Do Mass Media Shape Stereotypes About Intellectually Gifted Individuals? Two Experiments on Stigmatization Effects From Biased Newspaper Reports

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-94
Author(s):  
Sebastian Bergold ◽  
Matthias R. Hastall ◽  
Ricarda Steinmayr
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
Intellectually Gifted ◽  
The Media

Negative stereotypes about intellectually gifted individuals prevail among teachers and in society although empirical research has debunked them. They are also dominant in mass media representations of gifted individuals such as newspaper reports. The present study investigated whether stereotypic representations in newspaper articles contribute to the stigmatization of gifted individuals and whether nonstereotypic, evidence-based representations might help destigmatize gifted individuals. Two randomized controlled studies with N = 431 and N = 432 university students, respectively, were conducted. In both experiments, the stereotypic representation caused more negative attitudes toward gifted individuals ( d = 0.86/0.81), whereas the evidence-based representation caused more positive attitudes ( d = −0.54/−0.58), compared with a control group. Quality of previous relationships with gifted persons moderated both effects to some extent; however, both effects were quite robust against potential moderators. Results indicate that the media should be aware of their influence on recipients’ attitudes. Giftedness researchers should more actively join in the public debate to counteract stigmatization of intellectually gifted individuals.

The American Ghetto, Gangster, and Respect on the Streets of Copenhagen: Media(tion)s between Structure and Street Culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 089124162110569
Author(s):  
Hakan Kalkan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Perceived Similarity ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Street Culture ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Relationship

“Street culture” is often considered a response to structural factors. However, the relationship between culture and structure has rarely been empirically analyzed. This article analyzes the role of three media representations of American street culture and gangsters—two films and the music of a rap artist—in the street culture of a disadvantaged part of Copenhagen. Based on years of ethnographic fieldwork, this article demonstrates that these media representations are highly valuable to and influential among young men because of their perceived similarity between their intersectional structural positions and those represented in the media. Thus, the article illuminates the interaction between structural and cultural factors in street culture. It further offers a local explanation of the scarcely studied phenomenon of the influence of mass media on street culture, and a novel, media-based, local explanation of global similarities in different street cultures.

Challenging the Media-Incarceration Complex through Media Education

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Yousman
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
Media Education ◽  
Prime Time ◽  
Crisis Of Representation ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Media ◽  
Popular Television

This chapter argues that the United States faces a crisis of representation, for while crime rates remain stable, the TV and other corporate-controlled mass media bury viewers beneath an avalanche of fear-based spectacles in which crime and violence are portrayed as escalating, even life-threatening crises. It then outlines a new program of media education that enables consumers of mass media to develop more informed and empowering views of the complexities of crime and violence. Focusing on prime-time dramatic television as the most prevalent source of fictional images of violence, crime, and incarceration, the chapter addresses the distorted narratives and images that saturate popular television dramas. Drawing upon interviews with ex-prisoners, it also shows how media representations of imprisonment, though inaccurate and misleading, shape the perceptions even of those who have themselves been incarcerated.

scholarly journals Priming COVID-19 salience increases prejudice and discriminatory intent against Asians and Hispanics

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (36) ◽  
pp. e2105125118
Author(s):  
Yao Lu ◽  
Neeraj Kaushal ◽  
Xiaoning Huang ◽  
S. Michael Gaddis
Keyword(s):  
Minority Groups ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Media ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Prejudice And Discrimination ◽  
Vignette Experiment ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Mounting reports in the media suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has intensified prejudice and discrimination against racial/ethnic minorities, especially Asians. Existing research has focused on discrimination against Asians and is primarily based on self-reported incidents or nonrepresentative samples. We investigate the extent to which COVID-19 has fueled prejudice and discrimination against multiple racial/ethnic minority groups in the United States by examining nationally representative survey data with an embedded vignette experiment about roommate selection (collected in August 2020; n = 5,000). We find that priming COVID-19 salience has an immediate, statistically significant impact: compared to the control group, respondents in the treatment group exhibited increased prejudice and discriminatory intent against East Asian, South Asian, and Hispanic hypothetical room-seekers. The treatment effect is more pronounced in increasing extreme negative attitudes toward the three minority groups than decreasing extreme positive attitudes toward them. This is partly due to the treatment increasing the proportion of respondents who perceive these minority groups as extremely culturally incompatible (Asians and Hispanics) and extremely irresponsible (Asians). Sociopolitical factors did not moderate the treatment effects on attitudes toward Asians, but prior social contact with Hispanics mitigated prejudices against them. These findings suggest that COVID-19–fueled prejudice and discrimination have not been limited to East Asians but are part of a broader phenomenon that has affected Asians generally and Hispanics as well.

scholarly journals Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian unintended pregnancy pada remaja

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-172
Author(s):  
Lidya Yulanda Sari ◽  
Lutfi Nurdian Asnindari
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Unintended Pregnancy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
N Value ◽  
A Value ◽  
Variable Level ◽  
The Media ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Abstract: This research aims to study factors related to the eventunintended pregnancy adolescent. The analysis used is the chi squaretest. Results of research on the variable level of knowledge about theunintended pregnancy in the case group and 46.7% less category 66.7%of control group both categories. In variable teenage promiscuity themajority of the cases 86.7% less category, 40% of the control groupboth categories. In variable parenting parents, the majority of the cases66.7% less category, 73.3% of the control group both categories. Inthe variable of mass media, the majority of the cases 14% less diversecategories, 33.3% of control group is very diverse categories. There isa relationship between the level of knowledge, relationships teens,parenting parents, and the media with a value of ñ value (0.000) <á(0.05).

scholarly journals FEMINISM IN ‘AFTER 11’ AN ADVERTISIMENT OF BUKALAPAK

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Rully . ◽  
Abdul Basit ◽  
Muji Prabella
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
Media Representations ◽  
Roland Barthes ◽  
Semiotic Analysis ◽  
Domestic Sphere ◽  
Female Figure ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Mass Media

Abstrak. Perkembangan era digital saat ini telah memperlihatkan transformasi nyata dari perubahan ruang periklanan. Iklan dalam bentuk film telah menjadi bagian dari media massa sebagai salah satu media representasi yang merupakan cerminan dari masyarakat. Bukalapak melalui YouTube, membalut makna feminisme dalam kemasan film AFTER 11 yang sekaligus merupakan iklan untuk membangun pandangan agar masyarakat lebih berdaya. Dengan memperlihatkan figur perempuan seorang ibu yang tidak hanya berkiprah di ranah domestik, namun dapat melakukan aktifitas ataupun pekerjaan yang bersifat maskulin. Karakter perempuan yang menyadari kebebasannya membuat menarik untuk menguak dan menelitinya dari sisi feminisme, dengan menggunakan analisis semiotika Roland Barthes yang memaparkan denotasi, konotasi dan mitos. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa ada ideologi feminisme yang ingin dibawa oleh Bukalapak melalui media iklan dalam film AFTER 11, bahwa perempuan saat ini dapat beraktifitas sebebas-bebasnya tanpa perlu khawatir dan mampu berperan ganda dalam memenuhi kebutuhan anaknya, selain itu juga Bukalapak ingin mendobrak stereotip menjadi pengusaha harus dengan modal yang besar dan biasanya hal ini hanya dapat dilakukan oleh kaum kapitalis, namun dengan Bukalapak, UKM atau individu, ataupun hanya seorang ibu rumah tangga, dapat berdaya dan tangguh.Abstract. The development of the digital era today has shown a real transformation of the changing advertising space. Advertising in the form of films has become part of the mass media as one of the media representations that are a reflection of society. Bukalapak through YouTube, wrapped the meaning of feminism in the AFTER 11 film packaging which is also an advertisement to broaden views so that people are more empowered. By showing a female figure as a mother who not only takes part in the domestic sphere, but also carry out activities or jobs that are masculine. The character of women who realize their freedom makes it interesting to uncover and examine it from the side of feminism, using Roland Barthes's semiotic analysis which presents denotations, connotations and myths. The conclusion of this study shows that there is an ideology of feminism that Bukalapak wants to bring through the advertising media in the film AFTER 11, that women today can work as freely as possible without worrying and being able to play a dual role in meeting their children's needs, besides that Bukalapak also wants to break stereotypes being an entrepreneur must be with big capital and usually this can only be done by the capitalists, but with Bukalapak, UKM or individual, or just a housewife, can be empowered and resilient.

scholarly journals Digital Media Literacy in Samin Indigeneous People

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 14018
Author(s):  
Turnomo Rahardjo ◽  
Hapsari D. Sulistyani ◽  
Taufik Suprihatini
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Media Literacy ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
The Media ◽  
Digital Media Literacy

As an ethnic group, Samin community has values and rules that differ to the dominant Indonesian culture. Negative stereotypes that are embedded in the word of Samin has made the community prefer to be called as Sedulurur Sikep. In Baturejo village, a village that has a large number of Sedulur Sikep, the monograph data shows that 70.74 percent of the population does not attend junior high school. The data indicates that many members of the population do not fully participate in formal education. On the other hand, the data also signifies that the community has in a way exposed to an outside (formal) mode of education particularly at the level of elementary school. The similar phenomenon also occurs in the terms of digital media. Some of the Sikep community have consumed mass media, even though the way they perceive mass media differ to that of the dominant culture. Thus, it is necessary to conduct a media literacy education to Sikep society icluding digital media literacy. The media education have to be adapted to local thinking and understanding of the media’s contents. The result of media literacy observation indicates that, while still maintaining its cultural values, Sikep community does not become completely exclusive to digital media exposures. Communication activities that are using mobile phones can be found in their daily lives.They also interact with those who have different cultural backgrounds with them. The mobile phone has become a relatively prominent gadget in the society. Therefore, the Sikep community is vulnerable to the various contents of messages offered by the media.

Exploring factors influencing social workers’ attitudes toward evidence-based practice: A Chinese study

2020 ◽  
pp. 002087282094990
Author(s):  
Minseop Kim
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Youth Services ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Chinese Study ◽  
Using Data

Despite the growing emphasis on evidence-based practice (EBP), Chinese social workers’ adoption of EBP has been slow and limited, due partly to the fact that they often hold negative attitudes toward EBP. This study examined factors that account for these negative attitudes, using data collected from social workers in Hong Kong. Regression revealed that females, those less experienced, and social workers in non-governmental organizations endorsed more positive attitudes toward EBP, while those providing youth services had less favorable attitudes. Recent initiatives to promote Chinese social workers’ adoption of EBP will be more successful if they target those groups having less favorable attitudes.

Is negative mass media news always associated with outgroup prejudice? The buffering role of direct contact

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Fuochi ◽  
Alberto Voci ◽  
Chiara A. Veneziani ◽  
Jessica Boin ◽  
Benjamin Fell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Immigrants ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Negative News ◽  
Buffering Hypothesis ◽  
Positive Direct

We examined the association of the combination of direct intergroup contact and mass media news with attitudes toward immigrants and gay people in Italy, hypothesizing that direct intergroup contact would buffer the negative association between media news and attitudes, but only when contact was intimate or positive. Measuring contact variables and attitudes toward immigrants (Study 1, N = 428; Study 2, N = 426) and gay men and women (Study 3, N = 220), we found that intimate and positive direct intergroup contact was associated with more positive attitudes toward outgroup members, whereas exposure to negative news was related to more negative attitudes. Moreover, our results supported the buffering hypothesis, as the negative association between negative news and intergroup attitudes was significantly weaker amongst respondents with higher levels of intimate and positive intergroup contact.

The Media Image of the North Caucasus in the Chechen Republic Mass Media as an Instrument of National Identification

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
Evseev Alexander Y. ◽  
◽  
Erofeeva Irina V. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Northern Caucasus ◽  
Media Influence ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
Media Image ◽  
The North ◽  
National Identification ◽  
The Media

The topicality of the research is caused by the totality of the modern media influence on an image of a particular territory in mass conscience. The article characterizes the system of the Chechen media as an information platform for promoting the image of the North Caucasus, and offers its image projection in the media of the Republic, taking into account the mental characteristics of the inhabitants of the region. The article aims at revealing communicative possibilities for modeling the Northern Caucasus image by the media resources of the Chechen Republic in the system of successful territorial branding, and presenting the media image role in forming national identity. Axiology of the media image is presented through linguistic and cultural analysis based on the inseparable unity of the language and culture of the society. Our interdisciplinary research was conducted using a structural-functional approach and discourse-analysis, which allowed us to reveal format and content features of constructing and advancing the media image. Basic media image features are intended to awake a man’s cultural memory and his national identity ‒ a feeling of belonging to a socio-code meaningful for a particular territory. The conclusion can be drawn that it is necessary to fundamentally readjust the media image taking into account the characteristics of perception and expectations of the audience. We stress the importance of changes in the presentation of information materials about the region. There is a need for regular and systematic work on neutralizing the negative stereotypes and constructing the effective media image of the Northern Caucasus as an instrument for the consolidation of the population and person’s cultural identification. The dominating idea for the strategy of advancing the media image of a multiethnic region should be the real integration of territorial, ethnopolitical, economic, and sociocultural interests of the population of this mountainous region. The article materials can be important as part of basic research dealing with the main features of representation of the territorial image with different characteristics in the mass media. Keywords: media image, Northern Caucasus, Chechen Republic, national identification, public opinion, image, media influence

scholarly journals DOES THE NEWS MEDIA FOSTER A HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT FOR OLDER ADULTS: A CONTENT ANALYSIS OF NEWS ARTICLES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S956-S957
Author(s):  
Erfei Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
News Media ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Hostile Environment ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
The Media ◽  
Older Adult Population ◽  
Negative Sentiment

Abstract The media has become increasingly more agenda-driven and politically biased in recent years. This research explores whether the major news outlets fosters an environment of negative sentiment towards the older adult population over a 4-year-period from 2016-2019. The paper uses a content analysis approach. 199 news articles that include keywords such as "older adults", "seniors" or "elderly" are randomly selected among those published in the first week of March in 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 from the online archives. Main attitudes towards the older adults are extracted and categorized. In the 4-year span, regression analysis shows that negative attitudes are apolitical and are found in almost two-thirds (64%) of the 199 news articles in both liberal and conservative news outlets, suggesting that the current media creates a ubiquitously hostile environment for older adults. However, more liberal news outlets tend to produce more articles with positive messages about the older adults (p&lt;0.05), and more conservative news outlets tend to create more content that reinforces negative stereotypes of older adults as being vulnerable and less productive (p&lt;0.01). The high percentage of negative attitudes and the ubiquitous negative attitudes in news organizations, in spite of their political leaning, suggests that the media environment has some influence on the news content. Political biases of the organization are associated to numbers of articles with positive messages and negative stereotyping. Promoting professional development and self-regulating mechanisms in journalism could aid in reducing ageism perpetuated in the media.

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