COMPARING ATTENTIONAL PERFORMANCE WITH CALIBRATED BAYES FACTORS IN A VIRTUAL REALITY-BASED CONTINUOUS PERFORMANCE TEST

The Diagnosis of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) requires an exhaustive and objective assessment in order to design an intervention that is adapted to the peculiarities of the patients. The present study aimed to determine if the most commonly used ADHD observation scale—the Evaluation of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity (EDAH) scale—is able to predict performance in a Continuous Performance Test based on Virtual Reality (VR-CPT). One-hundred-and-fifty students (76% boys and 24% girls) aged 6–16 (M = 10.35; DT = 2.39) participated in the study. Regression analyses showed that only the EDAH subscale referring to inattention symptoms, was a statistically significant predictor of performance in a VR-CPT. More specifically, this subscale showed 86.5% prediction-accuracy regarding performance in the Omissions variable, 80.4% in the Commissions variable, and 74.5% in the Response-time variable. The EDAH subscales referring to impulsivity and hyperactivity were not statistically significant predictors of any variables in the VR-CPT. Our findings may partially explain why impulsive-hyperactive and the combined presentations of ADHD might be considered as unique and qualitatively different sub-categories of ADHD. These results also highlighted the importance of measuring not only the observable behaviors of ADHD individuals, but also the scores in performance tests that are attained by the patients themselves.

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The Influence of State and Trait Anxiety on the Achievement of a Virtual Reality Continuous Performance Test in Children and Adolescents with ADHD Symptoms

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10122534 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 2534

Author(s):

Débora Areces ◽

Celestino Rodríguez ◽

Trinidad García ◽

Marisol Cueli ◽

Paloma González-Castro

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

State Anxiety ◽

Performance Test ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Explanatory Power ◽

Continuous Performance Test ◽

Hierarchical Regression ◽

Continuous Performance ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

State And Trait Anxiety

The three types of presentations of ADHD often co-occur with other disorders, anxiety being one of the most prevalent. For this reason and because there are few studies that have examined the influence of anxiety on attentional activities, this study aims to determine how internalizing difficulties (anxiety levels) can influence performance in a virtual reality continuous performance test. The study used a non-probabilistic clinical sample comprising 68 boys (66%) and 35 girls (34%) aged between 6 and 16 (M = 12.24; SD = 2.45) who had been referred to clinical services for the evaluation of ADHD symptoms. Once informed consent was given, the children were administered the STAI-C scale and a virtual reality continuous performance test by expert researchers. Hierarchical regression models showed that only state anxiety demonstrated significant explanatory power over attentional variables. These findings confirm how important it is for children to feel relaxed when they undergo psychological evaluation tests, as otherwise the individual’s intervention design would be based on biased data. Similarly, the findings also suggested an effect of IQ in the interpretation of continuous performance scores.

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Efficacy of a Continuous Performance Test Based on Virtual Reality in the Diagnosis of ADHD and Its Clinical Presentations

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054716629711 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 1081-1091 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Débora Areces ◽

Celestino Rodríguez ◽

Trinidad García ◽

Marisol Cueli ◽

Paloma González-Castro

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Motor Activity ◽

Performance Test ◽

Response Times ◽

Continuous Performance Test ◽

Control Group ◽

Continuous Performance ◽

Test Conditions ◽

Clinical Presentations

Objective: To analyze the diagnostic effectiveness of the AULA Nesplora test to discriminate the different ADHD presentations: impulsive/hyperactive (I/H), inattentive, and combined.Method: A total of 117 students (76.9% male and 23.1% female) between 5 and 16 years of age ( M = 11.18 years, SD = 3.10 years) participated, and were divided into three groups with ADHD according to their presentation, and a control group. Results: Each of the test conditions allowed the discrimination between the I/H and combined presentations with respect to the control group, and between the I/H and inattentive presentations. However, differences among ADHD presentations were only evident when the results were separately analyzed for the visual and auditory modalities. Conclusion: This study showed that the indicators offered by the AULA Nesplora test (omissions, commissions, response times, and motor activity) make it possible to establish a differential diagnosis of ADHD presentations when analyzed under different contextual conditions.

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ATTENTIONAL PERFORMANCE OF DVD-DEFICIENT RATS IN THE 5-CHOICE CONTINUOUS PERFORMANCE TEST

Schizophrenia Research ◽

10.1016/j.schres.2010.02.442 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 117 (2-3) ◽

pp. 275

Author(s):

Thomas H. Burne ◽

Karly Turner ◽

John J. McGrath ◽

Darryl W. Eyles

Keyword(s):

Performance Test ◽

Continuous Performance Test ◽

Continuous Performance ◽

Attentional Performance

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Development of Virtual Reality Continuous Performance Test Utilizing Social Cues for Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking ◽

10.1089/cyber.2018.0377 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 198-204 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hyojung Eom ◽

Kwanguk (Kenny) Kim ◽

Sungmi Lee ◽

Yeon-Ju Hong ◽

Jiwoong Heo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Virtual Reality ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Performance Test ◽

Continuous Performance Test ◽

Social Cues ◽

Continuous Performance ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

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Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) bei Kindern mit hyperkinetischem Syndrom - eine experimentelle Untersuchung mittels des Continuous Performance Test (CPT)

Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie ◽

10.1024//1422-4917.28.4.239 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 239-246 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

K. Hennighausen ◽

G. Schulte-Körne ◽

A. Warnke ◽

H. Remschmidt

Keyword(s):

Contingent Negative Variation ◽

Performance Test ◽

Continuous Performance Test ◽

Continuous Performance ◽

Experimentelle Untersuchung

Zusammenfassung Fragestellung: Gibt es neurophysiologische Korrelate der Aufmerksamkeitsstörung beim hyperkinetischen Syndrom (HKS) und welche Bedeutung haben diese für die Ätiologie der Störung. Methodik: Selektive Aufmerksamkeitsprozesse wurden anhand des zweistufigen Continuous Performance Test (CPT) bei 18 Jungen mit hyperkinetischem Syndrom (HKS) untersucht und mit einer nach dem Alter parallelisierten Kontrollgruppe von 21 Jungen verglichen. Die Altersspanne der Stichprobe betrug 6 bis 12 Jahre. Parallel dazu wurden ereigniskorrelierte Potentiale (EKP) während des Tests an den Elektrodenpositionen Fz, Cz, Pz und Oz mit Referenz zu verbundenen Ohren abgeleitet. Ergebnisse: Im EKP nach dem präparatorischen Stimulus konnten zwei Komponenten der Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) mit unterschiedlicher topographischer Verteilung identifiziert werden (CNV-1: 600 bis 1100 ms und CNV-2: 1000 bis 1500 ms nach Stimulus). Die Stichproben unterschieden sich nicht auf der Verhaltensebene (Fehlerrate und Reaktionszeit). Signifikante Gruppenunterschiede ergaben sich hinsichtlich der Topographie der beiden CNV-Komponenten. Kinder mit HKS zeigten im Vergleich zu Kontrollkindern eine signifikant niedrigere CNV-1 über der frontalen und eine Tendenz zu stärkerer Negativierung (CNV-1 und CNV-2) über der occipitalen Elektrode. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse unterstützen die Hypothese einer Unterfunktion frontaler inhibitorischer Prozesse bei Kindern mit HKS.

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Comparing the Mathematics Continuous Performance Test With Other Measures of Tests of Attention

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000261 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 291-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dubi Lufi ◽

Shachar Pan

Keyword(s):

Performance Test ◽

Continuous Performance Test ◽

Clinical Population ◽

Control Group ◽

Continuous Performance ◽

Adhd Assessment ◽

Research Reporting ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Continuous Performance Tests ◽

Better Than

Abstract. Several studies have shown that Continuous Performance Tests (CPT) can diagnose Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) better than other tests. Research reporting comparisons of two or more CPT-type tests is scarce. The purpose of the study was to compare the Mathematics Continuous Performance Test (MATH-CPT) with another CPT-type test (CPT II) and a questionnaire (the Brown Scale). The comparison was carried out by looking at correlations among subscales and checking the precision of detecting ADHD. Ninety-five high school and college students participated in the study, 41 with ADHD were the research group and 54 were the control group. The participants performed the two tests and answered the questionnaire. The results showed that the MATH-CPT correctly identified 74.50% of the participants of both groups as compared to the 71.60% of the CPT II. Correlations between the two CPT-type tests were moderate; however, they were similar to correlations found in other studies comparing similar tools. The MATH-CPT, final attention formula, showed significant correlations with the Brown scales, while the CPT II, confidence index associated with ADHD assessment, showed nonsignificant correlations with the questionnaire. The study indicated that MATH-CPT can be used with a clinical population of ADHD and for research purposes.

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