Physical Phenomena

Fractional calculus (FC) is a valuable tool in the modeling of many phenomena, and it has become a topic of great interest in science and engineering. This mathematical tool has proved its efficiency in modeling the intermediate anomalous behaviors observed in different physical phenomena. The Meissner–Ochsenfeld effect describes the levitation of superconductors in a nonuniform magnetic field if they are cooled below critical temperature. This paper presents analytical solutions of the fractional London equation that describes the Meissner–Ochsenfeld effect considering the Liouville–Caputo, Caputo–Fabrizio–Caputo, Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo, fractional conformable derivative in Liouville–Caputo sense and Atangana–Koca–Caputo fractional-order derivatives. Numerical simulations were obtained for different values of the fractional-order.

scholarly journals On Fourier Series of Fuzzy-Valued Functions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uğur Kadak ◽  
Feyzi Başar
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Series ◽  
Fourier Analysis ◽  
Uniform Convergence ◽  
Level Sets ◽  
Closed Interval ◽  
Complex Form ◽  
Dirichlet Kernel ◽  
Extension Principle ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Interest In Science

Fourier analysis is a powerful tool for many problems, and especially for solving various differential equations of interest in science and engineering. In the present paper since the utilization of Zadeh’s Extension principle is quite difficult in practice, we prefer the idea of level sets in order to construct a fuzzy-valued function on a closed interval via related membership function. We derive uniform convergence of a fuzzy-valued function sequences and series with level sets. Also we study Hukuhara differentiation and Henstock integration of a fuzzy-valued function with some necessary inclusions. Furthermore, Fourier series of periodic fuzzy-valued functions is defined and its complex form is given via sine and cosine fuzzy coefficients with an illustrative example. Finally, by using the Dirichlet kernel and its properties, we especially examine the convergence of Fourier series of fuzzy-valued functions at each point of discontinuity, where one-sided limits exist.

scholarly journals Individual Regulation of Legal Relationships in Science and Engineering in the Conditions of Digitalization: A Theoretical Legal Aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Lenar A. Gumerov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Individual Regulation ◽  
Law Making

The author creates evidence-based knowledge about the essence of individual regulation of legal relations, revealing the features of this type of regulation in the scientific and technological sphere in the context of the digitalization of civil society. The increasing role of individual regulation is substantiated in connection with the openness of society, the existing processes of its self-organization, as well as the need for self-realization of individuals. It has been established that the development of individual regulation in the scientific and technological sphere is facilitated by the lack of proper legal regulation of new social relations. The article analyzes the existing approaches to individual regulation in legal science, identifies the differences between legal and individual regulation of legal relations. The theoretical debatable nature of the concept of «individual legal regulation» has been proved. Results of a research can be used in law-making activity, including in the process of interaction between civil society and the state, aimed at improving the legal regulation of the scientific and technological sphere, in the subsequent scientific research.

Do Mass Media Shape Stereotypes About Intellectually Gifted Individuals? Two Experiments on Stigmatization Effects From Biased Newspaper Reports

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-94
Author(s):  
Sebastian Bergold ◽  
Matthias R. Hastall ◽  
Ricarda Steinmayr
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
Intellectually Gifted ◽  
The Media

Negative stereotypes about intellectually gifted individuals prevail among teachers and in society although empirical research has debunked them. They are also dominant in mass media representations of gifted individuals such as newspaper reports. The present study investigated whether stereotypic representations in newspaper articles contribute to the stigmatization of gifted individuals and whether nonstereotypic, evidence-based representations might help destigmatize gifted individuals. Two randomized controlled studies with N = 431 and N = 432 university students, respectively, were conducted. In both experiments, the stereotypic representation caused more negative attitudes toward gifted individuals ( d = 0.86/0.81), whereas the evidence-based representation caused more positive attitudes ( d = −0.54/−0.58), compared with a control group. Quality of previous relationships with gifted persons moderated both effects to some extent; however, both effects were quite robust against potential moderators. Results indicate that the media should be aware of their influence on recipients’ attitudes. Giftedness researchers should more actively join in the public debate to counteract stigmatization of intellectually gifted individuals.

Signaling Threat

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 879-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Murphy ◽  
Claude M. Steele ◽  
James J. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Sense Of Belonging ◽  
Identity Threat ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Situational Cues ◽  
Social Identity Threat

This study examined the cues hypothesis, which holds that situational cues, such as a setting's features and organization, can make potential targets vulnerable to social identity threat. Objective and subjective measures of identity threat were collected from male and female math, science, and engineering (MSE) majors who watched an MSE conference video depicting either an unbalanced ratio of men to women or a balanced ratio. Women who viewed the unbalanced video exhibited more cognitive and physiological vigilance, and reported a lower sense of belonging and less desire to participate in the conference, than did women who viewed the gender-balanced video. Men were unaffected by this situational cue. The implications for understanding vulnerability to social identity threat, particularly among women in MSE settings, are discussed.

Perceptions of Teachers and Coordinators of the Gifted toward Characteristic Behaviors of Gifted Females in Rural Schools

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-39
Author(s):  
Kyung-Won Jeon ◽  
Robert S. Ristow
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Rural Schools ◽  
Gifted Programs ◽  
Career Plans ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
Sense Of Satisfaction ◽  
Gifted Females ◽  
Gifted Girls ◽  
Perceptions Of Teachers

The purpose of this study was to assess the perceptions of teachers of the gifted toward their students, particularly gifted girls. The characteristics reported in the literature were condensed to the 25 most common characteristics. From these 25 characteristics, a survey was developed which asked teachers and coordinators of the gifted programs in South Dakota to respond to each item. The results indicated that teachers and coordinators tend to view gifted females as: self-confident, having non-traditional career plans, experiencing a deeper sense of satisfaction from their talents, having a greater interest in science and math, worrying about success and failure equally, and as being more global in their problem-solving than their male intellectual peers.

scholarly journals Enacting workplace culture change for excellence in research: a gender lens

FACETS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 228-233
Author(s):  
Eleanor Haine-Bennett ◽  
Hilary B. Bergsieker ◽  
Imogen R. Coe ◽  
Andrea Koch-Kraft ◽  
Eve Langelier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Change ◽  
Workplace Culture ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Institutional Policies ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Underrepresented Groups ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Gender Lens ◽  
Selection Of

Science and engineering research excellence can be maximized if the selection of researchers is made from 100% of the pool of human talent. This requires policies and approaches that encourage broad sections of society, including women and other underrepresented groups, to participate in research. Institutional policies, interpersonal interactions, and individuals’ attitudes are drivers of workplace culture. Here, some new evidence-based and systematic approaches with a focus on culture are proposed to foster women’s inclusion and success in science and engineering.

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