A review of vehicle active safety control methods: From antilock brakes to semiautonomy

2020 ◽  
pp. 107754632094865
Author(s):  
Arash Hosseinian Ahangarnejad ◽  
Ahmad Radmehr ◽  
Mehdi Ahmadian
Keyword(s):  
Active Safety ◽  
Traction Control ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
Potential Safety ◽  
Yaw Stability ◽  
Active Safety Systems ◽  
Safety Systems ◽  
Vehicle Active Safety ◽  
Antilock Brakes

A comprehensive review of technologies and approaches for active safety systems designed to reduce ground vehicle crashes, as well as the associated severity of injuries and fatalities, is provided. Active safety systems are commonly referred to as systems that can forewarn a driver of a potential safety hazard, or automatically intervene to reduce the likelihood of an accident without requiring driver intervention. The data from naturalistic drivers has shown that such systems are instrumental in improving vehicle safety in various conditions, particularly at higher speeds and under adverse road conditions. The increased integration of sensors, electronics, and real-time processing capabilities has served as one of the critical enabling elements in the widespread integration of active safety systems in modern vehicles. The emphasis is placed on control approaches for active safety systems and their progression over the years from antilock brakes to more advanced technologies that have nearly enabled semiautonomous driving. A review of key active safety control approaches for antilock braking, yaw stability, traction control, roll stability, and various collision avoidance systems is provided.

Delay compensated pneumatic brake controller for heavy road vehicle active safety systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440622095282
Author(s):  
KB Devika ◽  
Nithya Sridhar ◽  
Harshal Patil ◽  
Shankar C Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Time Delay ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Active Safety ◽  
State Prediction ◽  
Active Safety System ◽  
Active Safety Systems ◽  
Safety Systems ◽  
Vehicle Active Safety

Performance enhancement of typically sluggish pneumatic brake actuators in Heavy Commercial Road Vehicles (HCRVs) is necessary for the efficacious operation of active safety systems. This study develops a robust Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) controller using the Kharitonov theorem for pneumatic brakes. To account for the inherent time delay present in pneumatic brakes, Padé approximation and state prediction methods were used. The efficacy of the brake controller when used for active safety system operation has been investigated by conducting Hardware-in-Loop (HiL) experiments. It was found that state prediction based design turned out to be a better choice for handling time delays in the brake actuator. This controller was then compared with a Sliding Mode Control (SMC) based brake controller and the performance of both controllers was comparable. Further, the state prediction based PID brake controller was found to be robust up to 100% variation in system time constant and 40% variation in time delay for different road and load conditions.

iB1350: A Generation III.7 Reactor After the Fukushima Daiichi Accident

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Sato ◽  
Keiji Matsumoto ◽  
Kenji Hosomi ◽  
Keisuke Taguchi
Keyword(s):  
Cooling System ◽  
Boiling Water ◽  
Passive Safety ◽  
Active Safety ◽  
Water Reactor ◽  
Airplane Crash ◽  
Passive Safety Systems ◽  
Active Safety Systems ◽  
Fukushima Daiichi ◽  
Safety Systems

iB1350 stands for an innovative, intelligent and inexpensive boiling water reactor 1350. It is the first Generation III.7 reactor after the Fukushima Daiichi accident. It has incorporated lessons learned from the Fukushima Daiichi accident and Western European Nuclear Regulation Association safety objectives. It has innovative safety to cope with devastating natural disasters including a giant earthquake, a large tsunami and a monster hurricane. The iB1350 can survive passively such devastation and a very prolonged station blackout without any support from the outside of a site up to 7 days even preventing core melt. It, however, is based on the well-established proven Advance Boiling Water Reactor (ABWR) design. The nuclear steam supply system is exactly the same as that of the current ABWR. As for safety design it has a double cylinder reinforced concrete containment vessel (Mark W containment) and an in-depth hybrid safety system (IDHS). The Mark W containment has double fission product confinement barriers and the in-containment filtered venting system (IFVS) that enable passively no emergency evacuation outside the immediate vicinity of the plant for a severe accident (SA). It has a large volume to hold hydrogen, a core catcher, a passive flooding system and an innovative passive containment cooling system (iPCCS) establishing passively practical elimination of containment failure even in a long term. The IDHS consists of 4 division active safety systems for a design basis accident, 2 division active safety systems for a SA and built-in passive safety systems (BiPSS) consisting of an isolation condenser (IC) and the iPCCS for a SA. The IC/PCCS pools have enough capacity for 7-day grace period. The IC/PCCS heat exchangers, core and spent fuel pool are enclosed inside the containment vessel (CV) building and protected against a large airplane crash. The iB1350 can survive a large airplane crash only by the CV building and the built-in passive safety systems therein. The dome of the CV building consists of a single wall made of steel and concrete composite. This single dome structure facilitates a short-term construction period and cost saving. The CV diameter is smaller than that of most PWR resulting in a smaller R/B. Each active safety division includes only one emergency core cooling system (ECCS) pump and one emergency diesel generator (EDG). Therefore, a single failure of the EDG never causes multiple failures of ECCS pumps in a safety division. The iB1350 is based on the proven ABWR technology and ready for construction. No new technology is incorporated but design concept and philosophy are initiative and innovative.

ACTIVE SAFETY SYSTEMS

2014 ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Igor Sergeyevich Sazonov ◽  
Mikhail Leonidovich Petrenko ◽  
Aleksandr Sergeyevich Melnikov ◽  
Olga Valeryevna Bilyk ◽  
Aleksandr Vladimirоvich Yushkevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Safety ◽  
Active Safety Systems ◽  
Safety Systems

Identification of a Driver Steering Model, and Model Uncertainty, From Driving Simulator Data

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Kuang Chen ◽  
A. Galip Ulsoy
Keyword(s):  
Model Uncertainty ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Driver Model ◽  
Active Safety ◽  
Control Loop ◽  
Structured Uncertainty ◽  
Active Safety Systems ◽  
Safety Systems ◽  
Uncertainty Models ◽  
Adaptation Scheme

Abstract Driver steering models have been extensively studied. However, driver model uncertainty has received relatively little attention. For active safety systems that function while the driver is still in the control loop, such uncertainty can affect overall system performance significantly. In this paper, an approach to obtain both the driver model and its uncertainty from driving simulator data is presented. The structured uncertainty is used to represent the driver’s time-varying behavior, and the unstructured uncertainty is used to account for unmodeled dynamics. The uncertainty models can be used to represent both the uncertainty within one driver and the uncertainty across multiple drivers. The results show that the unstructured uncertainty is significant, probably due to randomness in driver behavior. The structured uncertainty suggests that an estimation and adaptation scheme might be applicable for the design of controllers for active safety systems.

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