scholarly journals Efficacy of a Continuous Performance Test Based on Virtual Reality in the Diagnosis of ADHD and Its Clinical Presentations

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1081-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Areces ◽  
Celestino Rodríguez ◽  
Trinidad García ◽  
Marisol Cueli ◽  
Paloma González-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Response Times ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Clinical Presentations

Objective: To analyze the diagnostic effectiveness of the AULA Nesplora test to discriminate the different ADHD presentations: impulsive/hyperactive (I/H), inattentive, and combined.Method: A total of 117 students (76.9% male and 23.1% female) between 5 and 16 years of age ( M = 11.18 years, SD = 3.10 years) participated, and were divided into three groups with ADHD according to their presentation, and a control group. Results: Each of the test conditions allowed the discrimination between the I/H and combined presentations with respect to the control group, and between the I/H and inattentive presentations. However, differences among ADHD presentations were only evident when the results were separately analyzed for the visual and auditory modalities. Conclusion: This study showed that the indicators offered by the AULA Nesplora test (omissions, commissions, response times, and motor activity) make it possible to establish a differential diagnosis of ADHD presentations when analyzed under different contextual conditions.

Comparing the Mathematics Continuous Performance Test With Other Measures of Tests of Attention

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 291-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dubi Lufi ◽  
Shachar Pan
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Clinical Population ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Adhd Assessment ◽  
Research Reporting ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Continuous Performance Tests ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. Several studies have shown that Continuous Performance Tests (CPT) can diagnose Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) better than other tests. Research reporting comparisons of two or more CPT-type tests is scarce. The purpose of the study was to compare the Mathematics Continuous Performance Test (MATH-CPT) with another CPT-type test (CPT II) and a questionnaire (the Brown Scale). The comparison was carried out by looking at correlations among subscales and checking the precision of detecting ADHD. Ninety-five high school and college students participated in the study, 41 with ADHD were the research group and 54 were the control group. The participants performed the two tests and answered the questionnaire. The results showed that the MATH-CPT correctly identified 74.50% of the participants of both groups as compared to the 71.60% of the CPT II. Correlations between the two CPT-type tests were moderate; however, they were similar to correlations found in other studies comparing similar tools. The MATH-CPT, final attention formula, showed significant correlations with the Brown scales, while the CPT II, confidence index associated with ADHD assessment, showed nonsignificant correlations with the questionnaire. The study indicated that MATH-CPT can be used with a clinical population of ADHD and for research purposes.

Sustained Attention in Brain Damaged Children

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 317-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Campanelli
Keyword(s):  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Specific Site ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Convulsive Disorders

This study explored sustained attention in children with convulsive disorders diagnosed as having cortical and subcortical lesions by means of the Continuous Performance Test (CPT). Significant differences were found between and within these 2 groups and a control group. Results support other findings concerning specific site of lesion on sustained attention in brain damaged children when measured by the CPT. Implications for learning are discussed.

The Utility of Self-Report Measures and the Continuous Performance Test in the Diagnosis of ADHD in Adults

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 649-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary V. Solanto ◽  
Kenneth Etefia ◽  
David J. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Adult Adhd ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Axis I

ABSTRACTBackground: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) occurs in as many as 4% of adults yet it is often not recognized in clinical settings because the presenting symptoms may resemble those seen in other disorders or because symptoms may be masked by commonly comorbid conditions such as anxiety and depression.Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the diagnostic utility of instruments commonly used in the assessment of adults presenting with symptoms of ADHD.Methods: We reviewed several widely used self-report and laboratory measures and empirically examined the utility of the Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scale for Adults (Brown ADD Scale) and the Conners Continuous Performance Test (CPT) in differentially identifying adults with ADHD and those with other Axis I disorders.Results:Ninety-three adults who self-referred to the ADHD program for adults at a university medical center participated in the study. Of these, 44 had ADHD combined subtype (ADHD-CB), and 26 had ADHD, predominantly inattentive subtype (ADHD-IA). Thirty-three non-ADHD adults diagnosed with Axis I mood or anxiety disorders comprised an “Other Psychiatric” group. Rates of comorbid disorders, including substance abuse, in the ADHD groups were typical of those reported in the adult ADHD literature. Data on the Brown ADD Scale and on the CPT were available for subsets of 61 and 46 participants, respectively. Analyses showed that the ADHD-CB, ADHD-IA, and Other Psychiatric groups all received mean scores in the clinical range on the Brown ADD Scale, with a trend toward even higher elevations in the two ADHD groups. Among 12 CPT variables assessed for the three groups, the mean scores on only two variables for the ADHD-IA group were clinically elevated. Neither the Brown ADD Scale nor CPT scores evinced sufficient sensitivity and specificity to qualify them to assist in differential diagnosis of ADHD vis-a-vis other, predominantly internalizing, psychiatric disorders.Conclusion: The results indicate a need for closer examination of executive and adaptive functioning in adults with ADHD compared with those with internalizing disorders in order to identify features that could assist in differential diagnosis.

COMPARING ATTENTIONAL PERFORMANCE WITH CALIBRATED BAYES FACTORS IN A VIRTUAL REALITY-BASED CONTINUOUS PERFORMANCE TEST

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana María Ruiz-Ruano García ◽  
Jorge López Puga ◽  
Beñat Lizarazu Rodrigo ◽  
Marta Moreno Oyarzabal ◽  
Amaia Aierbe Pombo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Bayes Factors ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Attentional Performance

The Utility of a Continuous Performance Test Embedded in Virtual Reality in Measuring ADHD-Related Deficits

2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yehuda Pollak ◽  
Patricia L. Weiss ◽  
Albert A. Rizzo ◽  
Merav Weizer ◽  
Liron Shriki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance

AULA virtual reality test as an attention measure: Convergent validity with Conners’ Continuous Performance Test

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unai Díaz-Orueta ◽  
Cristina Garcia-López ◽  
Nerea Crespo-Eguílaz ◽  
Rocío Sánchez-Carpintero ◽  
Gema Climent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Conners Continuous Performance Test

scholarly journals Is an ADHD Observation-Scale Based on DSM Criteria Able to Predict Performance in a Virtual Reality Continuous Performance Test?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2409
Author(s):  
Débora Areces ◽  
Celestino Rodríguez ◽  
Trinidad García ◽  
Marisol Cueli
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Performance Tests ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Observation Scale

The Diagnosis of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) requires an exhaustive and objective assessment in order to design an intervention that is adapted to the peculiarities of the patients. The present study aimed to determine if the most commonly used ADHD observation scale—the Evaluation of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity (EDAH) scale—is able to predict performance in a Continuous Performance Test based on Virtual Reality (VR-CPT). One-hundred-and-fifty students (76% boys and 24% girls) aged 6–16 (M = 10.35; DT = 2.39) participated in the study. Regression analyses showed that only the EDAH subscale referring to inattention symptoms, was a statistically significant predictor of performance in a VR-CPT. More specifically, this subscale showed 86.5% prediction-accuracy regarding performance in the Omissions variable, 80.4% in the Commissions variable, and 74.5% in the Response-time variable. The EDAH subscales referring to impulsivity and hyperactivity were not statistically significant predictors of any variables in the VR-CPT. Our findings may partially explain why impulsive-hyperactive and the combined presentations of ADHD might be considered as unique and qualitatively different sub-categories of ADHD. These results also highlighted the importance of measuring not only the observable behaviors of ADHD individuals, but also the scores in performance tests that are attained by the patients themselves.

Behavior and Attention in LD Children

1988 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 360-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele J. Eliason ◽  
Lynn C. Richman
Keyword(s):  
Motor Activity ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Behavior Scale ◽  
Problem Checklist

The performance of 90 learning disabled (LD) children on two measures of behavior and attentional skills was examined: (a) the Revised Behavior Problem Checklist (RBPC, Quay & Peterson, 1987) is a parent-rated multivariate behavior scale; and (b) the Continuous Performance Test (CPT, Lindgren & Lyon, 1983) is a laboratory vigilance / impulsivity measure. As a group, the LD subjects exceeded normative standards on every measure of both scales. However, when the data were examined individually, approximately 30% of the children accounted for the majority of behavioral problems. The most common difficulties were noted on attention, cognitive processing, anxiety, and excessive motor activity.

The Influences of Social Class and Sex on Sustained Attention (Vigilance) and Motor Inhibition in Children

1979 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Levy ◽  
G. Hobbes
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Continuous Performance Test ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Motor Inhibition ◽  
Cpt Test

A sample of 220 normal pre-school and primary school children was tested by the Continuous Performance Test(CPT), a test of sustained attention (vigilance), the Drawa-Line Slowly test (DALS), a test of motor inhibition and two sub-tests of the latter test. Significant social class associations were found for the CPT and DALS tests, but were not present for DALO and DALF (measures of speed in drawing a line). Sex differences were not found for the CPT test or for DALS, but the boys completed the DALO and DALF tests faster than the girls suggesting superior motor activity and co-ordination.

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