MODERN SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (Part 2. Safety indicators of control systems)

Purpose: Analysis and determination of the main modern international safety requirements that must be met in the design, development and operation of industrial equipment management systems, as well as confirmation of the need for further improvement of the domestic regulatory framework in this area. Methodology/approach: Performed analysis of the requirements of modern international standards (IEC 62061 and IEC 61508) on the safety of electrical, electronic and programmable electronic control systems for industrial equipment and the existing sequence of protection against hazards; the algorithm of step-by-step realization of control systems and the basic features of the organization of their structures at the level of functional blocks and subsystems for maintenance of necessary level of completeness of functional safety are defined; the peculiarities of the process of design and development of each of the subsystems and the algorithm of its execution are analyzed; defined algorithms for estimating the probability of dangerous accidental hardware failures for the recommended basic architecture of subsystems (type A, B, C and D) and for the control system itself; provided recommendations on the composition of the specification of safety requirements in the design of control systems; reviewed software requirements. Conclusions: The analysis of the features of functioning and application of modern international safety standards, which must be observed in the design, development and operation of industrial equipment management systems convincingly confirms the relevance and need for further improvement of domestic regulations in this area. Research results: Modern requirements for the organization of the control system structure at the level of functional units and subsystems to ensure the required level of completeness of functional safety of electrical, electronic and programmable electronic control systems for industrial equipment are determined, as well as features of application the of algorithms for estimating the probability of dangerous accidental failures of control systems and their subsystems. Practical implications: The development and implementation of relevant national standards based on IEC 62061 and IEC 61508 should accelerate the further development of technical progress in Ukraine in the field of industrial safety. Originality/value: Defining the main features of the functioning of modern international safety standards, which must be observed in the design, development and operation of industrial equipment control systems; Appropriate recommendations for their practical application are provided; Substantiated and confirmed the relevance and importance of the development of relevant harmonized national standards based on the standards IEC 62061 and IEC 61508.

Optimal Design of the Six-Wheel Steering System with Multiple Steering Modes

Vehicles will face different working conditions during the use, and different working conditions have different requirements for vehicle functions, which results in many subdivided models. An off-road vehicle is a subdivision model produced to adapt to complex road conditions. In order to adapt to complex road conditions, vehicles should have a good passing ability, small size, and good flexibility. The six-wheeled vehicle has both good passing ability and small volume, which is the best choice for off-road vehicles. The design of the steering system becomes the key step to improve the flexibility of the six-wheeled vehicle. This paper mainly designs an independent steering system for a six-wheel electric vehicle with higher flexibility. The system is designed for six-wheel electric vehicles driven by six in-wheel motors. It mainly includes mechanical steering system and electronic control steering system. Both mechanical steering systems and electronic control steering system have multiple steering modes. Firstly, this paper introduces the various steering modes of the mechanical steering system and the electronic control steering system. Secondly, a CAD model is established by using the software Solidworks, and the system structure is introduced in detail combined with the CAD model. Finally, a kinematics model is established and calculated. The calculation results showed that the steering system can significantly improve the flexibility of the vehicle, so that the vehicle can complete the steering stably and quickly on complex road sections.

AN EVALUATION APPROACH FOR ELIMINATING THE FAILURE EFFECT IN GAS TURBINE USING FUZZY MULTIPLE CRITERIA

This paper demonstrated the fuzzy AHP combined with fuzzy VIKOR technique integrated with essentials of weight in order to overcome the risk evaluation process of the uncertainty in subjective perception and experience of human. Gas turbine has considerably expanded its role in several areas subsequent to the improvement in high efficiency and clean energy such as aviation and marine propulsion systems, electric power stations, and natural gas and petroleum transportation. However, the cost of various industrial plants and their relevant maintenance appear to be extremely expensive to be operated by these gas turbines. This paper aimed to cope with the essential elements of gas turbine including hydraulic-pneumatic equipment, electronic control equipment, and bearing equipment. The results have proved the bearing equipment to have been the most effected alternative, as being ensued by hydraulic-pneumatic equipment and electronic control equipment.

290 The impact of ‘the medication non-adherence’ in patients with cardiovascular disease: causes, outcomes, and interventions. Review of the literature

Aims The adherence of the pharmacological prescriptions, for patients affected by cardiovascular chronic diseases is one of the most difficult challenges and it’s very important for the clinical efficiency of the therapy. A weak medication adherence or the non-adherence is associated with an increase in health care interventions, an increase in mortality and morbidity, and they can negatively affect the citizens and the sustainability health care system. It’s very important to pay attention to this adhesion and it is a discussed topic in the cardiovascular field. Identify the causes of medication weak adherence and/or medication non-adherence used in cardiovascular diseases and determine the resulting unfavorable clinical outcomes and possible solutions to reduce this phenomenon. Methods and results A systematic search was carried out using databases such as PUBMED and CINAHL. The inclusion criteria established, so that an article could be used, was the relevance to the topic. From the studies analyzed for the preparation of the review, it is clear that the main causes of weak adherence and/or non-adherence to drug are the long duration of the therapies, the patient’s age, and the complexity of the therapy. All this leads to unfavorable outcomes for the patient, thus determining an increase in the number of outpatient visits with the risk of hospitalization or re-hospitalization, up to an increase in mortality and/or morbidity. Conclusions The medication weak adherence or the medication non-adherence is a crucial element in the cardiovascular field that requires intervention to reduce adverse outcomes. The methods to reduce this phenomenon include health education, the interaction between patient and professionals, medical deprescribing, and the use of electronic control devices which, in recent years, have proved to be perfect allies in adherence.

Sustainable and low-cost automated greenhouse prototype with a social focus for integral formation

A low-cost automated greenhouse prototype was developed, which can be installed on rooftops, gardens, and even commercial greenhouses. This work was carried out through the use of an electronic control system, and a user interface, which allows it to be used by children, young people or adults of the Private Assistance Institution (IAP) "Manitas que hablan", contributing to the cultivation of flowers, herbs, fruits and vegetables. Surveys, experimental and observation was applied wish methodology of during the development of this project, to know the needs of the agricultural sector and to integrate the components of the systems for the automated greenhouse. The study demonstrates the feasibility of collaborative work in the development of a prototype that allows the germination of seeds and harvest of crops, and the importance of providing support to the social sector, promoting urban gardens for the integration of children and young people in this activity, achieving better health and food safety for the future.

BusCount: A Provable Replay Protection Solution for Automotive CAN Networks

Information technology has become eminent in the development of modern cars. More than 50 Electronic Control Units (ECUs) realize vehicular functions in hardware and software, ranging from engine control and infotainment to future autonomous driving systems. Not only do the connections to the outside world pose new threats, but also the in-vehicle communication between ECUs, realized by bus systems such as Controller Area Network (CAN), needs to be protected against manipulation and replay of messages. Multiple countermeasures were presented in the past making use of Message Authentication Codes and time stamps and message counters, respectively, to provide message freshness, most prominently AUTOSAR’s Secure Onboard Communication (SecOC). In this paper, we focus on the latter ones. As one aspect of this paper, using an adequate formal model and proof, we will show that the currently considered solutions exhibit deficiencies that are hard if not impossible to overcome within the scope of the respective approaches. We further present a hardware-based approach that avoids these deficiencies and formally prove its freshness properties. In addition, we show its practicability by a hardware implementation. Finally, we evaluate our approach in comparison to counter-based solutions currently being used.

Electronic monitoring and administrative empowerment of women leaders in government sectors in Makkah Al-Mukarramah: الرقابة الإلكترونية والتمكين الإداري للقيادات النسائية بالقطاعات الحكومية بمكة المكرمة

This current study aimed at identify the reality of electronic monitoring of women leaders in government sectors in Makkah Al-Mukarramah and to identify the level of administrative empowerment of women leaders in government sectors in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, and to find the relationship between the reality of electronic control and administrative empowerment of women leaders in government sectors in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, the study followed the descriptive approach to its relevance to the nature of The study and its objectives. The study sample consisted of (56) women leaders in government sectors in Makkah Al-Mukarramah. The study highlighted several results, the most important of which were: 1.Most of the study sample items are approvals of the reality of electronic monitoring of women’s leaders in government sectors in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, and the most prominent of them is that women’s leaders assume responsibility when an error occurs due to their work in the place. 2.Most of the study sample items are approvals of the reality of administrative empowerment of women leaders in government sectors in Makkah Al-Mukarramah. The most prominent of which was the ministry’s confidence in the capabilities of women’s leaders to perform their work efficiently. 3.That there is a positive relationship of statistical significance at the level of 0.01 or less between the practice of electronic monitoring and the level of administrative empowerment among women leaders in the government sector in Makkah Al-Mukarramah. The study recommended several recommendations, the most important of which were: Researching the obstacles that limit the level of administrative empowerment of women leaders in government sectors in Makkah and addressing them, and creating an appropriate environment that improves the level of administrative empowerment among women leaders in government sectors in Makkah Al-Mukarramah.

A Neurostimulator System for Real, Sham, and Multi-Target Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Background: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a clinically effective therapeutic instrument used to modulate neural activity. Despite three decades of research, two challenging issues remain, the possibility of changing the 1) stimulated spot and 2) stimulation type (real or sham) without physically moving the coil. Objective: In this study, a second-generation programmable TMS (pTMS2) device with advanced stimulus shaping is introduced that uses a 5-level cascaded H-bridge inverter and phase-shifted pulse-width modulation (PWM). The principal idea of this research is to obtain real, sham, and multi-locus stimulation with the same TMS system. Methods: We propose a two-channel modulation-based magnetic pulse generator and a novel coil arrangement, consisting of two circular coils with a physical distance of 20 mm between the coils and a control method for modifying the effective stimulus intensity, which leads to the live steerability of the location and type of stimulation. Results: Based on the measured system performance, the stimulation profile can be steered 20 mm along a line from the centroid of the coil locations by modifying the modulation index. Conclusion: The proposed system supports electronic control of the stimulation spot without physical coil movement, resulting in tunable modulation of targets, which is a crucial step towards automated TMS machines.

Electronic control of redox reactions inside Escherichia coli using a genetic module

Microorganisms regulate the redox state of different biomolecules to precisely control biological processes. These processes can be modulated by electrochemically coupling intracellular biomolecules to an external electrode, but current approaches afford only limited control and specificity. Here we describe specific electrochemical control of the reduction of intracellular biomolecules in Escherichia coli through introduction of a heterologous electron transfer pathway. E. coli expressing cymAmtrCAB from Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 consumed electrons directly from a cathode when fumarate or nitrate, both intracellular electron acceptors, were present. The fumarate-triggered current consumption occurred only when fumarate reductase was present, indicating all the electrons passed through this enzyme. Moreover, CymAMtrCAB-expressing E. coli used current to stoichiometrically reduce nitrate. Thus, our work introduces a modular genetic tool to reduce a specific intracellular redox molecule with an electrode, opening the possibility of electronically controlling biological processes such as biosynthesis and growth in any microorganism.