Cognitional Impairment

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 755-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Azizian ◽  
Shane Hutton ◽  
Doriann Hughes ◽  
Shoba Sreenivasan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Offender Treatment ◽  
Sexually Violent Predator ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Wide Range Achievement Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric

Sexually Violent Predator statutes allow the involuntary treatment of individuals who are found to pose a threat to public safety. Most sex offender treatment programs rely on cognitive interventions to reduce the risk of recidivism. The purpose of this study was to examine (a) whether individuals with paraphilia diagnoses have cognitive deficits compared with the general population; (b) whether individuals diagnosed with pedophilia differed on cognitive performance when compared with individuals diagnosed with paraphilia not otherwise specified (NOS), nonconsent; and (c) whether individuals with paraphilia plus antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) differed in cognitive performance when compared with individuals with a paraphilia diagnosis only. The sample consisted of 170 males ( M age = 50.21; SD = 10.22) diagnosed with pedophilia or paraphilia NOS, nonconsent, who were detained or civilly committed to a forensic psychiatric hospital. Assessments included Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI), and Wide Range Achievement Test 4 (WRAT4). Individuals diagnosed with pedophilia and paraphilia NOS, nonconsent, obtained lower scores than matched controls based on the RBANS Immediate Memory, Visuospatial/Constructional, Delayed Memory indices and Total Score. In comparison with individuals with paraphilia NOS, nonconsent, those with pedophilia diagnosis had lower scores on the RBANS Delayed Memory. Individuals diagnosed with a paraphilia disorder combined with ASPD demonstrated trends toward lower IQ scores than those with a paraphilia diagnosis only. Treatment programs can improve their chance of success by assessment of cognitive processes, and offer therapy in a style that is consistent with the cognitive abilities of their clients.

Prison-based sex offender treatment programs in the post sexual psychopath era

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 555-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Offender Treatment ◽  
Sex Offender Treatment ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Treatment Methods ◽  
State Prisons ◽  
New Generation

Throughout the 1980s sex offender treatment programs proliferated in state prisons in the wake of repealed sexual psychopath legislation, driven by much favorable publicity over novel cognitive and behavioral treatment methods. This article examines the scope and likely impact of the new generation of sex offender treatment programs and concludes that heightened optimism may be premature. The new programs embody the same defects that the repeal of psychopath legislation was intended to correct. The enterprise of sex offender treatment would benefit from participation of social scientists outside of the treatment field in research on sex offenders.

scholarly journals A Call for Research on Sex Offender Treatment Programs

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Ashley C. T. Jones ◽  
Tess M. S. Neal
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Program ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Transition Services ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Offender Treatment ◽  
Sex Offender Treatment ◽  
Federal Bureau ◽  
Federal Bureau Of Prisons ◽  
Entry Requirements ◽  
Program Environment

The effects of sex offender treatment programs have been addressed in the literature, but there are opportunities to expand research and potentially improve existing sex offender treatment programs. The Federal Bureau of Prison’s Sex Offender Treatment Program gives offenders the opportunity to change their behavior by reducing criminality and recidivism, and receive transition services as offenders exit the prison system and reenter society. This program is evidence-based and utilizes landmark research in sex offender treatment, however there are a few details that may present limitations to the effectiveness of the treatment program within the Federal Bureau of Prisons. Entry requirements, such as literacy, cognitive, and remaining sentence requirements, as well as the treatment program environment, present opportunities for research to evaluate the effects of these variables on the convicted sex offender population.

Laterality of Cognitive Functions in Achieving Hemiplegic Children

1974 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1283-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Kershner ◽  
Audrey J. King
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wide Range Achievement Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Brain Injured ◽  
Instructional Procedures ◽  
Perceptual Performance ◽  
The Right

7 left and 7 right children with infantile hemiplegia were compared with 7 physically normal children on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children and Reitan-Indiana Neurological Tests. Although the brain-injured children are achieving satisfactorily in school and no differences were found among the three groups on the Wide Range Achievement Test, the left hemiplegics were poorer than the normals in visuo-perceptual performance and the right hemiplegics poorer than the normals in verbal intelligence. The results suggest that even in educationally advanced children, compensation for early, asymmetrical brain damage is not complete. Recommendations were made for early assessment of asymmetrical cognitive abilities and differential instructional procedures.

Cognitive Abilities and Lipomyelomeningocele

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
William N. Friedrich ◽  
David B. Shurtleff ◽  
Joyce Shaffer
Keyword(s):  
Motor Skills ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range Achievement Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Developmental Test ◽  
Visual Motor ◽  
Perceptual Motor Skills ◽  
Wide Range Achievement

Ten children with lipomyelomeningocele were evaluated with the WISC—R, the Wide Range Achievement Test—Revised, the Developmental Test of Visual-motor Integration, and the Child Behavior Checklist. These children were consecutive referrals to a birth defects clinic. Unlike their meningomyelocele counterparts, as a group these children appear to be average in their intellectual, academic, and behavioral characteristics. However, they exhibited low average perceptual motor skills, a feature more commonly seen in meningomyelocele.

Follow-up of Rapists Treated in a Forensic Psychiatric Hospital

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Clelland ◽  
Lea H. Studer ◽  
John R. Reddon
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Sex Offender ◽  
Offender Treatment ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Sex Offender Treatment ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Forensic Psychiatric ◽  
The Phoenix

Current research examining the effectiveness of sex offender treatment is encouraging, Despite this optimism, research focusing on men who sexually assault adult women is less optimistic. This study examines the preliminary results of 74 rapists admitted into the Phoenix program, a voluntary sex offender treatment program in a forensic psychiatric hospital. Patients were categorized according to whether they completed treatment or not Treated rapists (n = 36) reoffended at a substantially lower rate than untreated rapists who were assessed but not treated (n = 38). Statistically significant differences in reoffense rates were found for violent, nonsexual offenses as well as nonviolent, nonsexual offenses. Although nearly twice as many treatment noncompleters reoffended sexually, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. Mean follow-up time was well over four years for both groups. The implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals MOZART EFFECT AND MUSIC PSYCHOLOGY: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND FUTURE RESEARCH

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-5
Author(s):  
Vaitsa Giannouli
Keyword(s):  
Adult Students ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Mozart Effect ◽  
Music Psychology ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
A Minor

The field of Music Psychology has grown in the past 20 years, to emerge from being just a minor topic to one of mainstream interest within the brain sciences (Hallam, Cross, & Thaut, 2011). Despite the plethora of research attempts to examine the so-called hotly disputed “Mozart effect” which was first reported by Rauscher, Shaw, and Ky (1993, 1995), we still know little about it. This group of researchers were the first to support experimentally that visuospatial processing was enhanced in participants following exposure to Mozart’s Sonata for Two Pianos in D major (K.448). Although the first research attempts referred to the Mozart effect as an easy way of improving cognitive performance immediately after passive music listening to Mozart’s sonata K. 448 (Chabris, 1999), after which healthy young adult students could perform with enhanced spatial- temporal abilities in tasks such as the Paper Folding Task (PFT), nowadays there is a number of studies indicating that this specific music excerpt does not necessarily have this magical influence on all cognitive abilities (e.g. on the overall Intelligence Quotient) in humans and on the behavior of animals (for a review see Giannouli, Tsolaki & Kargopoulos, 2010). In addition to that, questions arise whether listening to this ‘magic music excerpt’ does indeed have benefits that generalize across a wide range of cognitive performance, and if it can induce changes that are of importance for medical and therapeutic purposes in patients with neurological disorders (e.g. epilepsy) or psychiatric disorders (e.g. dementia, depression) (Verrusio et al., 2015).

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